2022-2023學(xué)年北京市東城區(qū)第二中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期第二學(xué)段英語試卷（解析版）

北京二中2022-2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)段高二年級學(xué)段考試試卷

英語選擇性必修I

第一卷(共兩部分，53分)

第一部分：知識運用(共一節(jié)，15分)

完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項。

Two-year-oldNancyisdeaf.However,thathasn'tstoppedherfrombeinga(n)[littlegirltryingto

“chat"toanyoneshemeets.Assoonasshegoesoutintotownwithherparents,shestarts2inthehopethatthe

personsheistalkingtoknowssignlanguagetoo.

Normally,hearinglossisasocial3forthosewhodon'tknowhowtousesignlanguage.AnyoneNancy

triedtotalkto4thisandfeltsosorrytheycouldn'trespond.Theywishedtheycould5-herandsay

somethingback,buttheyfoundthemselvescompletelyataloss.

Then,somethingamazinghappened.Insteadofcausinga(n)6,thisbarrierbroughtthecommunity

together.DeterminedtoleamsignlanguagesothattheycouldtalktoNancy,herneighborshiredaninstructorontheir

own,andnowtheyare7totakingclassestogether.Theteacheradmitsthatthisisreallyremarkablebecause,

quiteoften,eventheparentsofdeafchildrendon'twanttoleamthelanguage.ButhereNancyhasafullcommunity

thatissigningandcommunicatingwithher,anditisa(n)8story.

TheteacheralsosaysthatthislevelofinclusionwillmakeahugedifferenceinNancy'slife.Italmostcertainly

ensuresthatshewillbeahappierandmore9individualinthefuture.Nancy'sparentsarealreadynoticinga

10intheirdaughterandtheyhavenowordstoexpresshowgratefultheyaretotheirneighbors.

Withalittlegirlandalotoflove,theneighborstrulymaketheneighborhoodacommunity.

1.A.independentB.persistentC.outgoingD.generous

2.A.signingB.cheeringC.wavingD.smiling

3.A.absenceB.barrierC.stressD.interaction

4.A.discussedB.ignoredC.realizedD.predicted

5.A.inspireB.protectC.trustD.understand

6.A.conflictB.separationC.complaintD.incident

7.A.devotedB.opposedC.usedD.addicted

8.A.amusingB.fascinatingC.rewardingD.moving

9.A.well-adjustedB.healthyC.normalD.grateful

10.A.potentialB.beliefC.strengthD.difference

【答案】l.C2.A3.B4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.A10.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了南希從小失聰，但是這并沒有阻止她成為一個想要與人溝通的外

向的孩子。她嘗試用手語和周圍的人交流，但是大家都聽不懂。于是社區(qū)里的鄰居們請了一位老師來教他

們手語，手語老師也贊同這是一個很了不起的舉動。因為有愛，這些鄰居們真正地將這個社區(qū)變成了一個

大家庭。

【1題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這并沒有阻止她成為一個外向的小女孩，試圖與任何她遇到的人“聊

天”。A.independent獨立的；B.persistent堅持不懈的;C.outgoing外向的;D.generous慷慨的。根據(jù)下文

alittlegirltryingto,chat，toanyoneshemeets”可知，失聰并沒有阻止南希成為一個想要與人溝通的外向的

小女孩。故選C項。

【2題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：只要她和父母一起進城，她就會開始用手語，希望和她交談的人也懂手語。A.

signing打手勢；B.cheering歡呼；C.waving揮手;D.smiling微笑。根據(jù)下文中的"signlanguage”可知，

她開始用手語與人交流。sign在此處作動詞，意為“打手勢”。故選A項。

【3題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通常，對于那些不知道如何使用手語的人來說，聽力損失是一種社交障礙。A.

absence缺席；B.barrier障礙；C.stress壓力；D.interaction互動。barrier意為"障礙"，符合語境,且與第

三段第二句中的barrier呼應(yīng)。故選B項。

【4題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：南希試圖與之交談的每一個人都意識到了這一點，都很抱歉他們沒有回應(yīng)。A.

discussed討論；B.ignored忽視；C.realized意識到;D.predicted預(yù)測。根據(jù)下文“feltsosorry”可知,任

何一個南希試圖與之交談的人都意識到了這一點。realise意為“認識到"。故選C項。

【5題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們希望自己能理解她的意思，并對她說些什么，但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己完全不知所

措。A.inspire啟發(fā)；B.protect保護;C.trust信任;D.understand理解。根據(jù)下文“saysomethingback”可

知，他們希望他們能夠明白南希手語的意思，故選D項。

【6題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個障礙非但沒有造成隔閡，反而把社區(qū)團結(jié)在了一起。A.conflict沖突；B.

separation分離；C.complaint抱怨；D.incident事件。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示這道屏障并沒有造成隔離，

反而把社區(qū)團結(jié)在了一起。設(shè)空處與下文的"broughtthecommunitytogether”形成對比。故選B項。

【7題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：南希的鄰居們決定學(xué)習(xí)手語，這樣他們就可以和南希交談，他們自己雇了一

個老師，現(xiàn)在他們一起專心上課。A.devoted專心的；B.opposed反對的；C.used習(xí)慣的；D.addicted±

癮的。根據(jù)"hiredaninstructorontheirown”及utakingclassestogether可知，南希的鄰居們專心上課學(xué)手

語。故選A項。

【8題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在這里，南希有一個完整的社區(qū)，與她交流，這是一個感人的故事。A.amusing

有趣的；B.fascinating迷人的；C.rewarding有意義的；D.moving感人的。根據(jù)上文"andnowtheyaredevoted

t。takingclassestogether”可知，南希社區(qū)里的居民為了和她交流而學(xué)習(xí)手語，這是一個感人的故事。故選

D項。

【9題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這幾乎可以肯定，她將來會成為一個更快樂、更能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的人。A.

well-adjusted很好適應(yīng)的；B.healthy健康的；C.normal正常的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)"Italmostcertainly

guaranteesthatshewillbeahappier"以及上文的描述可知，此處表示鄰居們的暖心之舉一定會讓她將來成為

一個更快樂、更能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的人。故選A項。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：南希的父母已經(jīng)注意到女兒的變化，他們無法用語言表達對鄰居們的感激之情。

A.potential潛力；B.belief信念：C.strength力氣；D.difference差異。根據(jù)下文"theyhavenowordstoexpress

howgratefultheyaretotheirneighbors.M可知，此處表示南希的父母已經(jīng)注意到他們女兒的變化（不同之處）

了。故選D項。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

Alexis,17,satquietlyinthepassengerseatofherdad'scar.Shelethereyeslazilyscanthelandscapeforwildlife.

Thenadeercameintoviewabout200yardsinfrontofthem."Dad,there'sadeerthere!,?Alexissaid.Itwasamale

deerwithsharpantlers（角）oneachsideofitshead.

Asthecarmovedcloser,Alexissawthatthedeer'sheadwasbenttowardtheground.Thensheheardascream

andsawanannflyupnearthedeer'shead.Alexisrealizedthedeerwasattackingawoman.Sue,a44-year-old

mother,hadbeenoutforhermorningrun.Thedeerfollowedherandedgedcloser.i6\knewIwasintrouble,Suesays.

Shewenttopickupastickforself-defense,andthedeercharged.Itliftedherwithitsantlersandthrewherintotheair.

Suecouldfeelbloodflewdownherleg.Withinseconds,thedeerhadpushedherofftheroad.

WhenAlexisandherfatherpulledup,thedeerwasthrowingSuelikeadoll.Alexislookedintothewoman's

terrifiedeyes,andbeforeherfatherhadevenstoppedthecar,theteenagerjumpedquicklyoutofthecarandran

towardthedeer."Iwaskickingittogetitsattention,shesays.Thenherfather,whohadfollowedhisdaughter,

pushedthedeerawayfromthewomen.

AlexishelpedSueintothecar,andthenappliedapieceofclothtoSue'sinjuredleg."We'regoingtogetyouto

ahospital,vAlexissaid.Thensheheardherfathershoutloudly.Hehadbeenknockedtotheground.Alexistookhold

ofahammerfromthecarandrantowhereherfatherlayonhisback.Shebeatthedeer'sheadandneck,buttheblows

didn'tscareitaway."Iwaslosingfaith/5shesays."Acouplemorestrikes,Alexis,saidherfather.t4Youcandoit.”

Turningthehammeraround,Alexisclosedhereyesandbeatthedeer'sneckwithallherstrength.Whensheopened

hereyes,thedeerwasrunningaway.Alexisgotinthedriver'sseatandspedtowardthenearesthospital.

AfterSuewastreated,shetearfullythankedherrescuers."Youexpectateenagegirltogetonthephoneandcall

forhelp,“shesays,“nottobeatupadeer.”

11.WhatdidAlexisdotosaveSue?

A.Shepushedthedeeraway.B.Shehitthedeerwithherfeet.

C.Shedrovethecartohitthedeer.D.Shebeatthedeerwithahammer.

12.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAlexis?

A.Strong.B.Cruel.C.Energetic.D.Brave.

13.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AWomanWasSeriouslyInjured

B.ADangerousDeerAttackedaWoman

C.AGirlRescuedHerFatherSuccessfully

D.ATeenagerSavedOthersfromaDeerAttack

【答案】11.B12.D13.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了Alexis和父親一起在野外開車時，遇到素不相識的Sue被公

鹿攻擊，危機時刻，父女二人合力救出了Sue,并把她送到醫(yī)院。他們的及時出現(xiàn)和救援挽救了Sue的生命。

【II題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Alexislookedintothewoman'sterrifiedeyes,andbeforeherfatherhadeven

stoppedthecar,theteenagerjumpedquicklyoutofthecarandrantowardthedee匚'Iwaskickingittogetits

attention/shesays.（Alexis看著那個女人驚恐的眼睛，在她父親停下車之前，這個少年迅速跳下車，向那只

公鹿跑去?！拔姨咚菫榱艘鹚淖⒁猓?她說。）”可知，Alexis跳下車，跑向攻擊的公鹿，用腳踢它，

吸引它的注意，幫助Sue逃離“鹿口”。故選B項。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容uAlexislookedintothewoman'sterrifiedeyes,andbeforeherfatherhadeven

stoppedthecar,theteenagerjumpedquicklyoutofthecarandrantowardthedeer.“可知，Alexis迅速SIK下車，

跑向正在攻擊的公鹿，甚至用腳踢它以幫助Sue,以及文章第四段內(nèi)容uTurningthehammeraround,Alexis

closedhereyesandbeatthedeer'sneckwithallherstrength.Whensheopenedhereyes,thedeerwasrunningaway.

Alexisgotinthedriver'sseatandspedtowardthenearesthospital.（Alexis把錘子轉(zhuǎn)過來，閉上眼睛，用盡全身

力氣擊打著鹿的脖子。當(dāng)她睜開眼睛時，公鹿已經(jīng)跑開了。Alexis坐到駕駛座上，迅速向最近的醫(yī)院駛?cè)?。）?/p>

可知，Alexis用盡力氣用錘子趕走了公鹿，并將車開往醫(yī)院。通過這些動作和行為，都可推知，她是勇敢的。

故選D項。

【13題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的核心句"Shewenttopickupastickforself-defense,andthedeercharged.Itliftedherwith

itsanllersandthrewherinlotheair.（她拿起一根棍子自衛(wèi)，公鹿向她沖了過來。它用鹿角把她托起，把她拋向

空中。）”,"AlexishelpedSueintothecar,andthenappliedapieceofclothtoSue'sinjuredleg.（Alexis扶Sue上

了車，然后把一塊布敷在Sue受傷的腿上。）"，“Whensheopenedhereyes,thedeerwasrunningaway.Alexisgot

inthedriver'sseatandspedtowardthenearesthospital.（當(dāng)她睜開眼睛時，公鹿已經(jīng)跑開了。Alexis坐到駕駛座

_h,迅速向最近的醫(yī)院駛?cè)ァ＃焙汀癆fterSuewastreated,shelearfullylhankedherrescuers.（Sue接受治療后，

含淚感謝了救援人員。）”可知，文章主要講述了Alexis和父親一起在野外開車時，遇到素不相識的Sue被

公鹿攻擊，父女二人合力救出了Sue,并把她送到醫(yī)院，因此最佳標(biāo)題是D項“ATeenagerSavedOthersfrom

aDeerAttack（一個少年從公鹿攻擊中救了別人）故選D項。

B

MorePeopleAreLeavingtheRatRacefortheSimpleLife

Timeismorepreciousthanmoneyforanincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoarechoosingtolivemorewith

less-andlikingit.

KayandCharlesGiddens,twolawyers,soldtheirhometostartaB&Bhotel.Fouryearslater,thecoupledishes

outbananapancakebreakfast,cleanstoiletsandserveshomemadechocolatechipcookiestoguestsinaB&Bhotel

surroundedbytreesonahillknownforcolorfulsunsets.

“DoImissthefreeways?DoImissthetraffic?DoImissthestress?No,"saysMs.Giddens,“Thisisa

phenomenonthat'sfairlywidespread.Alotofpeoplearereevaluatingtheirlivesandfiguringoutwhattheywantto

do.Iftheirbaseisbeingdamaged,what'sthepayoff?”

Simplelivingrangesfromcuttingdownonweeknightactivitiestosharinghousing,livingclosertowork,

avoidingshoppingmalls,bon,owingbooksfromthelibraryinsteadofbuyingthem,andtakingacutinpaytoworkat

amorepleasurablejob.

VickiRobin,awriter,livesonabudgetequaltoafifthofwhatsheusedtomake."Youbecomeconsciousabout

whereyourmoneyisgoingandhowvaluableitis,"Ms.Robinsays,“Youtendnottousethingsup.Youcookathome

ratherthaneat

JanetLuhrs,alawyer,quitherjobaftergivingbirthandleavingherdaughterwithanannyfortwoweeks.fc4It

wasnotthewayIwantedtoraisemykids,“shesays,"Simplicityisnotjustaboutsavingmoney;it'saboutmesitting

downeverynightwithmykidstoacandlelitdinnerwithclassicalmusic.”

Mrs.Luhrsnoweditsamagazine,SimpleLiving,whichpublishestipsonhowtobuyrecycledfurnitureand

shoes,organizepotluckdinnersinsteadofexpensivereceptions,andgenerallyhowtoconsumeless.

“It'snotaboutpoverty,Mrs.Luhrsexplains,4tIfsaboutconsciouslivingandcreatingthelifeyouwant.The

lessstuffyoubuy,thelessmoneygoesoutofthedoor,andthelessmoneyyouhavetoeam.^^

14.Simplelivingincludes.

A.buildingahomelibraryB.livinginthecountryside

C.enjoyingacolorfulnightlifeD.sharinghousingwithothers

15.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatnowJanetLuhrs.

A.hasaninterestinclassicalmusicB.spendsmoretimewithherkids

C.worksasareporterofamagazineD.helpspeoplebuyrecycledclothes

16.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?

A.Byusingfigures.B.Byaskingquestions.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.

【答案】14.D15.B16.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種社會現(xiàn)象，人們現(xiàn)在更趨向于過一種壓力小、接近自然和

隨心的工作和生活。

【14題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段"Simplelivingrangesfromcuttingdownonweeknightactivitiestosharing

housing（簡單的生活方式包括減少工作日晚上的活動和合租住房）”可知，簡單的生活包括與他人合租房屋。

故選D項。

【15題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段"Simplicityisnotjustaboutsavingmoney;it'saboutmesittingdowneverynight

withmykidstoacandlelitdinnerwithclassicalmusic.（簡單不僅僅是為了省錢,而是每天晚上我和孩子們坐在

一起，聽著古典音樂，共進燭光晚餐。）”可知，從文章中可以得知，現(xiàn)在珍妮特?盧爾斯花更多時間陪孩子。

故選B項。

【16題詳解】

推理判斷題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，文章用了幾個人物的例子，如Kay和CharlesGiddens夫婦，作家VickiRobin,

律師JanetLuhrs等來講述SimpleLiving的概念，所以本文是通過舉例子來展開文章的。故選C項。

C

It'srarethatyouseethewords"shyness"and"leader"inthesamesentence.Afterall,thecommonviewpointis

thatthoseoutgoingandsociableguysmakegreatpublicspeakersandexcellentnet-workersandthatthoseshypeople

arenot.AsurveyconductedbyUSATodayreferredto65percentofexecutiveswhobelievedshynesstobeabarrier

toleadership.Interestingly,thesamearticlestressesthatroughly40percentofleadersactuallyarequiteshy-theyYe

justbetteratadaptingthemselvestosituationaldemands.BillGates,WarrenBuffetandCharlesSchwabarejusta

fewHinniesH.

Unliketheiroutgoingcounterpartswhoaremoresensitivetorewardsandrisk-taking,shypeopletakeacautious

approachtochance.Ratherthantheflashychit-chatthatdefinessocialgathering,shypeoplelistenattentivelytowhat

otherssayandabsorbitbeforetheyspeak.They'renotthinkingaboutwhattosaywhiletheotherpersonisstill

talking,butratherlisteningsotheycanlearnwhattosay.Alongthesamelines,shypeopleshareacommonloveof

learning.Theyareintrinsically（內(nèi)在土也）motivatedandthereforeseekcontentregardlessofachievinganoutside

standard.

Beingshycanalsobringotherbenefits.Rememberbeinginschoolandhearingthesamekidscontribute,until

shylittleJohnny,whoalmostneversaidaword,cutin?Thenwhathappened?Everyoneturnedaroundtolookwith

greatrespectatlittleJohnnyactuallytalking.Thisishowshypeoplemadegooduseoftheirpowerofpresence:they

"own*'themomentbyspeakingcalmlyandpurposefully,whichtranslatetoapositiveimage.

Shynessisoftenrelatedtomodesty.Nottosaythatlimelight-seekersaren'tmodest,butshypeopletendtohave

anaccuratesenseoftheirabilitiesandachievements.Asaresult,theyareabletoacknowledgemistakes,

imperfections,knowledgegapsandlimitations.

Sinceshypeoplehavealowersensitivitytooutsiderewardsthanoutgoingones,they'remorecomfortable

workingwithlittleinformationandstickingtotheirinnerdesires.Shypeoplearealsomorelikelytoinsistonfinding

solutionsthataren*tprimarilyapparent.Don'tbelieveme?MaybeyoullbelieveAlbertEinstein,whooncesaid,"It's

notIhalI'msosmart,it'sIhalIslaywithproblemslonger."Obviously,findingcertaintywhereuncertaintyistypically

popularisahugeplusforanysuccessfulperson.

Themyththatshypeoplearelesseffectiveleadersthantheiroutgoingfellowsisjustamisunderstanding.Make

wiseuseofyourpersonalitystrengthstoleadyourbusinessnomatterwhatsideoftherangeyoufallon.

17.WecanlearnfromParagraph2that.

A.shypeoplearesensitivetorewards

B.shypeoplecaremoreaboutcontent

C.outgoingpeoplearemorecarefulaboutchances

D.outgoingpeopleconsiderwhattolearnwhilelistening

18.TheexampleofJohnnyshows.

A.shypeoplearelikelytobemodest

B.hardworkingstudentsspeaklittleinpublic

C.somestudentskeepsilentonpuiposeatschool

D.shypeoplemayhaveanadvantageindiscussion

19.WecanlearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5that.

A.successresultsfromdevotionB.shynesscontributestopopularity

C.outsiderewardleadstoinsistenceD.uncertaintycountsmorethancertainty

20.Theauthorsupportshisideasmainlyby.

A.givingdefinitionsandpresentingresearchresults

B.explainingproblemsandprovidingsolutions

C.quotingauthoritiesandmakingevaluations

D.makingcontrastsandgivingexamples

【答案】17.B18.D19.A20.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要分析了生性害羞的人與外向的人相比有著一定的優(yōu)勢。

【17題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Ratherthantheflashychit-chatthatdefinessocialgathering,shypeoplelisten

attentivelytowhatotherssayandabsorbitbeforetheyspeak.They'renotthinkingaboutwhattosaywhiletheother

personisstilltalking,butratherlisteningsotheycanlearnwhattosay.（害羞的人不像社交聚會那樣浮華地閑聊，

而是認真傾聽別人說什么，并在他們開口之前就消化了。當(dāng)對方還在說話的時候，他們不會考慮說什么，

而是傾聽，這樣他們就能學(xué)會說什么。）”可知害羞的人很認真地聽其他人所說的內(nèi)容并消化吸收。他們認

真地聽是因為他們可以從別人所說的話中學(xué)到很多。這些都說明害羞的人實際上非常在意別人說話的內(nèi)容。

故選B項。

【18題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Thisishowshypeoplemadegooduseoftheirpowerofpresence：they"own”

themomentbyspeakingcalmlyandpurposefully,whichtranslatetoapositiveimage.（這就是害羞的人如何很好

地利用他們的風(fēng)度的力量：他們冷靜而有目的性地說話，“擁有”這一刻，這轉(zhuǎn)化為積極的形象。）”可知

很害羞不愿意表達自己觀點的Johnny一直都沒有說話，但他突然插話，所有人都轉(zhuǎn)身聽他陳述觀點，他鎮(zhèn)

定地陳述了自己的思想。這個例子說明因為害羞的人平時很少說話，但是一旦發(fā)表觀點了，別人就很在意。

在討論中往往會有一點優(yōu)勢，故選D項。

【19題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句"Shypeoplearealsomorelikelytoinsistonfindingsolutionsthataren'tprimarilyapparent.

（害羞的人更可能堅持找到并不是很明顯的問題的解決方法。）”這說明害羞的人很專注于自己的問題。故

選A項。

【20題詳解】

推理判斷題。作者在文章中主要通過把害羞的人和外向的人進行比較，也通過舉例說明的方法說明害羞的

人在各方面都有一些優(yōu)勢。故選D項。

D

Lovethewayyouwalk

Listencarefullytothefootstepsinthefamilyhome,andyoucanprobablyworkoutwhoiswalkingabout.The

featuresmostcommonlyusedtoidentifypeoplearefaces,voicesandfingerprints.Butthewaytheywalkisalsoa

giveaway.

Researchershaveusedvideocamerasandcomputerstoanalyzepeople'sgaits,andarenowquitegoodatit.But

translatingsuchknowledgeintoapracticalidentificationsystemcanbetricky.Camerasareoftenvisible,aredifficult

tosetup,requiregoodlightingandmayhavetheirviewblockedbyotherpeople.AteamledbyDr.OzanyanandDr.

Scullyhavebeenlookingforabetterwaytorecognizegait.Theiranswer:pressure-sensitivemats.

Suchmatsarenothingnew.Theyhavebeenpartofsecuritysystems.ButOzanyanandScullyuseacomplicated

versionthatcanrecordtheamountofpressureappliedindifferentplacesassomeonewalksacrossit.These

measurementsformapatternuniquetothewalker.Theresearchersturnedtoanartificial-intelligencesystemto

recognizesuchpatterns,anditseemedtowork.Inastudyin2018,theytestedthesystemonadatabaseoffootstepsof

127people.Theyfounditserrorrateinidentifyingwhowaswhowasamere0.7%.AndScullysaysevenwithouta

databaseoffootstepstoworkwith,thesystemcandeterminesomeone'ssexand,withreasonableaccuracy,a

subject'sage.

Oneapplicationofthemat-basedgait-recognitionsystemmightbeinhealthcare,particularlyfortheelderly.A

matplacedinanursinghomeoranoldperson'sownresidencecouldmonitorchangesinanindividuafsgaitthat

indicatescertainillnesses.Thatwouldprovideearlywarningofsomeonebeingatgreaterriskoffallingover.

Gaitanalysismightalsobeusedasasecuritymeasureintheworkplace,monitoringaccesstorestrictedareas,

suchaspartsofmilitarybases,serverfarmsorlaboratoriesdealingwithdangerousmaterials.

Perhapsthemostinterestinguseofthemats,though,wouldbeinpublicplaces,suchasairports.Forthattowork,

thefootstepsofthosetoberecognizedwouldneedtohavebeenstoredinadatabase,whichwouldbeharderto

arrangethanthecollectionofphotographsandfingerprintsthatexistingairportsecuritysystemsrelyon.Many

aircreworpreregisteredfrequentflyerswouldwelcomeanythingthatspeededuponeofthemosttiresomepartsof

moderntravel.

21.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?

A.Researchequipment.B.Researchfindings.

C.Researchassumption.D.Researchbackground.

22.AccordingtoParagraph3,thematisusedto.

A.collectdataB.ensuresafety

C.determineageD.analysepressure

23.Thegait-recognitionsystemmightbeappliedto.

A.monitorsecurityworkprogressB.detectpotentialhealthproblems

C.keeptrackoftravellingfrequencyD.warnpassengersofpossibledangers

24.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.compareandeducateB.examineandassess

C.discussandpersuadeD.explainandinform

【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.D

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要向我們介紹了通過步態(tài)來識別人的身份的一項新的科學(xué)研究：壓敏墊。

可用它來識別身份和監(jiān)控健康。

[21題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段Researchershaveusedvideocamerasandcomputerstoanalyzepeople'sgaits,andare

nowquitegoodatit.Buttranslatingsuchknowledgeintoapracticalidentificationsystemcanbetricky.研究人員己

經(jīng)使用攝像機和電腦來分析人們的步態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很擅長于此。但是將這些知識轉(zhuǎn)化成一個實際的識別系

統(tǒng)是很困難的?？芍?，本段主要講述了研究背景。故選D項。

【22題詳解】

2田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段BuiOzanyanandScullyuseacomplicatedversionthatcanrecordtheamountofpressure

appliedindifferentplacesassomeonewalksacrossit.但是Ozanyan和Scully使用了一個復(fù)雜的版本，可以在有

人走過時記錄步伐在不同位置產(chǎn)生的壓力值。可知，這個墊子是用來收集數(shù)據(jù)的。故選A項。

【23題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Amatplacedinanursinghomeoranoldperson'sownresidencecouldmonitorchanges

inanindividual'sgaitthatindicatescertainillnesses.Thatwouldprovideearlywarningofsomeonebeingatgreater

riskoffallingover.將光纖墊安裝在養(yǎng)老院或老人自己家中，可以監(jiān)測一個人步態(tài)的變化，預(yù)測某些疾病。這

將提供早期預(yù)警，例如提醒某人較有可能摔倒?？芍?，步態(tài)識別系統(tǒng)可用于檢測潛在的健康問題。故選B

項。

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中AteamledbyDr.OzanyanandDr.Scullyhavebeenlookingforabetterwayto

recognizegait.Theiranswer:pressure-sensitivemats.由Ozanyan博士和Scully博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組一直在尋找

識別步態(tài)的更好方法。他們的答案是：壓敏墊。并通讀全文可知，本文主要向我們介紹了通過步態(tài)來識別

人的身份的一項新的科學(xué)研究：壓敏墊。所以可推測本文的主要目的是解釋并告知。故選D項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題海小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Aculturalviewonpersonalspace

Ifsawell-knownfactthattheBritishpreferalarge“bubble“ofpersonalspacearoundthem.25And

inSouthAmerica,afriendmaygrabyoubythearmduringconversationtomaketheirpoint.

Now,astudypublishedintheJournalofCross-CulturalPsychologyhaslookedintowhydifferentcultureshave

suchdifferentapproachestopersonalspace.26Theydevelopedanearlierstudythatdividedindividuals

into"contact"and"non-contact“cultures.Contactcultures-southernEuropean,LatinAmericanand

Arabian-engagedinmoretouchingandstoodcloserduringconversationthannon-contactculturesinnorthern

Europe,NorthAmericaandpartsofAsia.

Toadegree,thisprovedcorrect.Argentinabecomesknownasthemosttouchy-feelynation;peopleherekeep

thesamedistancefromastrangerasaBritishpersonwouldanacquaintanceandaCanadianindividualaclosefriend

orpartner.27Theycomeoutwiththewidestdistanceyoushouldstandfromastranger——morethan

1.3m-butoneofthenarrowestgapsforclosefriends,just40cm,comparedtonearly60cmforaBritishperson.So

thetheoryofwarmversuscoldisnotasstraightforwardasitsounds.

28Thehigheracountry'saveragetemperature,thecloserpeoplewillstandtoastranger.Butolder

peopleinwarmclimateskeepabiggerdistancefromclosefriendsandstandclosertostrangers;womengenerally

keepagreaterdistancefromsomeonetheydon'tknow.

Theacademicsleadingthisstudyadmitthatthereisalotmoretodo.Butwhatwedoknowistokeepyour

distanceinCanada;prepareforahuginArgentina.29Theyliketostandcloserthananybody.Tokeep

warmperhaps.

A.It'simportanttogetthedistanceright,though.

B.Romaniansclearlytakelongertoestablishtrust.

C.Howclosewestandtootherpeoplevarieswidelybetweencountries.

D.AndifyouendupongoodtennswithaNorwegian,don'tdrawback.

E.However,inIndiapeoplewillpackintotrainsandbuseswithoutasecondthought.

F.Onetheorytheresearcherswantedtotestwaswhetherclimateaffectspersonalspace.

G.Thestudycertainlyfoundthatclimate,ageandgenderhaveaneffectonpersonaldistanceacrosscultures.

【答案】25.E26.F27.B28.G29.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了個人空間的文化觀。

【25題詳解】

根據(jù)上文"It'sawell-knownfactthattheBritishpreferalarge"bubble"ofpersonalspacearoundthem.（眾所周知,

英國人更喜歡周圍有一個大的個人空間）”及下文"AndinSouthAmerica,afriendmaygrabyoubythearm

duringconversationtomaketheirpoint."可知，本段是介紹不同地方人們的習(xí)慣性行為，E項"然而，在印度，

人們會毫不猶豫地擠進火車和公共汽車”符合語境。故選E。

【26題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Theydevelopedanearlierstudythatdividedindividualsinto'contact'and'non-contact'cultures.（他們

開展了一項更早的研究，將個體分為‘接觸'文化和‘非接觸‘文化）”可知，空處應(yīng)是提到一些研究人員，

指明下文They的具體指代對象，F(xiàn)項“研究人員想驗證的一個理論是，氣候是否會影響個人空間”符合語

境。故選F。

【27題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Theycomeoutwiththewidestdistanceyoushouldstandfromastranger—morethan1.3m-butone

ofthenarrowestgapsforclosefriends,just40cm,comparedtonearly60cmforaBritishperson.（他們與陌生人之

間的距離是最寬的——超過1.3米——但與親密朋友之間的距離是最窄的，只有40