簡單句基本句型

簡單句基本句型教師：許囡簡單句的五種基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主語+謂語（連系動詞）+表語Helaughed.主語+謂語（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語Shetaughtthemphysics.主語+謂語(vt.)+間接賓語+直接賓語Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

句子成分口訣主謂賓定狀表，

句子成分要清楚。句子主干是主謂，枝葉部分定狀表。定語用在主賓前，謂前為狀系后表。還有助詞的地得，幫助區(qū)分定狀表。1.Shelivedhappily.2.Hestayedawakeallnight.3.Thesunriseseverymorning.4.Youdon'tlookhappy.5.Iunderstandtheprogram.劃分下列句子成分<狀語><表語><狀語><狀語><表語>主語謂語賓語<表語><定語><狀語><補(bǔ)語>6.Sheaskedtoseethemanager.7.Igivehimthebook.8.Iwillreturnthedictionarysoon.9.Wefoundthehouseempty.10.Ourneighboursbuilttheirwallhigh.主語謂語賓語<表語><定語><狀語><補(bǔ)語><狀語><補(bǔ)語><補(bǔ)語>根據(jù)漢語意思擴(kuò)充下列句子1.Imetanurse.（我昨天在大街上遇到了漂亮的護(hù)士。）Yesterday

Imetabeautifulnurseinthestreet.2.Helentmeabook.(他上周借給我一本歷史書)Helentmeahistorybooklastweek.3.Theelephantisbiggerthanthetiger.(成年的大象比兇猛的老虎大很多。)Theadultelephantismuchbiggerthanthefiercetiger.并列句并列句把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.

IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.

Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句常用并列連詞:

and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,so1.Wecan'tlive_________water.A.withB.hasC.haven'tD.without2.Wemusthurry，_______wewillbelateforschool.A.andB.orC.butD.if3._________you_________shearelikeEnglish.A.Both...andB.Neither...norC.Either...orD.Notonly...butalso4.Hewastired,_________hestillwentonworking.A.andB.butC.orD.also課時訓(xùn)練(D)(B)(A)(B)課時訓(xùn)練5._________Lily_________Lucycangowithyou.Becauseoneofthemmustlookaftertheirmotherathome.A.Neither...norB.Either...orC.Both...andD.Noonly...butalso6._________ismadeof_________.A.Glasses，glassesB.Aglass，glassC.Glasses，glassesD.Aglass，glasses7.Iheardher_________inthenextroom.A.singingB.sangC.gosingD.tosing(B)(B)(A)復(fù)合句:主句+從句名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句NounClause名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞,在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。主語

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表語Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{賓語Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位語Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefact

thatheisateacher.Practicetime：指出下列各名詞性從句的種類。1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.5.

Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6.

Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.賓語從句賓語從句表語從句賓語從句主語從句同位語從句ObjectClauses

賓語從句

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓語從句連詞從句主語從句謂語

主句（復(fù)合句）句子做賓語就是賓語從句，跟在及物動詞或介詞后句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句。賓語從句的注意事項

引導(dǎo)詞

句子類型that陳述句一般疑問句if/whether(是否)特殊疑問詞特殊疑問句

一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）1.當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能??；（2）當(dāng)that從句作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedand

thatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam.2.當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，“是否”，不能省略。Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedme

if/whether

shecouldborrowthesebooks.1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句a.當(dāng)有ornot時就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別:Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.

if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_______togo.whether3.當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由疑問詞（what,who,whom,which,whose

when,where,how,why等）引導(dǎo)，因為疑問詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho\whomwehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?二、時態(tài)1.如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.三、語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。Idon’tknowwhatisthematter\thetrouble\wrongwithhim.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.

1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDPredicativeClauses

表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)who/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhether

wecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasif

hewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.注意：在表語從句中，表“是否”時，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whenSubjectClauses

主語從句主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分。1)

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2)

Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)

Whathesaidisnottrue.4)

Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)

Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)

Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.一.由that引導(dǎo)that無意義,后接一個完整的句子.that不可省。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2.________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)3.________________________isapity.

(你錯過了這次機(jī)會)

ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二whether“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語從句三.疑問詞引導(dǎo)詞注意一:主語從句后置!為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--

由連詞whether,連接代詞what,who,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo),也常常后置:

Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.It的用法：（形式主語）

It’possible/important/necessary/clear…

that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that..據(jù)說/據(jù)報道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已經(jīng)通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…顯然、明顯、碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(眾所周知/acommonsaying….（俗話說）注意二注意：主語從句中，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定Whatheneeds__thatbook.Whatheneeds__somebooks.isare

what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用。例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.注意三：What與that引導(dǎo)主語從句

___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave同位語從句1.跟在某些名詞后面，對該名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。常用名詞有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.常用連詞：that;when,where,why,howe.g.1.消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊。2.問題是他如何做這件事的。

WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.

It’sthequestionhowhedidit.注意：1.同位語從句多用that引導(dǎo)，無意義不可省。2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句。Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.比較：1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.我們表達(dá)了他們曾經(jīng)表達(dá)過的那種希望。2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.我們希望他們再來中國訪問。定語從句同位語從句區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句：引導(dǎo)同位語的連詞that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定語從句中，that充當(dāng)?shù)目梢允菑木涞闹髡Z或賓語等。同位語從句是對前面名詞的內(nèi)容的具體說明，而定語從句是對前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾，解釋為“….的”連詞that在同位語從句中不可省略,而在定語從句中當(dāng)它充當(dāng)賓語時可以省略。Practice:判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2.

ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.

3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.4.Ican'tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.同位語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/thatBAB3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA6---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe___hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinuedBAB12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept__helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever14.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor’sstatement_____wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._____manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever1.Canyoumakesure___thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheput2.Thereasonthathasbeensuchasuccess___henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat3.______breaksthelawshouldbepunished.AWhoeverB.NomatterwhoC.AnyoneD.Who

4.Thatis___Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what5.Do___youthinkisright___difficultiesyoumayhave.A.what;howeverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoeverD.what;whatever6.Theworkersconsidereditimportant___thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.which7.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether8.Difficultylies___wehavenomoney.

A.thatB.inthatC.inthefactD.inthefactthat10.Idon’tthinkthequestion___theyareoldoryoungisimportant.A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why13.Thenews____LincolnwasmurderedfilledtheAmericanpeople’sheartswithdeepsorrow.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how14.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter15.Idon’ttrusthispromise___hewillbuymeanewcar.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that

16.Shereceivedthemessage___hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.w