Unit5ReadingandThinking課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解課件-高中英語堂（人教版2019）（選擇性）

FIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandisitslargestorgan.Yourskinactsasabarrieragainstdisease,toxins,andthesun’srays.Italsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature,preventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater,warnsyouwhenthingsaretoohotorcold,andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Asyoucanimagine,gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsisgiving

firstaid.皮膚是人體必不可少的一部分，也是人體最大的器官。皮膚充當(dāng)著一道屏障的作用，能阻擋疾病、毒素和太陽光線的侵入。皮膚還有助于控制體溫，防止身體流失過多的水分，在外物過熱或過冷時(shí)發(fā)出警告，并使你擁有觸覺。正如你能想象的，灼傷會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重后果。在處理燒傷時(shí)，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。beessentialto/for對(duì)…至關(guān)重要的充當(dāng)warningn.警告bringabout;resultin;contributeto;givesbfirstaid/givefirstaidtosb對(duì)某人進(jìn)行急救人體必不可少的一部分最大的器官充當(dāng)；擔(dān)當(dāng)n.光線;光束;(熱、電等)射線一道阻擋疾病屏障毒素太陽光線控制體溫，阻止...做某事觸覺燒傷導(dǎo)致，造成正如你能想象的首先也是最重要的急救anessentialpartofbody

thelargestorgan

actas

rayabarrieragainstdisease

toxins

thesun'srays.

controlbodytemperature

prevent…from…

senseoftouch

getburnt

leadto

asyoucanimagine

thefirstandmostimportant

firstaidfirstandforemost首要的是，首先lastbutnotleast最后但同樣重要的Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandisitslargestorgan.Yourskinactsasabarrieragainstdisease,toxins,andthesun'srays.Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson.Technologycanserveasabridgetoconnecttwoworldsactas=workas=serveas充當(dāng)；擔(dān)任；扮演Italsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature,prevents

yourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater,warnsyouwhenthingsaretoohotorcold,andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，句中helps,prevents,warns和gives是and連接的四個(gè)并列謂語。whenthingsaretoohotorcold是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，修飾動(dòng)詞warns。1.senseoftouch觸覺senseoftouch/smell/hearing/taste觸覺/嗅覺/聽覺/味覺asenseofresponsibility/direction/belonging/achievement/satisfaction/humor責(zé)任感/方向感/歸屬感/成就感/滿足感/幽默感commonsense

常識(shí)inasense=inaway

從某種意義上說makesense

講得通；有意義

sthmakesensetosb

某物對(duì)某人有意義sbmakesenseofsth某人理解/明白某物Thereisnosense/pointindoingsth.=Itdoesn’tmakesensetodosth

做某事沒意義讀句探究Itdoesn’tmakesensetoarguewithhim.。Hissenseoftouchgraduallytooktheplaceofsight.It’scommonsensetodressmorewarmlywhenitgetscold.即學(xué)即練1)Thereisnosense__________(worry)aboutsuchathing.2)Thiscanhelpyoumakesense__________herpastexperiences.

3)It_______(make)sensetobuythemostup-to-dateversion.買最新的版本是明智的。4)______nosensecantheissuebesaidtoberesolved.無論如何這個(gè)問題都不能說已經(jīng)解決了。of

worryingmakesInprevent…(from)doingsth.keep…fromdoingsth.stop…(from)doingsth.protect…from/against…保護(hù)……免受……阻止……做某事【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Thereisnodenyingthatsunglassescanhelp________________________________(以保護(hù)眼睛免受傷害).2)Anyhow,childrenshouldbe____________________

_________________________________(阻止孩子們玩火).prevent/stopyoureyesbeingharmed

prevented/kept/stoppedfromplayingwithfire2.prevent...from...

2.表示“本質(zhì)的，根本的，（人或事最重要的）基本特征”。3.essentialadj.必不可少的，非常重要的；essential”作形容詞Wecan'tlivewithoutwater.It's

essential.Previousworkexperienceis

essential

ifyou'dliketoapplyforthisjob.It'sabeautifuloldhouse.Wedon'twanttochangeits

essential

character.Thiscompanyhasfailedduetoits

essential

misconceptionabouttheglobalmarket.可表示“必要的，不可或缺的”。essentialadj.必不可少的，非常重要的；Makesureyouunderstandallthe

essentials

ofavalidcontractbeforesigningone.essential”作可數(shù)名詞essential

表示“必需品，不可缺少的東西”，常復(fù)1.Whenwegocamping,weonlytakeafew

essentials

withus.

2.Theyarecallingfordonationsofwinter

essentials

likeblanketsandwarmclothing.

essential還可“要素，要點(diǎn)”。常復(fù),“theessentialsof”.

Asyoucanimagine,gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代后面的內(nèi)容，“正如……”，“就像……”可以位于句首、句中或句末。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句不能放句首。句意：可想而知，燒傷會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重后果。例1.眾所周知，中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。___________,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.例2.正如我們所預(yù)料的，他考試不及格。______________,hefailedintheexam.例3.正如報(bào)道的那樣，兩國間的談判正在取得進(jìn)展。____________,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.AsweknowAsweexpectedAsisreported1.Asyoucanimagine1.Asisknowntousall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.2.Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetold.3.Astimegoeson,hewillunderstandwhatIsaid.4.Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.5.DoastheRomansdowheninRome.6.Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureasareallother

animalsontheearth.你知道as

都能引導(dǎo)什么從句嗎？非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句方式狀語從句讓步狀語從句比較狀語從句2.getburntget常與過去分詞連用(尤其是形容詞化的過去分詞)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)的變化，即動(dòng)作的結(jié)果?！癵et+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見搭配有g(shù)etlost、getstuck、getarrested、getcaught、getbroken、getdressed、getmarried等。除了get之外，become和grow等動(dòng)詞也有類似用法。Soontheroombecamecrowded.Myeyessoongrewaccustomedtothedarkness.Workersinurbanareasusuallygetpaidbythehour.Don'tplaywithknives.Youmightgethurt.Thestudentsaregettingpreparedforthesportsmeet.Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandisitslargestorgan.Yourskinactsasabarrieragainstdisease,toxins,andthesun'srays.Italsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature,preventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater,warnsyouwhenthingsaretoohotorcold,andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.

Asyoucanimagine,gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsisgivingfirstaid.

皮膚是人體必不可少的一部分，也是人體最大的器官。皮膚充當(dāng)著一道屏障的作用，能阻擋疾病、毒素和太陽光線的侵入。皮膚還有助于控制體溫，防止身體流失過多的水分，在外物過熱或過冷時(shí)發(fā)出警告，并使你擁有觸覺。可想而知，灼傷會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重后果。在處理燒傷時(shí)，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。閱讀是我們?nèi)松夭豢缮俚囊徊糠?，也是最有意義的活動(dòng)。閱讀充當(dāng)著一道屏障的作用，能阻擋人生中孤獨(dú)感、空虛感和悲傷的侵入。閱讀還有助于控制人的情緒，防止人暴躁發(fā)怒，在人的情緒瀕臨崩潰時(shí)發(fā)出警告，并使你擁有安寧感?？上攵?，閱讀會(huì)促使人獲得充實(shí)的人生。閱讀是我們?nèi)松夭豢缮俚囊徊糠?，也是最有意義的活動(dòng)。閱讀充當(dāng)著一道屏障的作用，能阻擋人生中孤獨(dú)感、空虛感和悲傷的侵入。閱讀還有助于控制人的情緒，防止人暴躁發(fā)怒，在人的情緒瀕臨崩潰時(shí)發(fā)出警告，并使你擁有安寧感?？上攵喿x會(huì)促使人獲得充實(shí)的人生。Readingisanessentialpartof

ourlifeandisthemostmeaningfulactivity.Reading

actsasabarrier

againstthesenseofloneliness,emptinessandsadness.Italsohelpscontrolyouremotion,preventsyoufrom

losingyourtemper,warnsyouwhenyouareonthevergeofmentalbreakdown,andgivesyouyoursenseofpeace.Asyoucanimagine,readingcanleadtoafruitfullinglife.CAUSESOFBURNSYoucangetburntbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation,thesun,electricity,acids,orotherchemicals.Para.2燒傷的原因:各種各樣?xùn)|西都會(huì)造成燒傷:灼熱的液體、蒸汽、明火、輻射、太陽光、電流、酸性物質(zhì)或其他化學(xué)品。getburnt

被燒傷avarietyof

各種各樣的radiation

n.輻射;放射線acid

n.酸adj.酸的;酸性的chemicals(常復(fù))化學(xué)品；化學(xué)制品Youcangetburntbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation,thesun,electricity,acids,orotherchemicals.avarietyof各種各樣的=varietiesof＝variousPeoplechangetheirmindforavarietyofreasons.1._________(variety)ofheavyindustriesgrewupalongsidetheport.2.Afterheleftschool,hetriedhishandat__________(vary)jobs.3.Thepriceofthevegetables______________theseasons.蔬菜的價(jià)格隨季節(jié)而變化。VarietiesvariousvarywithTYPESOFBURNSBurnsaredividedintothreetypes,dependingonthedepthofskindamage.First-degreeburnsTheseaffectonlythetopfewmillimetresofskin.Theseburnsarenotserious.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbyotherminor

householdincidents.Second-degreeburnsThesegobelowthetoplayeroftheskin.Theyareseriousandtakeafewweekstogetbetter.Examplesincludebums

causedbyhotliquids.Third-degreeburnsTheseaffecteverylayeroftheskin,andsometimesthetissueunderit.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orpetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinternalinjuriesandthevictimmustgotothehospitalatonce.Para.3severityadj.內(nèi)在的rightaway立刻;馬上燒傷的種類:根據(jù)皮膚損傷的深度，燒傷可被分為三類。一度燒傷:僅傷及最上層幾毫米的皮膚。此類燒傷并不嚴(yán)重，如輕度的曬傷和其他輕微家庭事故造成的灼傷。二度燒傷:這傷及最上層皮膚以下的部位。此類燒傷較為嚴(yán)重，需要數(shù)周時(shí)間才能康復(fù)，如灼熱的液體造成的燒傷。三度燒傷:傷及每一層皮膚，有時(shí)甚至傷及皮下組織，如因電擊灼傷、衣服著火造成的燒傷，或汽油起火造成的燒傷。此類燒傷會(huì)引起非常嚴(yán)重的內(nèi)部損傷，傷者必須立即送往醫(yī)院。被分成...取決于n.毫米;千分之一adj.較小的;次要的;輕微的家庭事故最上層皮膚以下的部位灼熱的液體造成的燒傷每一層皮膚因電擊灼傷汽油起火此類燒傷會(huì)嚴(yán)重的內(nèi)部損傷傷者立即bedividedinto...dependonmillimetre

minorhouseholdincidents.

belowthetoplayeroftheskin.

burnscausedbyhotliquids.

everylayeroftheskin

burnscausedbyelectricshocks

petrolfires.

severeinternalinjuries

victim

atonce

minorityn.少數(shù)

aminorityof少量的beina/theminority

占少數(shù)反義詞majormajorityn.多數(shù)dependon依靠；依賴=relyondependonsbtodosth依靠某人做某事dependonitthat+從句

相信……Youcoulddependonitthathewashonest.

(1)________(hear)thenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.

(2)________(work)hard,youwillsucceed.

(3)______(see)nobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.

(4)Herhusbanddiedin1942,_______(leave)herwithfivechildren.dependingon為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作___________。方式狀語HearingWorkingSeeingleavingBurnsaredividedintothreetypes,dependingonthedepthofskindamage.根據(jù)皮膚損傷的深度，燒傷或燙傷可分為三種類型。Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbyotherminorhouseholdincidents.如輕度的曬傷和其他輕微家庭事故造成的燒傷。causedby為過去分詞短語作________。定語Theboy__________(name)Tomwashurtinthecaraccident.Thebuilding__________

(complete)lastmonthisourschoollibrary.Themeeting__________

(hold)nowisofgreatimportance.Themeeting__________(hold)tomorrowwillbeputoff.tobeheldnamedcompletedbeingheld即學(xué)即練1.Despitethis,hecontiuedtoworkasavolunteer,helpingproviderelieftopeople_________(catch)upinwar.2.ZhanTianyou,now_________(know)astheFatherofChina’sRilroad,servedhiscountryfor31years,improvinglifeformillionsofpeople.3.In1872,a12-year-oldChineseboyboardedaship________(head)fortheUSA.4.Asweflowdowntheriver,wearesurroundedbysteephills________(stick)upintothesky---karsts(喀斯特).caughtknownheadingstickingPeopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,_______(use)twigstoremoveit.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice__________(improve)waterquality.Everyonewassilent,_________(wait)toseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhis/herparagraphaloud.Whenwegotacall_____(say)shewasshort-listed(入圍),wethoughtitwasajoke.________________(bite)twicebythedog,themanrefusedtodeliverthelettertous.5.Then,_________(stand)behindZhang,ChendidtheHeimlichmanoeuvre6.Tosolvethisproblem,in1974,anAmericandoctor,HenryHeimilich,createdtheHeimilichmanoeuvre,_________(save)thousandsoflivesaroundtheworld.7._________(grab)yourfistwithyourotherhandtightly,pushupandintohisstomachinonemotion.8.Removeanyclothes_______(use)scissors.

standingsavingGrabbingusing非謂語動(dòng)詞---鏈接高考usingtoimprovewaitingsayingHavingbeenbittenSuchpersonsarecertainlyintheminority.。Onlyaminorityofyoungpeopleplayclassicalinstruments.minoradj.較小的；次要的；輕微的(1)minorityn．少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族aminorityof少量的；少數(shù)的beina/theminority占少數(shù)(2)majoradj.主要的；較多的(3)majorityn．大半；大多數(shù)1)WheredeathshaveoccurredamongthewildpopulationduetoH5N1infection,onlya__________(minor)ofbirdsappeartohavebeenaffected.2)The__________(major)ofpeopleinterviewedpreferTVtoradio.4)Onlyasmallminorityofstudents__________(be)interestedinpoliticsthesedays.

前，只有極少數(shù)同學(xué)對(duì)政治感興趣。5)Eveninthe1960s,politicallyactivestudentsandacademicswerein_____minority.

即使是在20世紀(jì)60年代，政治上活躍的學(xué)生和高校教師也是占少數(shù)。majorityminorityinis/areCHARACTERISTICSOFBURNS燒傷的特點(diǎn)First-degreeburns一度燒傷:dry,red,andmildlyswollen

干燥、發(fā)紅、微腫mildlypainful微痛turnwhitewhenpressed受壓時(shí)變白Second-degreeburns二度燒傷:redandswollen;blisters;waterysurface

發(fā)紅、腫脹;起水泡;表層滲水;

extremelypainful

極度疼痛Para.4swollenadj.(身體部位)腫脹的

swellvi(swelled--swollen)腫脹;膨脹swellup

膨脹mildly輕微地Third-degreeburnsblackandwhiteswollen;thetissueunderneathcanoftenbeseenlittleornopainifnervesaredamaged;maybepainfularoundtheedges

oftheburn三度燒傷:皮膚發(fā)黑或變白;腫脹;通?？梢娖は陆M織;如神經(jīng)受損，則微痛或無痛感;創(chuàng)面邊緣或有痛感Para.4aroundtheedgesof

在...邊緣cause/dodamageto對(duì)..造成傷害FIRST-AIDTREATMENT急救處理1Placeburnsundercoolrunningwater,especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes.Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocessandreducesthepainandswelling.2Drytheburntareagentlywithacleancloth.3Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary,unlessyouseethefabricstickingtotheburntskin.4Covertheburntareawithaloosecleancloth.Applyingoiltotheinjuredareasisabadidea,asitwillkeeptheheatinthewoundsandmaycauseinfection.5Ifburnsareontheface,makesurethevictimcanstillbreathe.6Ifthevictimissufferingfromsecondorthird-degreeburns,thereisanurgentneedtotakehim/hertothehospitalatonce.Para.5placevt.放置gentleadj.溫柔的;溫和的

=easeremovesb/sthfromsth/sb把…從…中移開/拿開beinfectedby/with被…感染/感染上makesurethat+賓語從句sufferfrom遭受/遭遇…1.將燒傷部位放在流動(dòng)的冷水下沖洗，尤其在前十分鐘。冷水沖洗可阻止燒傷進(jìn)程，緩解疼痛和腫脹2.用干凈的布輕輕吸干燒傷部位的水分。3.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉燒傷部位的衣服，除非衣服與被燒傷的皮膚粘連在一起。4.用干凈寬松的布蓋住燒傷部位。在受傷處涂抹油膏不可取，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)阻礙傷口散熱，而且可能引發(fā)感染。5.如果燒傷部位在臉上，應(yīng)確保傷者仍可呼吸。6.如果傷者是遭受二度或三度燒傷，是緊急情況，必須立刻送往醫(yī)院。fabricn.織物;布料stickto

黏住;粘貼looseadj.松的;未系緊的;寬松的apply...to...

把...涂/敷到...;把...運(yùn)用到...causeinfection引發(fā)感染sufferfrom

遭受...;遭遇...2.Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary,unlessyouseethefabric

stickingtotheburntskin.stickto粘??；堅(jiān)持sticktoone’sdream/work堅(jiān)持夢想/履行諾言stickout伸出，突出stuck

adj.卡??；陷（入）；困（于）get/bestuckin陷入……中，困在……中，卡在...里【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)I_________________________(被一道數(shù)學(xué)題難住了),butitdidn’tdepressme.2)Weshould_________________________(堅(jiān)持我們的夢想)inanycase.3)Shemadeafaceand____________________(伸出她的舌頭)athim.gotstuckinamathproblemsticktoourdreamstuckouthertongue2.using作方式狀語，類似dependingonthedepth3.ifnecessary省略句=ifitispossible類似：ifnecessary/ifso/ifnot/ifonly…

stickto粘??；堅(jiān)持sticktoone’sdream堅(jiān)持夢想sticktoone’sword履行諾言Caughtintheheavyrain,herclotheswerestickingtoherbody.她的衣服被雨淋得都粘在身上了。NomatterwhatdifficultiesImeetwith,Iwillsticktomydream.無論遇到什么困難，我都會(huì)堅(jiān)持我的夢想?！咎貏e提醒】stickto中的to為介詞，后面跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。stickto粘??；堅(jiān)持(1)Iwillstick__________myworkuntilit’sfinished.(2)You’dbetterstickto__________(write)novels.Afterall,youhaveagiftforit.writing

tostickto粘住；堅(jiān)持4.…thereisanurgentneedtotakehim/hertothehospitalatonce.Thereisaneedtodosth.有必要做某事:Thereisnoneed(for)sb.todosth.沒必要做某事e.g.Thereisadesperateneedforcash.急需現(xiàn)金。Thereisnoneedtogetangry.ImerelysuggestthatyoushoulddothatagainThereis(no)possibility/chancetodosth.有(沒有)……的可能性/機(jī)會(huì)Thereisnodoubt/sayingthat…毫無疑問……Thereisnotimetodosth.沒時(shí)間做某事Thereisnowaytodosth.沒辦法做某事Thereisnopoint/senseindoingsth.做某事沒意義/沒道理urgentadj.緊急的；急迫的；急切的urgev.催促

urgesb.todo/intodoingsth.

催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.

極力主張...做某事have/feelanurgetodosth.

有強(qiáng)烈欲望做某事

urgentlyadv.

緊急地urgencyn.緊急(的事)incaseofurgency一旦發(fā)生緊急情況Itisurgentthat+主語+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形是很緊迫的Thereisanurgentneedfor/todosth.

迫切需要某物/做某事urgentadj.緊急的；急迫的；急切的HehadurgentbusinessinNewYork.他在紐約有急事。Incaseofurgency,callthepolice.一旦發(fā)生緊急情況，打給警察。Hehadanurgetoopenashopofhisown.他很想自己開一家店。urgentadj.緊急的；急迫的；急切的1)Itisurgentthatfoodandclothing_______________(send)totheflood-strickenarea.

食物和衣物應(yīng)該緊急送往遭受洪水的災(zāi)區(qū)。2)Thereisanurgentneed_____surgicalmasksnow.

現(xiàn)在迫切需要外科口罩。3)Afterthedisaster,peopleinthatarea__________neededsuppliesoffoodandwater.

災(zāi)難過后，那個(gè)地區(qū)的人們急需食物和水的供給。4)Theattackaddedanew__________tothepeacetalks.

這次攻擊事件使和平談判愈加緊迫。5)Thereport________thatallchildren(should)betaughttoswim.

這份報(bào)告呼吁給所有的兒童教授游泳urgently(should)besentforurgencyurgedeasevi.&vt.(使)寬慰；減輕；緩解

n．容易；舒適；自在(1)easeoff減輕；放松easesb.ofsth.使某人消除/減輕……(2)easen．舒適；自在withease容易地；毫不費(fèi)力地atease舒適；自在feelatease感到舒適自在put...atease使……舒適/自在easethepain/stress/tension/burden減輕疼痛/壓力/緊張/負(fù)擔(dān)(3)easyadj.容易的easilyadv.容易地(4)uneasyadj.不安的(5)easy-goingadj.隨和的easevi.&vt.(使)寬慰；減輕；緩解

n．容易；舒適；自在Hepassedtheexamwithease.他輕而易舉地通過了考試。Themedicineeasedhimofthepain.這種藥減輕了他的痛苦。Thiskindofmedicinecaneaseyourpain.這種藥可以減輕你的疼痛。Theroomsaresmallbutmakingyoufeelatease.房間很小，但能讓你感到舒適自在。1)Hewasnervousatfirstbutherwarmwelcomesoonputhim__________ease.2)Theirhelpenabledmetofinishthework__________ease.3)InthefinalgameSweden_____