上海市2021年高考英語沖刺模擬試卷分類匯編：選詞填空 含答案

上海市2021年高考英語沖刺模擬試卷分類匯編

選詞填空專題

2021屆上海高考英語沖刺模擬試卷1

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.overlookedB.alternativeC.urgeD.habituallyE.external

F.interaction

G.equivalentH.significantlyLclueJ.integratedK.infectious

Howhasitbecomethemodern_31_ofglancingatyourwatch--thefurtive(偷偷的)look

ataphonescreentocheckfornewmessagesorhaveaquicklookatFacebook?Researchershave

nowfoundwhyweoftenfeelsuchastrong_32—toglanceatourcellphones.Usingyour

mobile,theysay,is_33—.

AteamfromtheUniversityofMichigansaypeoplearetwiceaslikelytopullouttheir

phonestochecktheirtextmessagesoremailifthey'rewithsomeonewhohasjustdonethesame.

Italsofoundthatfemalesweremorelikelytousetheirmobilethanmenbecauseitwasmore

_34_intothedailylivesofwomen.

Theteamwatchedstudentsindininghallsandcoffeeshopsaroundcampus,observingpairs

ofstudentssittingattablesforaslongas20minutesanddocumentedtheircellphoneuseat

10-secondintervals.

“Whatwefoundmostfascinatingwasjusthowoftenpeoplewereusingtheirmobile

phones,“DrDanielKruger,thestudy*sco-author,said.uOverall,thestudentsusedtheircell

phonesinanaverageof24percent,buttheywere_35_morelikelytousetheirphoneswhen

theircompanionhadjustdonesointheprevious10-secondintervalthanwithoutthesocial

_36_.

“Cellphonescreatea(n)-37_outletforone'sattentionandmaybothpromoteand

interferewithlivesocialinteraction,“theresearcherswrote.

Krugerbelievesthispatterncouldberelatedtotheeffectsofsocialinclusionandexlusion.If

onepersoninapairengagesina(n)—38—conversationthroughtheirphone,hisorher

companionmayfeelexcluded.Thatcompanionthenmightbecompelledtoconnectwithothers

externallysoasnottofeel_39_.

Theresearchersnotethattheymightnotobservethesameresultsinastudyofdifferent

crowds--forexample,inolderadults,whomaynotusecellphonesas_40_.

【答案】31-40GCKJHFBEAD

【重難點(diǎn)詞匯和短語解析】

1.Habitually-adv.習(xí)慣性地，日常地

2.Integrateinto-prep.成為一體，融入

3.Alternative-adj.可供選擇的；n.備選項(xiàng)

4.Interval-n.間隔

5.Outlet-n.出口，排放口；發(fā)泄方式

6.interferewith-prep.「介入

7.Inclusion-n.包含，內(nèi)含物

8.Exclusion-n.被排除在外的事物

9.Engagein-prep.參與，從事

10.becompelledto-prep.不得不

【試題解析】

31題通過詞性判斷應(yīng)該是名詞，空格前面發(fā)的modem和后文的glancingatyourwatch得出

選項(xiàng)Gequivalent,本句意思是現(xiàn)代人看手機(jī)就像以前的人看手表一樣，時(shí)不時(shí)地會(huì)去偷偷瞄

兩眼。

32題判斷為名詞，通過前文描寫人們會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)地偷偷查看手機(jī)這一舉動(dòng)，本句的意思是為

什么我們會(huì)有如此強(qiáng)烈的欲望去看手機(jī)，因此選C.urge.

33題的線索在第二段開頭，講到如果別人看手機(jī)，我們就更有可能掏出手機(jī)來，因此這一

舉動(dòng)是具有“傳染性的”，因此鎖定K.infectious.

34題考查短語integrateinto-成為一體，融入。本句講的是女性比男性更長(zhǎng)用手機(jī)，因?yàn)槭?/p>

機(jī)與女性的生活融為一體。

35題前后銜接為weremorelikely,因此判斷此處為副詞，修飾morelikely的程度副詞只有

habitually,因此答案選D.

36題考查短語socialinteraction-社交，此線索也在下文中出現(xiàn)。本句的意思是這些被調(diào)查

的大學(xué)生如果在跟別人社交兩天的間隙停留十秒看到別人看了手機(jī),而沒有跟自己有任何交

流，那么自己極有可能也去看手機(jī)。

37題判斷詞性為形容詞，本句意為手機(jī)為人們獲得他人的注意提供了另一種方式。因此選

B.alternative.

38題判定為形容詞，剩卜.的形容詞當(dāng)中只有E.external符合本句話的意思，此處在講兩人中

有一人在用電話跟別人交流，而這種交流只能是外在的，通過手機(jī)溝通。

39題判定為形容詞，本句意思是看到對(duì)方看手機(jī)，而為了讓自己感到不被忽視也不得不去

看手機(jī)。因此選A.overlooked.

40題所在的這句話舉例了其他人群可能并非上文所說的那樣，比如老年人就不會(huì)常常用手

機(jī)，表示習(xí)慣性地去做什么事，因此答案為D.habitually.

2021屆上海高考英語沖刺模擬試卷2

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.seeminglyB.unathleticC.monitoringD.surpriseE.efficient

F.bottling

G.intelligentlyH.outperformedI.collapsedJ.recoveryK.similar

Whydokidsneverseemtogettired?

It'stheage-oldquestionaskedbyparents:Whydokidsneverseemtogettired?Finally,

sciencehasananswer.Accordingtoanewstudy,mostchildrenhaveametabolicrate_31—to

thatofawell-trainedenduranceathlete,andtheycanrecoverfromfatigueevenfaster.

Forthestudy,publishedinFrontiersinPhysiology,researcherscomparedthemetabolicand

fatigueratesofthreegroupsofparticipants:8-to10-year-oldboys,_32_adults,and

nationally-rankedenduranceathleteswhocompeteintriathlons,marathonsandcycling.

Researcherscomparedtheenergyoutputand_33—ratesfollowingexerciseby_34—heart

rates,oxygenlevels,andlactate-removallevelstoseehowquicklytheparticipantsrecovered.

Children_35_adultsinallofthetests.

Stepforstep,researchersfoundthatthekidsburnedmoreenergybecausetheyhadtotake

morestepstocoveracertaindistancethantheiradultpeers.Theyalsotendedtouseless_36—

movementstocompleteeachtask.Butthestudyfoundthatthechildrenovercametheseobstacles

with_37—fatigue-resistantmusclesthatallowedthemtorecoverquicklyfromhigh-intensity

exercise.That'sright,fatigue-resistantmuscles.

Theseresultscomeasno_38—toanyparentwhohasever_39—onthecouchafter

tryingtokeepupwithkidsattheplayground.There'sareasonwhyparentsoftenjokeabout

_40_theirkids'energyandsellingittomakemillions.Andnow,itseems,sciencefinally

agrees.

答案：31.K32.B33.J34.C35.H36.E37.A38.D39.140.F

2021屆上海高考英語沖刺模擬試卷3

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.involvedB.accuratelyC.presentD.arisesE.existing

F.accuracy

G.moderateH.availableI.processingJ.respectiveK.closely

Computerprogramsrecognisewhitemenbetterthanblackwomen

Softwarethatrecognisesfaceshasboundedaheadinrecentyears,arousedbyaboomina

formofartificialintelligencecalleddeeplearning.Severalfirmsnowofferfacerecognitionasa

commercialservice,viatheir_31—clouds.Theabilitytorecogniseinfacessuchthingsasan

individual'ssexhasimprovedtoo,andthisisalsocommercially_32_.

Thealgorithms_33_have,however,longbeensuspectedofbias.Specifically,theyare

declaredtobebetterat_34_whitefacesthanthoseofotherpeople.Untilnow,thatsuspicion

hasbeenunsupportedbyevidence.Butnextweek,atFairness,AccountabilityandTransparency,a

conferenceinNewYork,JoyBuolamwinioftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywill

_35_workwhichsuggestsitistrue.

MsBuolamwiniandhercolleagueTimnitGebrulookedatthreesex-recognitionsystems,

thoseofIBM,MicrosoftandFacebook.Theytestedtheseonasetof1,270photographsof

parliamentarians（國(guó)會(huì)議員）fromaroundtheworldandfoundthatallthreeclassifiedlighterfaces

more_36_thandarkerones.Allalsoclassifiedmalesmoreaccuratelythanfemales.IBM's

algorithm,forexample,gotlightmalefaceswrongjust0.3%ofthetime.Thatcomparedwith

34.7%ofthetimefordarkfemalefaces.Theothertwosystemshadsimilargulfsintheir

performances.Probably,thisbias_37—fromthesetsofdatathefirmsconcernedusedtotrain

theirsoftware.MsBuolamwiniandMsGebrucouldnot,however,testthisbecausethosedatasets

are_38_guarded.

IBMhasrespondedquickly.Itsaidithadretraineditssystemonanewdatasetforthepast

year,andthatthishadgreatlyimprovedits_39—.Whentestingthenewsystemonanupdated

versionofthesetofpoliticiansMsBuolamwiniandMsGebruhadused,thefirmsaiditnow

achievedanerrorrateof3.46%ondark-skinnedfemalefaces—atenthofthatthetworesearchers

hadfoundusingthe_40_system.Forlight-skinnedmalestheerrorratealsofell,to0.25%.

31-35JHAIC36-40BDKFE

命題思路：

I.轉(zhuǎn)換法：presentn./adj./v.

2.綴合法：

(1)respect-respectiveavail-available

(2)accurate-accuratelyclose-closely

(3)involve-involvedexist-existingprocess-processing

(4)arise-arises

3.moderate(-moderation)

2021屆上海高考英語沖刺模擬試卷4

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.maximumB.initiallyC.forgottenD.imageE.talentedF.assigned

GinsightH.potentialI.positionJ.measureK.averagely

Highlygiftedchildrenbenefitfromexplanationasmuchastheirpeers

Schoolstendtoassumethathighlygiftedchildrencanmanagebythemselvesandthatthey

donotneedanyextrasupport.Asaresult,theysometimesseemtobe(31).Psychologist

BarVogelaarconductedaresearchanddiscoveredthatahighgiftdoesnotmeanperformingtothe

children's(32)capacity.Hefindsoutthatthisgrouptoobenefitfromtrainingand

explanationandthatstrangelyenough,thebenefitsarethesameforbothgroups.

Inhisresearch,Vbgelaamadeuseofdynamictests(動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試)，inwhichchildrenreceived

trainingandtheirprogresswasmeasuredafterwardstogiveabetter(33)oftheirlearning

capabilities,522childrenagedbetweenfiveandtenyears——173highlygiftedand349

(34)gifted----tookpartinwhatwasso-calledlearningpotentialtest;Thechildrenwere

(35)tosolveanalogicalreasoning(類推)tasks.Threeboxeswerefilledwithfiguresthat

changedfromoneboxtothenextaccordingtoaparticularrule,forexample,insizeorin

(36).Thechildrenhadtouseanalogicalreasoningtodrawthefigureinthelastbox.

Afterwards,thechildrenweregivenatraining,followedbyafurthersetoftasksasa

post-assessment.Vbgelaarconfirms:"Thiskindoftestgivesabetter(37)intohowwell

childrenlearnbecauseweareableto(38)notonlyhowmuchtheyprogressonanew

task,butalsohowmuchandwhatkindofhelptheyneedtoachievethisprogress.”

Thetestshowedthatallgroupsofchildrenmadeprogress,fromthestartingtothe

post-measurement,withmajorindividualdifference,“itconfirmsthat(39)asmany

childrenare,theybenefitfromteachers9helptoagreatextent,andthattheydon'talwaysshow

theirfull(40)intest."Vbgelaarconcludes.

答案：31.C32.A33.D34.K35.F36.137.G38.J39.E40.H

2021屆上海高考英語沖刺模擬試卷5

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.infectionsB.factorsC.particularlyD.separateE.seriouslyF.passive

G.mixturesH.significantlyI.presentJ.negativeK.exposed

Airpollutiontriggersmoreheartattacksthanusingcocaineandposesashighariskof

sparkingaheartattackasalcohol,coffeeandphysicalexertion,scientistssaidonThursday.Anger,

marijuana(大麻)useandchestorrespiratory(與呼吸有關(guān)的)(31)canalsotriggerheart

attackstodifferentextents,theresearcherssaid,butairpollution,(32)____inheavytraffic,isthe

majorcause.

Thefindings,publishedinTheLancetjournal,suggestpopulation-wide(33)like

pollutedairshouldbetakenmore(34)whenlookingatheartrisks,andshouldbeputinto

contextbesideshigherbutrelativelyrarerriskslikedruguse.