寒假第八講完形填空閱讀理解講義-上海市高一上學期英語上外版2020

Lesson8IntensiveReading:SocialserviceandinterpersonalmunicationIntensivereadingIntensivereadingSocialserviceandinterpersonalmunicationClozeCloze難度：★★★★☆【語篇類型】議論文【主題群】社會服務與人際溝通【來源】TheGuardianWhydowestillhaveemail?Emailisoneoftheinternet'soldestappsfromthedaysbeforeweusedtheword“app”evenanddespiteitsdrawbacks,mostofusstilluseiteveryday.Typically,theappswedownloadin2020havebeen_____1_____formeredaysormonths.Weareusedtothepangofregretwhenreallyusefulsoftwaresuddenlywinksoutofexistence.Howhasemailremaineda(n)_____2_____fornearly50years?Yes,①itishelpfulthatemailisbasedona(n)_____3_____municationsmediumthatstretchesbacktosomeofthefirstexamplesofwrittenlanguage.Butthatisn'tthefullstory.First,emailmanagedtosurvivemassiveupheavals①inthewayweuseputers.Intheearly1970s,whenemailwasborn,itwasalmost_____4_____atoolforresearchers,universitystudentsandengineers.Youwouldsend,receiveandstoreyouremailonaworkputer.Withthe_____5______ofpersonalputersinthe1980sand90s,emailbecamesomethingyoukeptonyourownprivatemachinesordisksalmostlikestoringoldlettersinashoebox.Now,wehaveefullcircle.Mostofusstoreourpersonalmailinthecloud,whichis______6_____likestoringitonsomebodyelse'sworkputer.Itisextremelyraretoseeappsmaketheleapfromoneplatformtoanotherlikeemaildid.Theytendto_____7_____inthejourneyfromwebtomobile,orfromonegamesystemtoanother.Aswellas_____8_____dramatictechchanges,emaildealtwithanothermajorhurdle②:spam(垃圾郵件).②Inthe1990sandearly2000s,people'sinboxes_____9_____somuchjunkthatitwasimpossibletofindthestuffyouwanted.Youhadtoinstallanotherprogramaspamfilterjusttouseyouremailprogram.③Butintheageofcloudmail,antispamsystemshavebeesogoodthatitis_____10_____toseeoneofthosequaintold(稀奇古老的)subjectlinestouting(標榜)“V1@g*r$@!”or“pron”togetaroundwordfilters.Andyet,_____11_____itsheroictriumphovertechobsolescence③andspam,emailisn'texactlyalluring(吸引人的)．Weuseitmostlyforofficial_____12______,automatedremindersandshoppingreceipts,alongwiththeoccasionalbitofpersonalnews.Thoughemailmunicationispracticallyinstantaneous(即時的)，itfeels_____13______.Whyemailwhenyoucouldtext?Perhapsthatisthepoint.④Emailisn'tabrandnewwayto_____14_____,norisitjuicedupwithmemesandhottakes.ButwearestillopeningGmailorHotmaileverydaybecauseitworksandeverybodyhasit.Underthehood,emailusesaprotocol(數(shù)據(jù)傳遞的協(xié)議)thatkeepstryingtosenddata,overandover,hopingthatitcanoutlast④networkproblems.Itdoesn'tgiveup.Andsomehow,bytryingreallyearnestly,it_____15_____theputerswhereitwasbornandthespammerswhotriedtodefeatit.1.A.availableB.effectiveC.freeD.reasonable2.A.constantB.dominanceC.servantD.function3.A.ancientB.cheapC.directD.simple4.A.exceptionallyB.exclusivelyC.generallyD.inclusively5.A.additionB.panyC.impactD.rise6.A.essentiallyB.literallyC.physicallyD.potentially7.A.dieB.malfunctionC.upgradeD.withdraw8.A.bringingaboutB.conflictingwithC.strugglingwithD.weathering9.A.wereburiedwithB.werecloggedwithC.werechargedwithD.werefeaturedwith10.A.excitedB.rareC.relievedD.unpleasant11.A.despiteB.insteadofC.regardlessofD.thanksto12.A.announcementB.connectionC.correspondenceD.publication13.A.shortB.convenientC.distantD.slow14.A.contributeB.cooperateC.evolveD.socialise15.A.hasabandonedB.hasdefeatedC.hasoutlivedD.hasunifiedKeys:15:AAABD610:AADBB1115:ACDDCGrammar&VocabularyGrammar&VocabularyI.Fillthesewordsinthetext.Thenmatcheachwordwiththeirdefinition.upheavalhurdleobsolescenceoutlast1.__________toexistoroperatelongerthansb/sth2.__________thestateofbeingoldfashionedandnolongeruseful3.__________aproblemordifficultythatyoumustdealwithbeforeyoucanachievesth4.__________agreatchange,especiallycausingorinvolvingmuchdifficulty,activity,ortroubleKeys:outlast;obsolescence;hurdle;upheavalIl.pletethesentenceswiththeproperformsofthegivenwords.Eachwordisusedonlyonce.automateddramaticdrawbackearnestlyinstallmediumremindersurvive1.Ofthesixpeopleinjuredinthecrash,onlytwo__________.2.Robotshavebrought__________changestotheworkplace.3.Thegreat__________tolivingonamainroadistheconstantnoise.4.Shemadea(n)__________attempttoconvertmetoherpointofview.5.Apostercanbeanexcellent__________forgettingyourmessageacross.6.Localresidentsareaskingforspeedhumpstobe__________intheirstreet.7.Theproductionprocessisnowfully__________,whichsavesalotoflabour.8.Theincidentservedasatimely__________ofjusthowdangerousmountaineeringcanbe.Keys:survived;dramatic;drawback;earnest;medium;installed;automated;reminderIII.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.1.thepangofregret2.suddenlywinkoutofexistence3.stretchbackto4.maketheleapfromoneplatformtoanother5.getaroundwordfilters6.heroictriumphover7.theoccasionalbitofpersonalnews8.bejuicedupwithmemesandhottakesKeys:1.悔恨的痛苦；2.突然消失；3.追溯到；4.從一個平臺跳到另一個平臺；5.避開詞匯過濾器；6.偉大的勝利；7.一些偶爾的私人消息；8.充滿表情包和熱門話題IV.SentencestructuresReadthefollowingsentences,payingattentiontotheirstructures.Thentrytotranslatethegivensentencesmodelingthestructures.1.Itishelpfulthatemailisbasedonanancientmunicationsmediumthatstretchesbacktosomeofthefirstexamplesofwrittenlanguage.句型：第一個that引導主語從句，it是形式主語；第二個that引導定語從句，在從句中作主語。仿寫：現(xiàn)在每個人都能收發(fā)電子郵件，這是很普遍的。Keys:Itismontodaythateveryonecansendandreceiveemails.2.Inthe1990sandearly2000s,people'sinboxeswerecloggedwithsomuchjunkthatitwasimpossibletofindthestuffyouwanted.句型：somuch+不可數(shù)名詞＋that意為“太多…以至于…”。仿寫：我收到了太多的垃圾郵件，以至于我找不到昨天的郵件。Keys:IreceivedsomuchspamthatIcouldn’tfindyesterday’semail.3.Butintheageofcloudmail,antispamsystemshavebeesogoodthatitisraretoseeoneofthosequaintoldsubjectlinestouting“V1@g*r$@!”or“pron”togetaroundwordfilters.句型：SO+形容詞＋that意為“太…以至于…”。仿寫：這個視頻太有趣了，以至于我忘記回郵件了。Keys:ThevideowassointerestingthatIforgottoreplytotheemail.4.Emailisn'tabrandnewwaytosocialise,norisitjuicedupwithmemesandhottakes.句型：not...nor...意為“沒有…也沒有…”。仿寫：電子郵件不是一種非常安全的傳遞信息的方式，也不經(jīng)常用于社交。Keys:Emailisn’taverysafewaytoconveyinformation,norisitoftenusedforsocializing.V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.一股誘人的味道喚起了我們遙遠的記憶。(remind)Aninvitingsmellremindsusofthedistantmemories.2.和別人合住的缺點之一就是不得不合用洗手間。(drawback)Oneofthedrawbacksoflivingwithsomeoneishavingtoshareabathroom.3.意外在所難免，一個人必須學會幾項求生技能。(survive)Oneshouldlearnseveralskillstosurviveincaseofsomethingunexpected.4.隨著現(xiàn)金提款量的急劇下降，過不了多久，無現(xiàn)金社會就會成為現(xiàn)實。(dramatic)Withadramaticdeclineincashwithdrawal,itwillnotbelongbeforeacashlesssocietybeesareality.FocusonthetopicFocusonthetopic：SocialserviceandinterpersonalmunicationClozeCloze難度：★★★★☆【語篇類型】說明文【主題群】社會服務與人際溝通【來源】復興中學高一試題Hundredsofyearsago,CharlesDarwinpredictedthatfacialexpressionsofemotionareuniversal.Ifyou’veeverseenanepisodeofthepopularUSTVdramaLieToMe,youwillreally_____1_____facialexpressions.Theleadingactoroftheshow,Dr.CalLightmanhasspent20yearsstudyingnonverbal_____2_____andfacialexpressions,whichallowshimtopointoutotherpeople’sdeceptions(騙術(shù))andonmanyoccasions,tobeskilledatdeceivinginordertogetthetruth.Istherereallymuchtruthbehindthisscienceof_____3_____humanemotionsthroughinvoluntary(無意識的)expressions?PaulEkman,arenownedpsychologistwhoseworkfocusesonmappingfacialexpressions,isLieToMe’sscientificadviserandkeepsablog,whereheexplainsthesciencebehindeachepisodeoftheseries.Thefollowingaresome_____4_____fromhisblog.Handtoface_____5_____indicatesalie.(X)Eachmicroexpressionisuniqueto_____6_____specificemotionsbecausetheyareinvoluntaryandthepersonisoften_____7_____ofdoingit.Butitdoesn’t_____8_____meanthatislyingwhensomeoneusesahandtohidepartofhisface.Thepersoncouldbe_____9_____informationbutyoumaybetterconsiderlookingatothermoreimportantclues_____10_____thesimplehandtofacegesture.Aliarrefuseseyecontact.(X)Peoplelookawaywhentheyarethinkingcarefullyandconsideringeachwordbeforeitisspoken,notjustwhentheyare_____11_____astoryorexcuse.Oblique(傾斜的)eyebrowsareavery_____12_____signofsadness._____13_____peoplecanmakethismovementvoluntarily,soitisactuallyneverfaked.Guiltyknowledgetechniqueiseffective.(√)Policemenoftenusetheguiltyknowledgetechnique,mentioningsomethingthatonlytheguiltypersonwillknowaboutandshowa(n)_____14_____.Thisisoftenusedinpolygraph(測謊)exams:“Wasthepersonstapled,shotorstabbedtodeath?”O(jiān)nlythekillerknowsandislikelytoshowaphysiologist_____15_____whentheactualweaponismentioned.1.A.realize B.recognize C.understand D.remind2.A.appearances B.postures C.munication D.gestures3.A.speaking B.recognizing C.indicating D.noticing4.A.explanations B.concentration C.impression D.expressions5.A.move B.action C.performance D.gesture6.A.signaling B.sighing C.signing D.maintaining7.A.clear B.conscious C.sure D.unaware8.A.regularly B.necessarily C.meaningfully D.probably9.A.holdingon B.holdingup C.holdingback D.holdingwith10.A.betterthan B.lessthan C.morethan D.ratherthan11.A.makingout B.workingout C.checkingup D.makingup12.A.preferable B.inevitable C.reliable D.suitable13.A.Quiteafew B.Veryfew C.Afew D.Onlyfew14.A.reaction B.hesitation C.impression D.application15.A.stare B.remark C.response D.reminderKey:15CCBAD610ADBCD1115DCBAC【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過引用PaulEkman博客中的內(nèi)容，闡明微表情的背后的科學含義。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你曾經(jīng)看過美國流行電視劇LieToMe，你會真正理解面部表情。A.realize意識到；B.recognize辨認出；C.understand理解；D.remind提醒。由上一句看過電視劇可知，推斷出此處應為更好理解面部表情的含義。故選C項。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：CalLightman博士花了20年時間研究非言語溝通和面部表情。A.appearances外貌；B.postures態(tài)度；C.munication交流、溝通；D.gestures手勢。語言的主要功能為溝通，則非語言自然也是為了溝通。故選C項。3．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這種通過無意識的表達來識別人類情感，存在科學依據(jù)嗎？A.speaking講述；B.recognizing識別；C.indicating表明；D.noticing注意。根據(jù)上下文知，無意識的表達可以用來“識別，辨別”人類感情態(tài)度。故選B項。4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：以下是從他博客中摘錄的一些解釋。A.explanations解釋；B.concentration關(guān)注；C.impression印象；D.expressions表述。根據(jù)上文，“whereheexplainsthesciencebehindeachepisodeoftheseries.”可知，在那里他解釋了該系列劇集背后的科學。兩句含義相同，explanation為explain的名詞形式。故選A項。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從手到臉的姿態(tài)暗示謊言。A.move移動；B.action行動；C.performance表現(xiàn)；D.gesture姿態(tài)。參考下文“thesimplehandtofacegesture.”可知，此處為gesture意為“姿態(tài)，姿勢”。故選D項。6．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每一個微表情都是特定情感信號的獨特表現(xiàn)。A.signaling發(fā)信號；B.sighing嘆息；C.signing簽字；D.maintaining維持。結(jié)合語境可知，微表情對應的是情感的信號。故選A項。7．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因為這是不由自主的，并且通常自己沒有意識到。A.clear清楚地；B.conscious故意的；C.sure確信的；D.unaware沒有意識到。根據(jù)語境及對文章的理解可知，人們做微表情時往往自己是意識不到的。故選D項。8．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但這并不一定意味著，當有人用手遮住臉時他就撒謊了。A.regularly有規(guī)律的；B.necessarily必要的；C.meaningfully有意義的；D.probably可能的。結(jié)合語境可知，necessarily意為“必要的”最符合句意。故選B項。9．考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這個人可能會阻止信息，但您最好考慮查看其他更重要的線索而不是簡單的手到臉的姿勢。A.holdingon堅持；B.holdingup；舉起，C.holdingback阻止；D.holdingwith贊同。根據(jù)上下文知，如果這個人會撒謊，將會阻止信息，holdback為固定搭配，意為“阻止”。故選C項。10．考查形容詞比較級。A.betterthan更好；B.lessthan更少；C.morethan更多；D.ratherthan而不是。分析前句“最好考慮查看其他更重要的線索”，后句“簡單的手到臉的姿勢”，知有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折意味，ratherthan意為“而不是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折。故選D項。11．考查動詞詞組固定搭配。句意：人們會仔細思考說出的每一個詞，不僅僅只他們在編故事或找借口時。makingupastory/excuse為固定搭配，意為“編造故事，編造借口”。故選D項。12．考查形容詞辨析。句意：斜眉是悲傷的一個可靠的標志。A.preferable較好；B.inevitable不可避免；C.reliable可靠；D.suitable合適。reliablesign意為“可靠的標志”。故選C項。13．考查形容詞組辨析。句意：很少人可以自主進行這個動作，所以實際上它從來沒有被偽造過。A.Quiteafew相當多；B.Veryfew很少；C.Afew一點點；D.Onlyfew幾乎沒有。結(jié)合語境及上下文可知，微表情還可用于犯罪偵查，故應該很少人能夠進行偽裝。故選B項。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：警察經(jīng)常使用犯罪知識技術(shù)，提到只有犯罪者才會知道并作出反應的事情。A.reaction反應；B.hesitation猶豫；C.impression印象；D.application應用。結(jié)合語境可知，此處為犯罪者的反應。故選A項。15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當提到真正的武器時，只有殺手知道，并且很可能做出心理上的反應。A.stare凝視；B.remark評論；C.response反應，回應；D.reminder提醒。Showaresponse為固定搭配，意為“做出回應”，符合語境。故選C項。難度難度：★★★★★Readingprehension【語篇類型】說明文【主題群】社會服務與人際溝通【來源】交大附中高一試題TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsgo.Now,twitter,instantmessaging,email,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestomunicationbutnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwascertainlyastormytime.Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtomitthemselvestofirmeraction.Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople'shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinmeaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemic(流行病)wasannounced,theideaof"swineflu"scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWorldHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwith,butaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbeforting.Madonna'sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.It'snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.Ifyou'retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk(鼓舞士氣的講話)beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe'rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserules,youhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.1.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause__________.A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness.C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumanmunication.D.itisofgreatuseineverydaylifecontext.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboosted