浙江傳媒學院《大學英語》2020-2021學年第一學期期末試卷

浙江傳媒學院《大學英語》

2020-2021學年第一學期期末試卷

PleasewriteallyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

I.Vocabulary(每題二分，共二十分)

Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsandexpressions,andusetheir

appropriateformswherenecessary,

strikeequipexperiencetreatacquaintanceapproachletdown

escortcomplicateperceive

1.Pleasegivemethebill;thisismy.

2.Itwasatremendousforthechildrenwhenthepartywascancelled.

3.IenjoytalkingwithhimbecauseIfindhimvery.

4.Hehasgreathardshipsinthelast5years..

5.Thereweresoldierstotheprisoners.

6.Heisnotexactlyanoldfriendofmine,justacasual.

7.Thepoorboycouldnotaffordthenecessaryformountaineering.

8.Heisaverypersonandasksveyquestions.

9.ThematterisratherbutIhopehemadeitcleartoyou.

10.VisitorstoBeijingarebythegreatnumberofbicyclesonthestreet.

ILCloze(每題一分，共二十分)

Socialpsychologistsareusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsarea1oftimebecausethey

justprovethe2,andtelluswhatwealwaysknew.Butthereisaverysimpleandeffective

____3tothisaccusation.Thetroublewith4(whatwealwaysknew)isthatittends

tocomeinpairsofstatements,bothofwhichare'obviously'true,butwhich-unfortunately一are

mutually5.Forexample,weallknowthattoomanycooksspoilthe___6.Butwait

aminute:don'tmanyhandsmakelightwork?Similarlywithfriendship:birdsofa7flock

together,butwhatabouttheattractionofopposites?8maynotbeasmuchfunas

intuitions,buttheysometimestelluswhichproverbsareactually_9—,or(moreoften)inwhat

circumstanceswhich___10.

Therehavealsobeenstudiesofparings,both11(marriedcouples)and___12

(studentroommates),toseewhichremainedtogetherandwhich_13___up.Again,theevidence

seemsto___14___similarityratherthancomplementarityasan___15____ofasuccessful

relationship,thoughthereisacomplication:wheremarriageis16,oncethefieldhasbeen

___17____downtopotentialmateswhocomefromsimilarbackgroundsandshareabroadrangeof

attitudesandvalues,adegreeofcomplementarityseemstobecome18.Whenacouple

arenotjust19___butalmost___20,somethingelseseemstobeneeded.

III.Readingcomprehension.(每題一分,共二十分)

TextA

"I'venevermetahumanworthcloning,"sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabat

TexasA&MUniversity,"It'sastupidendeavor."That'saninterestingchoiceofadjective,coming

fromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,

heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacat

soon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissythisspring-orperhapsnotfbranother5years.It

seemsthereproductivesystemofman'sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.

Westhusin'sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.

InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog'seggs,theA&M

teamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryos（胚胎）carryingMissy'sDNA.Nonehavesurvived

thetransfertoasurrogate（代孕的）mother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneously

abortedfetuses（胎）maybeacceptablewhenyou'redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnot

withhumans.''Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,'*hesays.

Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDolly

thesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin'sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesof

duplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses."Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyif

thepriceisright,"saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy'smysteriousbillionaireowner;he's

putup$3.7millionsofartofundA&M'sresearch.

Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy's

finequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedand

supersmart.Missy*smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothave

hertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy'sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare"both

lookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy.”

Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevs.

nurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.

However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,

theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:

abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems-"Whywouldyoueverwantto

clonehumans,"Westhusinasks,"whenwe'renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?"

1By"stupidendeavor"（Line2,Para.1）,Westhusinmeanstosaythat.

A）animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatall

B）animalcloningisabsolutelyimpractical

C）humancloningshouldbedoneselectively

D)humancloningisafoolishundertaking

2WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin'sdogcloningproject?

A)Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.

B)Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.

C)Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.

D)Itisprogressingsmoothly.

3BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto.

A)studythepossibilityofcloninghumans

B)searchforwaystomodify.itstemperament

C)examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspecies

D)findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclones

4Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave.

A)abadtemperC)defectiveorgans

B)immunedeficiencyD)anabnormalshape

5.Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques.

A)stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturity

B)havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspecies

C)provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurture

D)haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumans

6.WhichofthefollowinginformationisnottrueaboutMissy?

A)itissportingB)itishot-tempered

C)itiscleverD)itiseasygoing

TextB

ForanincreasingnumberofstudentsatAmericanuniversities,Oldissuddenlyin.Thereason

isobvious:thegrayingofAmericameansjobs.Coupledwiththeagingofthebaby-boom(生育高

峰)generation,alongerlifespanmeansthatthenation'selderlypopulationisboundtoexpand

significantlyoverthenext50years.By2050,25percentofallAmericanswillbeolderthan65,up

from14percentin1995.Thechangeposesprofoundquestionsforgovernmentandsociety,of

course.Butitalsocreatescareeropportunitiesinmedicineandhealthprofessions,andinlawand

businessaswell."Inadditiontothedoctors,we'regoingtoneedmoresociologists,biologists,urban

plannersandspecializedlawyers/saysProfessorEdwardSchneideroftheUniversityofSouthern

California's(USC)SchoolofGerontology(老年學).

Lawyerscanspecializein"elderlaw,"whichcoverseverythingfromtrustsandestatesto

nursing-homeabuseandagediscrimination(歧視).Businessmenseehugeopportunitiesintheelder

marketbecausethebabyboomers,74millionstrong,arelikelytobethewealthiestgroupofretirees

inhumanhistory.!,Anystudentwhocombinesanexpertknowledgeingerontologywith,say,an

MBAorlawdegreewillhavealicensetoprintmoney,"oneprofessorsays.

MargariteSantosisa21-year-oldsenioratUSC.Shebegancollegeasabiologymajorbut

foundshewas"reallyboredwithbacteria."Soshetookaclassingerontologyanddiscoveredthat

shelikedit.Shesays,MIdidvolunteerworkinretirementhomesanditwasverysatisfying."

7."...Oldissuddenlyin"(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans1*

A)Americahassuddenlybecomeanationofoldpeople

B)gerontologyhassuddenlybecomepopular

C)moreelderlyprofessorsarefoundonAmericancampuses

D)Americancollegeshaverealizedtheneedofenrollingolderstudents

8.WiththeagingofAmerica,lawyerscanbenefit.

A)fromtheadoptionofthe''elderlaw"

B)fromrenderingspecialservicestotheelderly

C)byenrichingtheirprofessionalknowledge

D)bywinningthetrustoftheelderlytopromotetheirowninterests

9.Whycanbusinessmenmakemoneyintheemergingeldermarket?

A)Retireesaremoregenerousinspendingmoney.

B)Theycanemploymoregerontologists.

C)Theelderlypossessanenormouspurchasingpower.

D)Therearemoreelderlypeopleworkingthanbefore.

10.Whocanmakebigmoneyinthenewcenturyaccordingtothepassage?

A)Retireeswhoarebusiness-minded.

B)Thevolunteerworkersinretirementhomes.

C)CollegegraduateswithanMBAorlawdegree.

D)Professionalswithagoodknowledgeofgerontology.

11.ItcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheexpansionofAmerica'selderlypopulation.

A)willprovidegoodjobopportunitiesinmanyareas

B)willimposeanunbearableburdenonsociety

C)mayleadtonursinghomeabuseandagediscrimination

D)willcreatenewfieldsofstudyinuniversities

TextC

StevenSpielberghastakenHollywood'sdepictionofwartoanewlevel.Hedoesitrightatthestart

ofSavingPrivateRyan,ina25minutesequencedepictingthelandingofAmericanforcesonOmaha

Beachin1944.ThisisnotthetriumphantversionofD-Daywe'reusedtoseeing,butaninfernoof

severedarms,spillingintestines,flyingcorpsesandblood-redtides.Tothoseofuswhohavenever

foughtinawar,thisreenactment-newsreel-likeinitsverisimilitude,hallucinatoryinitsimpact—

leavesyouconvincedthatSpielberghastakenyouclosertothechaotic,terrifyingsightsandsounds

ofcombatthananyfilmmakerbeforehim.

Thispreludeissostrong,sounnerving,thatIfeareditwouldoverwhelmtherestofthefilm.When

thenarrativeproperbegins,there'saninitialfeelingofdiminishment:it'sjustamovie,afterall,with

theusualbanalmusiccuesandactorsgoingthroughtheirpaces.Fortunately,thefeelingpasses.

“SavingPrivateRyan1'reassertsitsgriponyouand,formostofits2hourand40minuterunning

time,holdsyouinthrall.

OurheroesareasquadofeightsoldiersluckyenoughtobesurvivedOmahaBeach.Nowtheyare

sent,underthecommandofCaptainMiller(TomHanks),tofindandsafelyreturnfromcombata

PrivateRyan(MattDamon),whosethreebrothershavealreadydiedinaction.Whyshouldtheyrisk

theirlivestosaveoneman?Thequestionhauntsthem,andthemovie.

Thesquadisafamiliarmelting-potassortmentofWorldWarTwogrunts-thecynicalNewYorker

(EdwardBums)whodoesn'twanttoriskhisneck;theJew(AdamGoldberg);theItalian(Vin

Diesel);theBible-quotingsniperfromTennessee(BarryPepper);themedic(GiovanniRibisi).The

mostterrifiedisaninexperiencedcorporal(JeremyDavies)broughtalongasatranslator.Davies

seemstoexpresseverypossiblevarietyoffearonhiseloquentlyscrawnyface.TomSizemoreisalso

impressiveasMiller'sloyalsecondincommand.AswrittenbyRobertRodat,theycouldbeany

squadinanywarmovie.ButSpielbergandhisactorsmakeuscaredeeplyabouttheirfate.Partof

themovie'spowercomesformHanks'quietlymysteriousperformanceastheirdecent,reticentleader

(themenhaveapoolgoingspeculatingaboutwhathedidincivilianlife),There'sanunhistrionic

fatalisminCaptainMiller;hejustwantstogetthejobdoneandgethomealive,buthiseyestellyou

hedoesn'tliketheodds.

Thelevelofworkin''PrivateRyan"-fromtheactingtoJanuszKaminski*sbrilliantlybleached-out

colorcinematographytotheextraordinarysounddesignbyGaryRydstorm-isstateoftheart.For

mostof"SavingPrivateRyan",Spielbergisworkingatthetopofhisform,withthemovie

culminatinginaspectacularlystagedclimacticbattleinaFrenchvillage.Thegoodstuffisso

shatteringthatitoverwhelmsthelapses,butyoucan'thelpnoticingafewHollywoodmoments.

SometimesSpielbergdoesn'tseemtotrusthowpowerfulthematerialis,andcrossesthelineinto

sentimentality.There'sapreludeandacoda,setinamilitarycemetery,thatiswrittenanddirected

withatoo-heavyhand.Butthetruthis,thismoviesowipedmeoutIhavelittletasteforquibbling.

WhenyouemergesfromSpielberg*scauldron,theworlddoesn'tlookquitethesame.

12.Themovie"SavingPrivateRyan"isuptoanewlevelbecause.

A.itdepictsthelandingofAmericanforcesonOmahaBeachin1944

B.thelandingisnotsuccessful

C.itreproducestheterriblepicturesofseveredarms,spillingintestinesetc.

D.itisa25-minutesequence

13.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

A.Thepreludeismoreunnervingthantherestofthefilm.

B.Thepreludeisasunnervingastherestoffilm.

C.Thepreludeislessunnervingthantherestofthefilm.

D.Thepreludeisasunnervingasmostoftheremainingpartofthefilm.

14.Thesquadisafamiliarmelting-potassortmentofWorldWarTwogruntsbecausethesquad

consistof.

A.8commonsoldiersfromdifferentethnicgroupsintheUS

B.8soldierswhooftencomplainthewar

C.8soldierswhodon'twanttorisktheirnecks

D.8soldierswhoareluckytohavesurvivedthewar

15.Accordingtothelast2sentencesofthepassage,themoviemadetheauthorofthepassage

A.disappointed

B.earnedaway

C.findfaultswiththemovie

D.quibblingthemovie

TEXTD

In1993,NewYorkStateorderedstorestochargeadepositonbeverage（飲料）containers.

Withinayear,consumershadreturnedmillionsofaluminumcansandglassandplasticbottles.

Plentyofcompanieswereeagertoacceptthealuminumandglassasrawmaterialsfbrnewproducts,

butbecausefewcouldfigureoutwhattodowiththeplastic,muchofitwoundupburiedinlandfills

(垃圾填埋場).TheproblemwasnotlimitedtoNewYork.Unfortunately,thereweretoofewusesfor

secondhandplastic.

Today,oneoutoffiveplasticsodabottlesisrecycled(回收利用)intheUnitedStates.The

reasonforthechangeisthatnowtherearedozensofcompaniesacrossthecountrybuyingdiscarded

plasticsodabottlesandturningthemintofenceposts,paintbrushes,etc.AstheNewYork

experienceshows,recyclinginvolvesmorethansimplyseparatingvaluablematerialsfromtherest

oftherubbish.Adiscardremainsadiscarduntilsomebodyfiguresouthowtogiveitasecond

life-anduntileconomicarrangementsexisttogivethatsecondlifevalue.Withoutadequatemarkets

toabsorbmaterialscollectedforrecycling,throwawaysactuallydepresspricesforusedmaterials.

Shrinkinglandfillspace,andrisingcostsforburyingandburningrubbishareforcinglocal

governmentstolookmorecloselyatrecycling.Inmanyareas,theEastCoastespecially,recyclingis

alreadytheleastexpensivewaste|managementoption.Foreverytonofwasterecycled,acityavoids

payingforitsdisposal,which,inpartsofNewYork,amountstosavingsofmorethan$100perton.

Recyclingalsostimulatesthelocaleconomybycreatingjobsandtrimsthepollutioncontroland

energycostsofindustriesthatmakerecycledproductsbygivingthemamorerefinedrawmaterial.

16.WhatregulationwasissuedbyNewYorkStateconcerningbeveragecontainers?

A)Beveragecompaniesshouldberesponsibleforcollectingandreusingdiscardedplasticsoda

bottles.

B)Throwawaysshouldbecollectedbythestateforrecycling.

C)Afeeshouldbechargedonusedcontainersforrecycling.

D)Consumershadtopayforbeveragecontainersandcouldgettheirmoneybackonreturningthem.

17.ThereturnedplasticbottlesinNewYorkusedto.

A)endupsomewhereunderground

B)beturnedintorawmaterials

C)haveasecond|lifevalue

D)beseparatedfromotherrubbish

18.Thekeyproblemindealingwithreturnedplasticbeveragecontainersis.

A)tosellthemataprofitableprice

B)howtoturnthemintousefulthings

C)howtoreducetheirrecyclingcosts

D)tolowerthepricesforusedmaterials

19.Recyclinghasbecomethefirstchoiceforthedisposalofrubbishbecause.

A)localgovernmentsfinditeasytomanage

B)recyclinghasgreatappealforthejobless

C)recyclingcauseslittlepollution

D)othermethodsaremoreexpensive

20.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A)rubbishisapotentialremedyfbrtheshortageofrawmaterials

B)localgovernmentsintheU.S.canexpectbigprofitsfromrecycling

C)recyclingisto