名詞、冠詞-2021年新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法及題型大全 （含答案）

名詞專題

判斷詞性，確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

1.根據(jù)題干的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是設(shè)空前的限定詞判斷詞性：冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、量詞、形容詞和介詞后應(yīng)

接名詞形式。

2.根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷詞性：如果所填詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用所給詞的名詞形式。

3.確定詞性為名詞后，根據(jù)常用的前后綴將所給詞轉(zhuǎn)換成適當(dāng)?shù)男问?，然后再根?jù)名詞本身確定可數(shù)與不

可數(shù)，如果名詞可數(shù)，則需根據(jù)名詞前的限定詞或修飾語(yǔ)，確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。

①不定冠詞a、an后用單數(shù)名詞。

②名詞前有oneofthe時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

③名詞前有many、several、few>afew、anumberof、hundredsof,acoupleof、adozenof、all、

both、other等詞時(shí)，填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

④名詞前有超過(guò)1的基數(shù)詞，如two、three等時(shí)，填復(fù)數(shù)。

⑤名詞前有形容詞different、various等時(shí)，填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

4.利用謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)來(lái)確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。

①所填名詞作主語(yǔ)，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式are、were、have等，填復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

②所填名詞作主語(yǔ)，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)，則填單數(shù)名詞。

5.提示詞是名詞，分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)詞性不需改變，則考慮用所給名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，同時(shí)注意不規(guī)則變

化的情況。

6.牢記習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞或短語(yǔ)

belongings/possessions"財(cái)物"；congratulations“祝賀"；surroundings"環(huán)境"；goodmanners"禮貌"；taketurns

“輪流”；takepains“努力”；inalldirections"向四面八方"；inruins“成為廢墟”;inhighspirits“興致勃勃”；

livingconditions“生活條件”等。

7.①牢記永遠(yuǎn)不可數(shù)的重點(diǎn)名詞：fun“樂(lè)趣"；furniture”家具"；information“信息”；progress“進(jìn)步"；advice

“建議"；weather"天氣"；equipment"設(shè)備"；knowledge“知識(shí)"；homework"家庭作業(yè)"；housework"家務(wù)

活“；work”工作"；luggage/baggage”行李

②同一個(gè)名詞如experiencesuccess等有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)的用法。

8.注意名詞所有格與名詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有或所屬關(guān)系；名詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞，表材料、類別、用途等.

考點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)

名詞按其詞匯意義可分為專有名詞和普通名詞。普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單

數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則

①可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

變化規(guī)則例詞

mouth—>mouths

一般情況下在詞尾直接加-S

house—>houses

glass—glasses

以-x,?ch,?sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es

match—>matches

country—>countries

以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加-es

factory^-factories

holiday—holidays

以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加-s

monkey—monkeys

piano—pianos

一般在詞尾加-S

photo-photos

以-0結(jié)尾的名詞

hero—>heroes

有些在詞尾加-es

potato-potatoes

一般要變f或fe為v加seUselves

-eswoUwolves

以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞

roof^-roofs

少數(shù)直接加-S

belief^-beliefs

②名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means（方式，方法），series,species

man一men,woman一women,child—children,tooth—>teeth,foot—>feet,

詞形變化

mouse—>mice

將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：passer-by-passers-by,looker-on-lookers-on

合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)通常在最后一個(gè)詞后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾：grown-up—>grown-ups,

stand-by^stand-bys

名詞前有man或man/woman和中心詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式：womandoctor-womendoctors,

woman修飾manwaiter—>menwaiters

【名師點(diǎn)津】

（1）常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：thanks,congratulations,wishes,greetings,shoes,trousers,works（著作；工廠）,

manners（禮貌）,instructions（操作說(shuō)明）,directions（用法說(shuō)明）,papers（試卷；文件）,times（時(shí)代）等。

（2）一些固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞只用復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)的有：taketurnstodosth.,inhighspirits,makefriendswith,

shakehandswith,makepreparationsfor,makebothendsmeet,takepainstodosth.等。

2.不可數(shù)名詞

（1）?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的，因此沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般也不能用a或an修飾。通常只用作

不可數(shù)名詞的有：milk,music,homework,housework,weather,news,butter,information,bread,advice,progress,

equipment,fun,luggage,luck,work（工作）,traffic,furniture,wealth,word（消息）,room（空間）,man（人類）等。

【名師點(diǎn)津】

word意為"消息"，room意為"空間”，man意為“人類”時(shí)通常不帶任何修飾詞。

（2）抽象名詞的具體化

具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉挠校?/p>

抽象名詞（不可數(shù)）具體化（表達(dá)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞）

insurprise驚訝地asurprise一件令人驚訝的事

winsuccess獲得成功asuccess一個(gè)成功的人/一件成功的事

winhonour贏得榮譽(yù)anhonour一個(gè)值得尊敬的人/一件值得尊敬的事

failure失敗afailure一個(gè)失敗的人/一件失敗的事

byexperience靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)anexperience一次經(jīng)歷

withpleasure樂(lè)意apleasure一件樂(lè)事

考點(diǎn)二名詞的格

1.4所有格

主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名詞，其變化方法如下:

構(gòu)成例詞

一般是在名詞詞尾加'SJohn'shome

以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只在詞尾加’students9textbooks

詞尾不帶-（e）s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍加，schildren'sgame

2.of所有格

表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系；名詞短語(yǔ)或有定語(yǔ)修飾的有生命的名詞也常

用。f所有格。

thetitleofthearticle

thenameofthegirloverthere

3.雙重所有格

雙重所有格的構(gòu)成為：“名詞+of+名詞y或“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。表示“其中之一”或“其中

一部分”，名詞前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修飾，但不能用the。

apictureofmymother's

thislittlecatofyoursister's

【名師點(diǎn)津】

(1)表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、地方等無(wú)生命的事物的名詞也可以借助'S表示所有關(guān)系。

aweek'sholidaythirtyminutes'ride

(2)表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格之后的shop,office,house,home等常省去。

atthedoctor's(office)atMr.Green's(house)

當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練

L高考真題診斷,單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.(2020?全國(guó)新高考I)Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,and(strong)havehelpedyou

facechallengesinyourlife.

2.(2020?全國(guó)卷II)ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe

beginningofspring.

3.(2020?全國(guó)卷III)Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

4.(2019?全國(guó)卷I)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaround

humansettlements,leadingtoa(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.

5.(2020?全國(guó)卷I)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalot

ofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)，moresothanthefamiliarnearside.

IL精選典題名詞專題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練?單句語(yǔ)法填空

6.Well,wecertainlyknowfrom(evident)inthesleepcenterandthatofmanyotherscientiststhatnaps

cangiveyoubenefitsforbothyourbrainandyourbody.

7.Sometimesthere'ssomuchworkforyoutodealwithandyoufeelit'sbeyondyourabilityto

fulfillit.Actually,youcantake(measure)tohelpyourself.

8.Myfirst(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.

9.Thereisalsonewevidencethatgreenteacanhelptodestroybacteriainourbodies.Itis

especiallyeffectiveatriddingbacteriaofyour(tooth)andkeepthemhealthy!

10.ItthinksthatSinglishmayhurtpeople's(able)tospeakstandardEnglishand

makeithardIbrthemtocommunicatewithforeigners.

11.Therobotcanshowemotions,likeangerand(sad)andchangeintodifferentmoods,dependingon

thetopicssheistalkingabout.

12.OnceIbrokea(neighbor)window.Seeingnobodyaround,Iranawayimmediately.

13.MountVesuviushadnoteruptedforcenturies,sothepeopleofPompeiifeltthattheywerein(safe).

14.Eventhoughthereweren't(leaf)onthetrees,yetIcouldstillhearbirdssingingsongsofspring.

15.TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)isanimportantpartofChineseculture.Great

(success)havebeenmadeinmanyareasthroughTCMcures.

Ill..精選典題名詞專題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練?短文語(yǔ)法填空

AyoungmaninWuhan.HubeiProvincehasbecomethelatestInternetsensationafteravideoshowinghis

heart-warmingactonasubwaytrainwentviralonsocial21.(medium)recently.

Inthevideo,themancanbeseenholdinghismobilephoneinhishandafterfallingasleeponaMetro,witha

messageinlargefontonthescreenwhichreads,“Pleasewakemeifyouneedmyseat.”

ThevideowasrecordedbyafellowpassengerwhoposteditonWeibo.Thevideo,whose22.(long)

wasjustsevenseconds,hasbeenviewedmorethan19million23.(time)injusttwodays.Chinese

netizensweregreatlytouchedbytheyoung24.(man)actandgreetedhimwithastormof25.

(applaud)fbrhiskind26.(behave).Aweb27.(use)evencommented,onlyneededseven

28.(second)tofallin29.withthisyoungman”.

Thehumblemanrefusedaninterview30.(invite)afterbecominganInternetstarandsaidthathe

justdidwhathefeltheshould.InaWeibopost,hethankednetizensfbrtheirloveandpraise.Hesaidhewould

alwaysfallasleepwhenhehadnothingtodoonthetrainbutworriedothersmayneedtheseat,sohegottheideaof

makingamessageonhisphonescreen.

冠詞解題兩步法

1.判斷設(shè)空后的名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。若是可數(shù)名詞，看是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。

2.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)確定是泛指還是特指。復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞表泛指，其前不加任何冠詞；單數(shù)可

數(shù)名詞表泛指時(shí)其前需要加不定冠詞，表特指要加定冠詞the。

【名師點(diǎn)津】a與most連用，位于形容詞之前時(shí)，most是表示程度的副詞，意為“非?！?；the與most連用，

位于形容詞或副詞之前時(shí)，most是最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志，意為“最……的”。

兩個(gè)口訣巧判用a/an還是the

①用定冠詞的情況：特指雙熟悉，上文已提及，世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二，專有名詞前、西洋樂(lè)器前、序數(shù)詞與最高

級(jí)前。

②用不定冠詞的情況：泛指一類人與物，與。ne同義表“一”；和序數(shù)詞一起表”又一，再一“，詞首字母讀元

音，冠詞就要用an,其他一律用a。

五種可能填冠詞的情況

1.填不定冠詞的情況：

①________+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

②+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

2.填定冠詞的情況：

①（+定語(yǔ)）+名詞+of等介詞短語(yǔ)（表特指）

②（+定語(yǔ)）+名詞+定語(yǔ)從句（表特指）

③（+定語(yǔ)）+名詞+不定式/分詞短語(yǔ)（表特指）

根據(jù)固定搭配或用法確定冠詞

①動(dòng)詞（catch/lake/hit等）+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位。

②ataloss”不知所措"；awasteof...“浪費(fèi)...''；havealook/takeawalk”看一看/去散步”等固定搭配。

③a+比較級(jí)（+名詞），表“一個(gè)更……的人或物”。

④抽象名詞具體化的名詞（可概括為：驚、樂(lè)、憾、傲、慰、險(xiǎn)、助、成、敗、美）surprise、pleasure,pity、

pride、comfort、danger>help、success>failure、beauty,表具體的意義”一個(gè)”時(shí)，其前應(yīng)加不定

冠詞a或an。

考點(diǎn)一不定冠詞

不定冠詞用于表示泛指，一般修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，有a和an兩種形式。當(dāng)緊跟冠詞的名詞的第一個(gè)音

素是輔音音素（不是輔音字母）時(shí)，用不定冠詞a；當(dāng)緊跟冠詞的名詞的第一個(gè)音素是元音音素（不是元音字母）

時(shí)，用不定冠詞an。

1.不定冠詞的基本用法

（1）用于第一次提到或出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個(gè)。

Atthattime,Iwasworkinginafactory.Thefactoryproducescarparts.

（2）用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，泛指一類人或事物，或指同類中的“一個(gè)”。

（福建卷）The'ChineseDream“isadreamtoimprovepeople'swell-beingandadreamofharmony,peaceand

development.

（3）表示數(shù)量“一”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念；或表示“任何一個(gè)”。

（北京卷）Laterthatmorning,Dariosuggestedthattheywritealettertotheirneighborsandapologizefortheir

playing.

（4）用于表示人名的專有名詞前，表示“一個(gè)叫……的人，一個(gè)類似……的人，一部……的作品”。

（四川卷）Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.

（浙江卷）ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.

2.不定冠詞的活用

（1）用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一

（北京卷）Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,younevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression.

（2）不定冠詞可以用在某些具體化的抽象名詞前，?？嫉木唧w化的抽象名詞有success,failure,surprise,pleasure,

beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。

(山東卷)Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.

(3)有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of...時(shí)，前面需用不定冠詞a/an0havea

(good)knowledgeof...“精通..."；havea(clear/good)understandingof...“了解....

Ifyoudon'thaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish,ifsoutofthequestionforyoutouseitflexiblyandfluently.

3.不定冠詞用于固定搭配中

allofasudden突然

asamatteroffact事實(shí)上

ataloss不知所措；困惑

payavisitto參觀；拜訪

be/goonadiet節(jié)食

givesb.alift讓某人搭便車(chē)

haveagiftfor...在……方面有天賦

haveawordwith與……談話

makeafoolof愚弄

inahurry匆忙地

inaway在某種程度上

keepaneyeon留意；留神

makealiving謀生

awasteof...浪費(fèi)……

onceinawhile偶爾

asaresult/consequence因此

考點(diǎn)二定冠詞

1.定冠詞的基本用法

(1)前面已提及的人或物再次被提到時(shí)，或談話雙方都知道的人或物前，一般要加定冠詞，表特指。

Takeyourtime-ifsjustashortdistancefromheretotherestaurant.

(2)用在被短語(yǔ)或從句修飾的名詞前，表特指。

(重慶卷)1justheardthebankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbyagunmanwearingamask.

⑶用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人或夫妻倆；或用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、形容詞或分詞前，表示一

類人或物。

TheSmithswentonanaround-the-worldtrip.

Soldierscametorescuethoseburiedundertheruins,andthegovernmentprovidedfood,clothesandsheltersfor

thehomeless.

(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前，或用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代工

It'ssaidthatcomwasgrownalotinTibetinthe17thcentury.

(5)在形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞前或由only,very,same等修飾的名詞前面用定冠詞the。

(陜西卷)Asisknowntoall,thePeople'sRepublicofChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.

2.定冠詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)及固定短語(yǔ)中

(1)用于“by+the+表示計(jì)量單位的名詞(day/houi7dozen等)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“按...計(jì)算”。但size,weight這類

名詞跟by連用時(shí)不加定冠詞。

(江西卷)一It'ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000ayear.

—Right,hewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.

(2)用于“動(dòng)詞(hit,strike,pull,take等)+sb.+介詞+the+表示身體部位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中的the不可用物

主代詞代替。

hitsb.onthehead打某人的頭

pull/takesb.bythehand拉/抓住某人的手

strikesb.intheface打某人的臉

(3)用于the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)(越……就越...…)結(jié)構(gòu)中。

Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.

(4)用于固定搭配中：

atthemoment此刻，目前

bytheway順便說(shuō)一下

intheway阻礙；擋路

gotothecinema/theater去看電影/戲劇

inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處

inthehabitof有……的習(xí)慣

makethemost/bestof充分利用

notintheleast一點(diǎn)也不

onthecontrary與此相反

ontheotherhand另一方面

theotherday幾天之前

totell(you)thetruth(跟你)說(shuō)實(shí)話

tothepoint中肯，切題

taketheplaceof代替

forthetimebeing暫時(shí)

考點(diǎn)三零冠詞

1.零冠詞的基本用法

(1)復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞表泛指時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。

(2018?北京卷)Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.(江西卷)The

Smithsdon'tusuallylikestayingathotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbythesea.

(2)名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞等限定詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不

用冠詞。

(2018?天津卷)Fireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.

(3)表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位、頭銜的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前通常用零冠詞。

(四〃|卷)Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordand

Cambridge.^^

(4)用于表示無(wú)特指意義的季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名詞及球類、棋類和學(xué)科名詞前。

Ofallthesubjects,Ilikehistorybestbecauseitgivesusausefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.

【名師點(diǎn)津】

表示一日三餐、季節(jié)、月份、星期等的名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)或指具體的某一頓飯或特指某一餐、某一季節(jié)、月

份等時(shí)，其前要用冠詞。

Accordingtotheweatherreport,wewillhaveaveryhotsummerthisyear.

Theonlythingthewoodmanhadwasagoodsupperofabigsausage.

(5)系動(dòng)詞turn(變成)后的單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)不用冠詞。

Afteryearsofhardwork,TomturnedengineerwhileMarybecameagoodmanager.

2.零冠詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)及固定搭配中

⑴用于“零冠詞+as/though+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“雖然……但是……

Goodchoiceas/thoughitmaybe,hehasdecidedtogiveitup.

(2)用于固定搭配中：

atdawn/dusk/night/noon在黎明/黃昏/夜晚/中午

on/catchfire著火

bymistake錯(cuò)誤地

bychance/accident碰巧

inhistory在歷史上

underrepair在維修中

handinhand手拉手

doharmto...對(duì)……有害

onpurpose故意地

inplace在正確位置

indanger在危險(xiǎn)中

makeroomfbr...為……讓出空間

inreturn作為回報(bào)

atpresent目前

aheadoftime提前

inadvance提前

loseheart灰心

outofcontrol失控

3.有無(wú)冠詞意義不同的搭配

attable在吃飯

atthetable在桌子旁

atschool在上學(xué)

attheschool在學(xué)校

inhospital住院

inthehospital在醫(yī)院里

inchargeof掌管

inthechargeof...在……掌管之中

outofquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)

outofthequestion不可能

當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練

I.高考真題診斷?單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.（2020?全國(guó)卷H）Theplumtreesarefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting（融化）。

2.（2019?全國(guó)卷I）Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsub-populations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,

oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

3.（2019?全國(guó)卷H）Shesaid,"Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacallsayingshewas

short-listed,wethoughtitwasjoke.”

4.（2018?全國(guó)卷II）Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehas

increasedonly7percent.

5.（2018?全國(guó)卷III）Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingattopof

herlungs.

n.精選典題冠詞專題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練?單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyou

enjoy.

2.Afterwork,helearnedtoplayguitar.Helikedlivingonthefarm,forthelifewassimple.

3.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,

otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.

4.1couldonlytellhimtruth.Insteadofscolding,hepraisedmyhonestyandthen

encouragedmetoapologizetoourneighbor.

5.The'adobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredby

evenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.

6.OnediscoveryImadeaboutgivingsomethingawayisthatitisalmostpossibletogiveanything

awayinhisworld,andthereturnoftencomesinunexpectedway.

7.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofmostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.

8.Tothisbeautiful,culturallyremarkableisland,people'srecognitionishonor.

9.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomontopfloor.

10.1visitedHangzhouforthefirsttimeinthesummerof2019.ItissoattractivethatIdecidedto

gothereforsecondtimenextyear.

III.精選典題冠詞專題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練?短文語(yǔ)法填空

Iwastravelingin(21)_________smallplaceinNewYork.(22)___________smallplacehadno

taxfor(23)__________shortdistance.Onehadtotakearickshaw(人力車(chē)).1calledoutfor

(24)oldmaninthewaitingline.

BeforeIgoton(25)rickshaw,Iautomaticallyaskedhowmuchhewouldchargetotakemeacrossto

(26)Mall.Iwastold"10dollars.ThenIstartedbargaining.Hejustgivemeahardsmileandsaid;

aWhateveryoufeellike,pleasegiveme.Itisnotnecessarytobargainonthissmallamount.”

Iwas(27)bitashamedatmyselfandkeptquietwhilehecontinued,“Unlikethosetaxis,myvehicl

edoesnotrunonpetrolordieselorevengas;itrunsonmysweat.Sopleasegiveittomewithasmile,for

(28)moneyhastofeedsomanyhungrymouthsathome.”

WhenwereachedtheMall,Igavehim(29)moneyandthesmileasrequestedandaddedagentlepat

onhisback.HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmilefbr(30)longtime.

課后作業(yè)

4

Youneedsomebreadandmilk.Buthalfanhourlater,youleavethesupermarketwithatrolley（手推車(chē)）full

offood.Whatgamesdosupermarketsplaytomakeusspendsomuchmoney?

Thetricksstartjustwhenyougointothesupermarketsand,ofcourse,asmallbasketwouldbefine,butall

theyhavearetrolleys.Andofcoursetheproblemwithatrolleyisthatitlookssadandlonelywithjustoneortwo

productsinside.Sowemayfillitwithsomething.Infact,supermarkettrolleysareactuallygettingbiggersothat

webuymore.

Ofcourse,manypeopleshopinsupermarketsbecausetheythinkeverythingischeaperthaninothershops.So

supermarketsofferverycheappricesonsomethingsbutthenhavehigherpricesforotherproducts.Onenewtrick

istoputredstickers（標(biāo)簽）onproducts.Customersusuallyconnectredstickerswithlowerpricessothered

stickersareeasytobenoticed,evenwhenthereisnoreduction!Interestingly,thistrickappearstoworkmorewith

menthanwithwomen.

Thereisastorybehindthepositionofeverythinginthesupermarket.Forexample,customersoftengoonlyto

buymilk.Sotheyputitrightattheback,forcingyoutogopasthundredsofshelvesfullofotherproducts.The

positionofproductsoneachshelfisalsoimportant.Themostexpensiveproductsareusuallyateye-levelsoyou

seetheseimmediately.Theexceptionisanythingthatchildrenmightlike.Theseproductsareonlowershelvesso

thatkidsseethem.

Apartfromwhatyouseeandsmellinasupermarket,whataboutwhatyoulistento?Inmostsupermarkets

theyhavesoft,slowmusic.It'ssorelaxingthatyouslowdownandspendmoretime（andmoney）inthestore.You

alsomovemoreslowlywhenthesupermarketisbusy.Expertssuggestit'sbettertoshopwhenit'squieter,ona

MondayoraTuesdayforexample.Andbecarefulwithqueuesatthecheckouts.Thesearesometimesdeliberate,to

makeyoubuysomethingfromthecheckoutshelveswhileyouwait.

So,nexttimeyougointoyourlocalsupermarket,rememberthesetricksandseeifyoucancomewithjustthe

thingsyouwentfor.

11.Supermarketsprovidetrolleysinsteadofsmallbasketsbecause.

A.trolleyscanhelpcustomersmovequicklyandsavetime

B.basketscanholdonlyoneortwoproductsinside

C.itisinconvenientforcustomerstousebaskets

D.trolleysarebiggersothatcustomerscanbuymore

12.What'sthemainpurposeofputtingredstickersonsomeproducts?

A.Toattractcustomersandmisleadthemintothinkingthosegoodsarecheaper.

B.Totellthemencustomersthosegoodsareespeciallymadeforthem.

C.Toremindcustomersthoseproductsarebargaingoods.

D.Tomakethemlookfresherandmorebeautiful.

13.Wherearethemostexpensiveproductsusuallyputinthesupermarkets?

A.Rightatthebackofthesupermarkets.

B.Attheentrancetothesupermarkets.

C.Onlowershelveswherekidscangetthemeasily.

D.Oneye-levelshelveswherecustomerscanseethemimmediately.

14.WecanlearnfromPara.5thatsupermarketsusually.

A.stoppeopleliningupatthecheckouts

B.makecustomersspendmoremoneybyplayingrelaxingmusic

C.havenocustomersonMondaysandTuesdays

D.forcecustomerstobuysomethingfromthecheckoutshelves

5

WantawonderfultravelinLondon?Don'tmissthefollowing!

TheGuardsMuseum

TheGuardsMuseumwascreatedasaneducationaltoolforthenewestintakeoftheGuardsandincludes

exhibitsofuniformforthefiveRovalregiments（團(tuán)）datingfromtheCivilWar,withdetailsofthenatureandorigin

oftheirceremonialdutiesrightuptotheircontemporaryrole.Toanyoneinterestedintheseworld-famoussoldiers

thisLondontouristattractionisamust-see.

Telephone:02074143428

Toytheatre

Toytheatre（orpapertheatre）wasmostpopularinthe1800s,andconsistsofpapertheatres,somewithan

extraordinarylevelofdetail,allowingchildrentostagetheirownproductionsathome,usuallywithcut-outsheets

offiguresfbrthescenery,props（道具）andvariouscharactersintheplay.

Telephone:02079671066

CharlesDickensMuseum

TheCharlesDickensMuseum,anauthor'shousemuseumatDoughtyStreet,isacelebrationofoneofthe

greatestnovelistsinBritishhistory.Themuseumexhibitsover100,000itemsfrompersonalitemstoartworks（藝

術(shù)品）fromsomeofhisbooks.ItissaidthatDickenswrote3ofhismostfamousstorieswhilelivinghere,Oliver

Twist,NicholasNicklebyandThePickwickPapers.Thebuildingisthewriter'sonlysurvivingLondonhouseand

wecangettoknowwhatlifeinthehouseholdwouldhavebeenlike.

Telephone:02074052127

FoundlingMuseum

TheFoundlingMuseumwasoriginallyoneofthefirsthousesinLondonforabandonedchildrenandhoused

over27,000childrenbeforeitsclosure（關(guān)I田）.SincethenthisLondonattractionhastransformed（轉(zhuǎn)化）itselfinto

onespecialLondonmuseumwithalargecollectionofartworksandsocialhistoryrelatingtothechildrentakenin

andtheterriblesocialproblemsthatledtochildrenbeingabandonedbytheirparents.

Telephone:02078413600

15.Whichwillyoucallifyouprefersomehistoryofthearmy?

A.02074143428B.02079671066

C.02074052127D.02078413600

16.WhatcanwelearnfromtheCharlesDickens