M4U3語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

M4U3Grammarandusage（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）—?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概念語(yǔ)態(tài)（Voice）,作為一個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇，是表示主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞行式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（ActiveVoice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（PassiveVoice）。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者即施動(dòng)者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者即受動(dòng)者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)態(tài)。例如：JohnhelpedPeter.住動(dòng)）JohnhelpedPeter.住動(dòng)）二.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)之一和及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，其時(shí)態(tài)變化通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的不同形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)。—般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞—般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were4■過(guò)去分詞—般將來(lái)時(shí)：will（shall）+be+過(guò)去分詞 begoingto+be+去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should（would）be+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+beingh■過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeing+過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)完成時(shí)：willhavebeen+ii去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/have+been■?■過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+ii去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：wouldhavebeen+ii去分詞注：過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看，將來(lái)某時(shí)將會(huì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。三.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：—般式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+be+過(guò)去分詞.完成式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+have+been+過(guò)去分詞。例女口：1）Youneedn'tmentionhisplaninyourspeech.（主動(dòng)）Hisplanneedn 'tbementionedinyourspee被動(dòng)）2）Youmighthavecompletedyourtaskaheadoftime.（主動(dòng)）Yourtaskmighthavebeencompletedaheadoftime?（被動(dòng)）四.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)特殊用法（―）句式It+be+said/reported/expected/proved/supposed等+that從句。例女口: 1）ItisreportedthattheyaresailinginthePacific.=TheyarereportedtobesailinginthePacific.2）ItissaidthatMr.Bellinventedthefirsttelephone.=Mr.Bellissaidtohaveinventedthefirsttelephone.當(dāng)不定式to后的動(dòng)作早于不定式to前的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，不定式to后的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的完成。例如：Theoldbridgeissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheearly1930s.（二） ?含有動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，不要漏掉其后的介詞或副詞。例如:Wemusttakegoodcareofthechildren.（主動(dòng)）Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.（被動(dòng)）（三） ?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常在不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或者是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)才用。助動(dòng)詞 be有時(shí)可被系動(dòng)詞get替換，即“get過(guò)去分詞”也可表示被動(dòng)概念。例女口:Youarewantedonthephone.（四） ?固定結(jié)構(gòu)begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter的被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)begoingtousedtohaveto主動(dòng)begoingtousedtohavetobegoingtobedoneusedtobedonehavetobedonehadbetterhadbetterbedone例女口:Thelittleboyusedtosendnewspapershere.（主動(dòng)）Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittleboy.（被動(dòng)）（五） ?“賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”又叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)位置保持不動(dòng)，但是其變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)了。例女口:Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.（主動(dòng)）Theboywascaughtsmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.（被動(dòng)）（六）?在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號(hào)to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to.例女口:Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.（主動(dòng)）Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.（被動(dòng)）（七） ?主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義的詞1?感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞如:look,smell,feel,prove,wear,sound,taste等。Theclothfeelsverysoft,Ilikeitverymuch.某些表主語(yǔ)由內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能的動(dòng)詞也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，常見(jiàn)的有： wash,write,sell,read,open,shut,keep,read,clean,sell,cook,close,lock等。例女口： （1）.Thatkindofdresswasheswell.（2） ?Thistypeofcomputersellswellamongteenagers.want,need,require,take,beworth等詞的后面可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：（1）.Sheboughtmeabook,whichisworthreading.（2）.Allthewindowsinthemeetingroomneedwashing.在“be形容詞+todo句型中。常用于此句型形容詞有 easy,hard,difficult,heavy,light,comfortable等。例如：（1）.Englishwordsaredifficulttoremember.英語(yǔ)單詞很難記。（2）.Shetoldmethatthefishwasnotfittoeat.五.不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況。不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例如：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belongto,takeplace,setsailfor,consistof等。例女口: 1.Sixmembersconsistofthecommittee.2Youshouldn'ttakewhatdoesnbelong'ttoyou.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,become,last,fail等。例如:1?TheflatcosthimaroundonemillionRMB.2.Thisbookcontainsallthephrasesyouhavelearnt.語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)1? anewlibrary inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;buildAnaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou thisjob? Well,I1mthinkingaboutthesalary …A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeofferedSofar,themoon bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisited C?hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisitedAtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek?A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.givesAlotofthings_bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedoneThedoctor foryet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsentWhen thiskindofcomputers ?Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;used C.is;used d.are;usedMary showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isasked d.askstoAstory byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusoffthetree.D.toldus11?ThemonkeywasseenC.jumpedD.tojumpA.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojumpD.lookedafterD.servedD.hadsRepublicofChinain1949.D.lookedafterD.servedD.hadsRepublicofChinain1949.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafter13.Insomepartoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isserved C.serves_Itwasreportedthatthemurdererarrested.A.hasbeen B.hadbeen C.hasDoyouthinkthatthebridge inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompleted D.isbeingcompletedGreatchanges inChinasincethePeopleA.havetakenplace;wasfounded B.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;founded D.tookplace;founded—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedatDoctors ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB?areneedingC?areneededD.willneedIpromisethatmatterwill .A.betakencare B.betakencareofC.takecare D.takecareofNopermissionhas foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD?begiven21?Cansuchathing happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfromIt whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn1tbeendecidedB.isn1tdecidingC.doesn1tdecideD.hasn'tdecidedThepen me.Itishers.A.isn1tbneglotoB.wasn1tbelongtoC.doesn'tbelongtoD.didn1tbelongtoIcan1tusemybikebecauseit .A.isrepairing B.isbeingrepairedC.willrepair D.wasrepairingThechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hearC.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heardBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompleted D.hadbeencompleted —Howlongatthisjob?—Sinee1990. （NMET2003北京春季,27）A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedRainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.（2002上海春季，30）A.cut B.arecutC.arebeingcut D.hadbeencutSelectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytas