開啟你的自然之旅：自然商業(yè)指南-英

Getting

startedon

your

naturejourneyAbusinessguidetonatureKPMGInternationalDecember2023ContentsIntroducing

nature

and

biodiversity03Why

work

with

KPMG?

Our

specialistsare

here

to

help

make

a

difference2112345Emerging

regulations,

standards

andframeworks10Timely

insights

into

today’s

reality

andhow

to

respond2310

most

commonly

asked

questions

onhow

to

start

your

nature

journey17Getting

started

onyour

nature

journey2?

2023

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entities

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no

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to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.IntroducingNature

&BiodiversityGetting

started

onyour

nature

journey3?

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by

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entities.

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entities

provide

no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.Introducing

nature

and

biodiversityThe

pressureon

theplanet’s

natural

environment

hassoaredinrecent

decadesand

itsalarming

impact

israisingunprecedented

questionsabouttheworld’sfuture

health

andprosperity.

With

six

out

ofnineplanetary

boundariesbreached,

we

now

face

a

highrisk

of

sudden

orirreversible

environmentalchanges—

induced

by

human

activities.

WWF’s

LivingPlanetReport

2022states

thatwe

have

lost

69percentof

wildlife

populations

and

an

83percentdeclineoffreshwater

speciespopulations.The

WEF’s

GlobalRisksReport

2023,

meanwhile,cautions

that

the

next

decade

will

be

characterizedby

environmental

and

social

crises

demandingdecisive

action.

Biodiversity

loss

and

ecosystemcollapsearenow

among

thefastest-growing

globalrisksover

the

next

decade.What

is

nature

and

biodiversity

and

why

is

itimportant

for

businesses?Nature

canbe

understood

througha

construct

offourrealms

—

ocean,

land,freshwater

and

atmosphere—andsociety

depends

on

andimpactseach.

Thegraphic

onthefollowing

pageillustratesthebene?tsofbiodiversityandnatural

capital,

aswell

astoday’skey

drivers

ofbiodiversitylossasde?nedby

IPBES(Intergovernmental

science-policyPlatform

onBiodiversityandEcosystem

Services).The

state

ofchange

is

sosevere

thatwe

have

putthe

planet’s

veryfuture

at

risk.

This

alarmingandunprecedentedtrend

could

ripple

through

theglobalizedeconomy

—

undermining

the

ability

ofpeople,communities,

businessesandeconomiestothrive.What

is

Nature?Natureincludesboththeliving

(biodiversity)

and

non-living

components(water,

soil,air)ofecosystems.Naturecanbeunderstoodthrougha

constructoffourrealms:LandOceanWaterAtmosphereWhat

is

Biodiversity?Withinnature,biodiversityisthediversityoflife

onEarth,includingthediversityofecosystems,speciesandgenes.Biodiversityisakey

indicatortounderstandthestatusandintactnessofnature.EcosystemsSpeciesGenesGetting

started

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journey4?

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entities.

KPMG

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entities

provide

no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.Most

companies,investors

andlenders

today

inadequatelyaccount

for

nature-related

risks

andopportunities

in

their

decisions.Taskforce

onNature-relatedFinancialDisclosures(TNFD)Getting

started

onyour

nature

journey5?

2023

Copyright

owned

by

one

or

more

of

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KPMG

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entities.

KPMG

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entities

provide

no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.Why

is

nature

and

biodiversity

important

foryour

business?Allbusinessesdepend

onnature

and

its

services.Those

highly

reliantonnature

aremostatriskfromtheharmfulandcostlyconsequences

ofnature

degradationandbiodiversityloss.

Biodiversitylossaffects

companiesacrossallsectors.Inadditiontomany

businessesbeingdirectlydependentonnature

andbiodiversityfor

theiroperationsandservices,

mostbusinessesalsodependonnature

indirectlythroughtheirsupplychains.Nature

and

biodiversity

can

be

further

introduced

byconsidering

the

following

three

aspects:1Natural

capital

provides

ecosystem

servicesthat

support

society

and

business,

whilehuman

activities

drive

its

loss

(Refer

to

page

7)2Biodiversity

loss

can

impose

economic

risksto

companies

across

sectors

(Refer

to

page

8)As

well

asa

risk

tobusinesses,

nature

and

biodiversityshouldalso

be

consideredanopportunity.

Innovative

newinitiatives

toprotect

natureand

biodiversitycouldgeneratebusiness

opportunities

worth

US$10trillion

annuallyandcreatemore

than

400

million

jobsglobally

by2030.

Nature-relatedopportunities

are

fast

evolving—

including

nature-positive

?nancing

mechanismsthatpresentstrategicopportunitiesto

investin

natureand

biodiversity.3Climate

and

nature

are

inextricably

linked,making

nature

a

key

lever

to

meet

climategoals

(Refer

to

page

9)Getting

started

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journey6?

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to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.1.

Natural

capital

provides

ecosystem

services

that

supportsociety

and

business,

while

human

activities

drive

its

lossEcosystem

services

to

humansHuman

activities

driving

nature

and

biodiversity

lossNatureandbiodiversitycreateecosystemswhichprovideservicesthatarefundamentaltohumanwell-being.Theseservicescanbegroupedintodifferentcategories:Oursocietydependson,aswellasimpactsnatureandbiodiversity—

affectingtheservicesecosystemscanprovide.DriversofbiodiversitylossExampleofimpactProvisioning

servicesMaterialbene?ts,suchasenergy,food,energyandraw

materials.Land,

freshwater

andsea

use

changeLandusechangeimpactinghabitats,erosionand?oodriskRegulating

servicesDirect

exploitationResourceexploitationaffectingwateravailabilityandriverquality.Bene?tsobtainedfrom

theregulationofecosystem

processes,suchascarbonsequestration,moderationofextremeweatherevents.Climate

changePollutionIncreaseinoceantemperaturesimpactinghabitatsof?shCultural

servicesNon-material

bene?tspeoplegainfromecosystemsthatenhancemental

andphysicalhealth,suchasspiritualandculturalbene?ts,asenseofplaceandbelonging.Acidraincausesdamagetoaquaticecosystems,soilandvegetationSupporting

servicesIntroduction

ofinvasive

speciesNecessaryfortheproductionofallotherecosystem

services,suchasnutrientcycling,soilformationandpollination.IntroductionofinvasivespeciesimpactingsecurityofresourcesSources:

KPMG

adaptedfromIPBESGlobal

Assessment,

2019Getting

started

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journey7?

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entities.

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entities

provide

no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.2.

Biodiversity

loss

can

impose

economic

risks

tocompanies

across

sectorsBusinessandinvestment

activitiescan

directlyandindirectlydrive

nature

loss,

which

creates

risks

—

and

opportunities

—

for

business

andsociety.

It’s

key

that

we

starttorecognize

nature’s

value

to

businessandsociety,

and

protectandregenerate

our

natural

assets.

As

raw

materialsandecosystems

suffer,

businessesface

key

physical

andtransitionrisks,such

asmarket

risks,

operationalrisks

and

reputationrisks.Industries

and

keyhuman

activities:Financingand

investingExploitation

leadingto

biodiversity

loss?

FisheryImpactsProvides?

Agriculture?

EnergyBiodiversityandnature?

MiningTransmissionchannels?

Infrastructure?

ForestryDependenciesRaw

materials,ecosystemservices?

ConsumergoodsPhysical

and

transition

risksExample1.2.3.Increaselikelihood

ofdisruption

ofactivitiesandvalue

chains—businessrisk4.CreditrisksMarketrisksLossesinOperationalrisksImpactsonmainbusinessactivitiesLiquidity

risks

ReputationalCashriskIncreaseddeforestationalongthe?oodplain

ofariver

duetolandclearanceRiskpro?leIncreasedriskfor

?nancialinstitutions

duetoon-accountedphysical

risksintheirriskLosingthecreditqualityof

on-andoff-?xedincomeholdingsshortfallsorchallengesinobtainingre?nancingLosingchanges

duetoanincreasedinobservederosionand?ooding

alongtheriverbankrevenuesduetolossofbuyersand/orclientsbalance-sheetpositionsduetoprice?uctuationsassessmentGetting

started

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to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.3.

Climate

and

nature

are

inextricably

linked,

making

naturea

key

lever

to

meet

climate

goalsClimateandNature

areinextricably

linked.

One-thirdof

the

carbonemissionsreductions

needed

in

the

next

decade,

could

beachieved

by

conserving

andrestoring

forests,peatlands,andothernatural

resources

thatsequestercarbonemissions.Similarly,

climatechange

andnature

lossalso

impacteach

another.

The

assessment

andmitigation

ofriskstherefore

canbene?t

from

anintegratedapproach.Nature

Positive

OutcomesProtection

and

conservation

ofcriticalhabitatsandecosystemsprovidesbene?tstonaturebutcanrestrictclimatemitigationeffortsNature

positive

solutions

cansupport

the

deliveryof

NetZerothroughcarbonsequestrationandreducedGHGemissionsExample:A

permitfora

hydropowerplantisdeniedduetheprotectedstatusofa

riverandthelocalenergysystem

remainsreliantonExample:Therestorationofa

peatlandhabitatbene?tsnaturethroughthereturnofthenativehabitatandpromotesthecapacityofthepeatlandtosequesterandstorecarbon01

02fossilfuels.ClimatePositiveOutcomesIncreasedClimateChangeClimatechangedrivesnaturelossasecosystemsareunable

to

adapt

andescapefrom

theimpactsofclimatechangeActionsundertakentocombat

climatechangecanhavenegative

impacts

onnatureExample:Bioenergycanprovidea

lowcarbonfuelsourcebuttypicallyrequireslargemonocultureplantationswhichhaveExample:Increasedtemperaturesandreducedrainfallareincreasingtheincidenceofwild03?resabovenaturallevels,permanently04

overwhelminglynegativeimpactsondestroyingvulnerableecosystemsandwildlife.biodiversity.Increased

Nature

LossGetting

started

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journey9?

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entities.

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no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.Emergingregulations,standards

andframeworksGetting

started

onyour

nature

journey10?

2023

Copyright

owned

by

one

or

more

of

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KPMG

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entities.

KPMG

International

entities

provide

no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.Emerging

regulations,

standards

and

frameworks

provideboth

requirements

and

tools

to

help

take

action

for

natureThe

nature

agendaismoving

ata

much

faster

pacethanwe

have

witnessedwiththeglobalclimateagendainamuch-needed

effort

tocatch

up.Governments,

regulators,standard

setters

andindustry

bodiesarerespondingtothesigni?cantrisksposedby

nature

loss—

issuingnew

globalpolicies,regulations,standards

andtools.Key

regulatory

and

reporting

timelinesNatureandbiodiversityriskmanagementisanincreasinglysigni?cantexpectationforbusinessesasofend2023globallyasclearerregulationsemerge.The

recentlylaunchedTNFDrecommendationsandEUDR,aswellasupcomingISSBTM

standardsandCSDDD,

providecompanieswithclearrulestooperatewithin,andcanfacilitatetheinclusionofnatureinbusinessmodelsandstrategies.Key

developments

inthisspacearethelandmarkGlobalBiodiversityFramework

(GBF)adoptedin2023,aswellasframeworks

for

companiestoassessanddiscloseonbiodiversityinthevalue

chain

such

astheCorporateSustainability

Reporting

Directive

(CSRD)andtheTaskforceonNature-related

FinancialDisclosures(TNFD)recommendationsthathelpbusinessesassessanddisclosetheirnature-relatedimpacts,risks,dependenciesandopportunities.20152017

201920202021202220232024

2025+TCFDTNFDISSB

(Gen

Req.

/

Climate-related

Dis.)Global

Biodiversity

FrameworkOna

globallevel,

the?rstIFRS?Sustainability

DisclosureStandards

markthenext

steptowards

equalprominencefor

sustainability

and?nancialreporting.

It’s

akey

milestoneintheInternationalSustainability

Standards

Board

(ISSB)’svision—

tocreatea

globalbaselineofinvestor-focusedsustainability

reportingthatlocaljurisdictionscanbuildon.CSRDCSDDDECB

GuideEU

TaxonomyEU

Deforestation

Regulation***IntheEU,

theCSRDandtheupcomingCorporateSustainability

DueDiligenceDirective

(CSDDD),EUNatureRestoration

Law

andEUDeforestationRegulation

(EUDR)willallimpacttheway

businesseshave

tomanageandaddressbiodiversityintheirvalue

chain.SECEstablished/ConsultationResponse

andlaunch

ofstandardCurrentregulationIncoming

regulationVoluntary

disclosure*The

PRA

showsbothSS319in

block,and

demonstratesthecurrentexploratoryworktheyareunde-

rtakingto

quantifynature-related?nancialriskforUKplcandproviderecommendationsto

theFinancialPolicyCommittee.Inthissection,thefollowing

key

policies,regulationsandframeworks

for

nature

andbiodiversitywillbeexplored:**

Thetransitionplantaskforcehasreleasedguidanceontheimportance

ofintegratingnatureintonetzerotransitionplans.***

Currentproposalsonlyapplyto

corporatesand

not

?nancedactivities,butarerelevantforbanksclientsand

customers.The

above

timelines

set

out

expected

dates

for

adoption,

which

may

slip.

It

should

be

noted

that

for

somea

?rm’s

initial

reportingmay

be

up

to

12+

months

after

these

dates.????Global

Policy

Framework:

GBFInternational

standard:ISSB’s

IFRSEU

regulations:CSRD,CSDDDVoluntary

frameworks:TNFD,Science

BasedTargets

for

Nature

(SBTN)Getting

started

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entities.

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entities

provide

no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.Global

Policy

FrameworksThe

Global

Biodiversity

FrameworkFour

overarching

global

goals

Twenty-three

targets:for

2050:TheKunming-MontrealGlobalBiodiversityFramework

(GBF)isakey

developmentinthebiodiversityjourney.

AdoptedinDecember,2022,theGBFisaninternationalblueprintaimedathaltingandreversingnaturelossby

2030.

Atotalof188

governmentshave

endorsedtheGBFandarecommittedtoaddressingtheongoingimpactonbiodiversity.TheGBFstronglycallsfor

‘urgentactiontohaltandreversebiodiversityloss’andsetsoutfouroverarchinggoalsfor

2050:Target

1.

Biodiversity-inclusivespatial

planning,

“near-zeroloss”Target

2.

Restore30%of

degradednatureby

2030Target

3.

Conserve30%of

land,

rivers,

lakesandseasby

2030Target

4.

Halt

andreversehuman-inducedextinctionof

speciesTarget

5.

Stopunsustainableuse,

harvest,

andtradeof

speciesTarget

6.

Reducealienspeciesspreadby

at

least

50%by

2030Target

12.

Increasethearea,

qualityandconnectivityof

urbangreen/bluespacesNature

loss

ishalted

and

on

theway

to

recoveryATarget7.Reduce

pollutionrisksanditsnegative

impacts

on

biodiversity

by

at

least50%by

2030Target8.Goal

Minimize

the

impact

of

climate

change

and

ocean

acidi?cationonbiodiversityTarget9.Ensure

that

the

management

and

use

of

wildspecies

aresustainableTarget10.Using

biodiversity-friendly

practices

in

agri-

and

aquaculture,

?sheries,forestryTarget16.Halve

global

food

waste

by

2030

and

support

sustainable

consumptionTarget14.Integrateand

mainstream

biodiversityinto

all

policies

and

regulationsBiodiversity

issustainablyused

and

managedfor

the

bene?t

ofpresent

and

futuregenerations1.

Thatglobalnaturelossishaltedandputonthepathtorecovery;B2.

Biodiversityissustainablymanagedforpresentandfuturegenerations;3.

Monetaryandnon-monetarybene?tsofbiodiversityareequitablyshared;Target

11.

Restoreandenhancenature’sgoods

andservicesthat

arebene?cialfor

peopleTarget

13.

Fair

andequitablesharingof

bene?tsof

geneticresourcesby

2030Target

21.

Ensurefairandequitableaccesstodata,

technology,

scienceandbene?tsTarget

22.

Ensurerespect

andaccesstoindigenouscommunitiesandculturesTarget

23.

Ensuregender

equalityat

all

levelsof

action,

policyanddecision-makingrelatedtobiodiversityThe

monetaryand

nonmonetarybene?ts

ofbiodiversity

areshared

fairly4.

FinanceandresourcesaremobilizedandalignedtofullyimplementtheGBF.CThesegoalsarethenunderpinnedby

23speci?ctargets.and

equitablyGovernmentsarenow

requiredtotaketheframeworkandtransposeitatthenationalleveltodemonstratetheirprogressandcontributionstotheframework.Target

15.

Ensurethat

businessesand?nancial

institutionsmonitor,

assessanddisclosetheir

biodiversityrisks,

impactsanddependenciesFinance

andresources

aremobilized

andaligned

to

fullyimplement

theGlobal

BiodiversityFrameworkTarget

17.countriesTarget

18.Target

19.Establishcapacityfor

theimplementationof

biosafetymeasuresinallAlmostalltargetsintheGBFarerelevantforbusinesses.InparticularTarget15

outlinesexpectationsfor

business’reportingover

theirfullvaluechain.Itunderscorestheprivatesector’scrucialroleinadvancingthegoals,emphasizingtheirclearresponsibilitytocontributetoitsachievement.DPhaseout

andeliminatebiodiversitydamagingsubsidiesMobilize?nancial

resourcestorestorebiodiversity>US$200

billionperyear

by

2030Target

20.

Strengthencapacitybuildinganddevelopment

for

biodiversityconservationSource:KPMGadaptedfrom

Kunming-Montreal

GlobalBiodiversityFramework,

CBD

(2023)Getting

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entities.

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entities

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services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.International

StandardsInternational

Sustainability

Standards

BoardTo

read

more

on

how

to

prepare

for

ISSB

sustainabilitydisclosure,

please

refer

to

our

report

“Get

ready

for

ISSBSustainability

Disclosures”.The

ISSBaimstoseta

globalbaselineof‘sustainability-related?nancialdisclosures’.This

type

ofdisclosureisdifferent

frombroadersustainability

reporting—

e.g.

GlobalReporting

Initiative

(GRI)standards

—

becauseitfocusesontheinformation

needsofinvestors

andconnectivity

withinformation

inthe?nancialstatements.The

new

standards

becomeeffective

from1

January

2024,butitisfor

localjurisdictionstodecidewhetherandwhentomandateadoption.The

‘climate?rst’transitionreliefallows

companiestoreportononlyclimate-relatedrisksandopportunities

inthe?rstyear,

andreportonallsustainability-related

risksandopportunities

inthesecondyear.The

ISSBbelieves

thereisa

potentialneedfor

a

biodiversityresearch

projectamidthefollowing

reportingchallenges

inmeetinginvestors’

needs:???De?ning,

organizingandcategorizingbiodiversitytopicsandsubtopicsinthecontext

ofbusinessandsustainability-related

disclosures,andthelack

ofconsensusonprioritiesfor

standard-setting;The

overlap

withothersustainability-related

risksandopportunities

—

for

example,

thoserelatedtoGHGemissionsorsocioeconomicaspectssuch

asaccesstowater

andland;Biodiversityrisksandopportunities

vary

signi?cantlyamongvarious

industries,sectorsandgeographiclocations.Getting

started

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journey13?

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entities.

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entities

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no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.Relevant

EU

RegulationsCorporate

Sustainability

Reporting

DirectiveWill

CSRD

apply

to

my

business?Corporate

Sustainability

Due

Diligence

DirectiveAttheEUlevel,

theEuropean

Union’s

CorporateThe

EuropeanCommissionhasagreedontheCorporateSustainabilityDueDiligenceDirective(CSDDD),aimingtolegislativelybindcompanies,includingthosein?nancialservices,toshowcasetheircommitmenttoenvironmentalprotectionandhumanrights.The

CSDDD,ifadopted,mandatescompaniestoidentify,prevent,andaddresstheactualandpotentialimpactsoftheiractivitiesontheenvironmentandhumanrights.When:

Phased

introductionofCSRDwillstart

onSustainabilityReporting

Directive

(CSRD)was?nalized

inDecember2022.

The

directive

requiresdetailed

reporting

relatedtoenvironmental,

social,andgovernance

topics.

The

preparationof

anESGreportthatmeetstherequirements

oftheCSRDcomeswithitsown

challenges

andopportunities.The

doublemateriality

assessment

isa

key

elementin

CSRDreportinganddeterminesto

a

largeextentthereportingscope.

Companieswillhave

toidentifytheirimpacts

anddependenciestobiodiversityandnature

alongthevalue

chain.

Ifa

nature-

orbiodiversity-relatedissueisidenti?ed

asmaterial,a

moredetailedassessmentshould

be

undertakento

determinetheimplicationsfor

reporting.

For

more

details

on

howto

prepare

for

CSRD

reporting,

read

our

report“Getready

for

the

Corporate

Sustainability

ReportingDirective”.1

January

2024

with

largePublic

InterestEntities(PIEs),followed

by

otherlargecompaniesin2025.Who:

Ultimately,

ESRSs

will

beapplied

by

(groupexemptions

may

apply):???LargeEUcompanies:

those

that

exceed

twoofthree

criteriaincludingEU

and

non-EUsubsidiaries:

250

employees,

net

revenue

of

EUR40m

ortotal

assets

of

EUR

20

million;The

directiveaimstocultivatesustainablecorporatepractices,integratingbiodiversityconsiderationsintooperationalstrategiesandgovernance.Mostcompanieswith

listedsecurities

onEU-regulatedmarkets

(irrespective

ofwhetherthey

arebasedinthe

EUornot—

withexceptions);

andInalignmentwiththeEuropeanGreenDealanditsclimateobjectives,theCSDDDadherestointernationalenvironmentalstandards,encompassingviolationsrelatedtobiodiversity,such

asthehandlingofwasteanduseofbiologicalresources.CompaniescanproactivelyenhanceexistingpracticestoalignwithCSDDD.Ultimatenon-EUparent

companieswithacombinedgroupturnover

in

theEUofmorethanEUR150

million.For

more

details

on

CSDDD,refer

to

our

insights

onour

websiteEU

TaxonomyThe

EU

taxonomy

describesa

framework

to

classifyeconomic

activitiesassustainable.

Itaims

to

createacommonlanguageto

direct

investments

in

economicactivitiesessentialfor

the

transition,aligningwiththe

EuropeanGreenDealobjectives.

Oneofthe

sixenvironmentalobjectives

covers

the

“Protection

andrestoration

of

biodiversity

and

ecosystems”.To

beclassi?ed

asa

sustainable

economicactivity,a

companymustnot

only

contribute

to

atleastone

environmentalobjective

but

alsomustnot

violate

theremainingones.Alongside

the

EU

Taxonomy,

strategies

shouldcomply

with

the

EU

Biodiversity

Strategy

for

2030and

the

GBF.Getting

started

onyour

nature

journey14?

2023

Copyright

owned

by

one

or

more

of

the

KPMG

International

entities.

KPMG

International

entities

provide

no

services

to

clients.

All

rights

reserved.International

Voluntary

Disclosure

FrameworksTaskforce

for

Nature-related

Financial

Disclosures

(TNFD)The

TNFD

provides

aninstructive

risk-management

anddisclosureframework

for

organizations.

The

recommendations

aimto

facilitatethe

integrationofnature

intodecision-makingprocessestodrive

positive

impactson

nature

and

biodiversity.

The

framework

encouragesintegrated

disclosures

viafour

pillars:

governance,

strategy,

riskmanagement,metrics

andtarge