2022年中考英語考點復習 八年級(下)　Units 9～10（教材知識梳理課件+練習）-2022年《三步?jīng)_刺中考•英語》之第1步重課本·理考點（人教版）

八年級(下)

Units9～10重點單詞9.amusement,somewhere,camera,invention,invent,unbelievable,progress,rapid,unusual,toilet,encourage,social,peaceful,performance,perfect,itself,collect,German,theme,ride,province,thousand,safe,simply,fear,whether,Indian,Japanese,fox,equator,whenever,spring,mostly,location10.yard,sweet,memory,cent,toy,bear,maker,scarf,soft,check,board，junior,clear,bedroom,own,railway,part,certain,honest,while,truthful,hometown,nowadays,search,among,crayon,shame,regard,count,century,opposite,especially,childhood,consider,hold,重點詞組9.amusementpark,learnabout/of,leadto,putup,teaart,teaset,makeprogressin,encouragesb.todosth./insth.acoupleof,threequarters,thousandsof,allyearround,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…10.yardsale,breadmaker,softtoy,checkout,boardgames,juniorhighschool,clearout,nolonger,partwith,asfor,tobehonest,重點句子9.①—Haveyoueverbeentoasciencemuseum?—Yes,Ihave.IwenttotheNationalScienceMuseumlastyear.②—Haveyoueverbeentothespacemuseum?—No,Ihaven’t.10.①Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?②Ihavehaditforthreeyears.③IhavehaditsinceIwasachild.10.①Ihavebeenawayforthepastfewyears.②Eventhoughit’sold,it’sfullofinterestingplacestoseeandthingstodo.③It'sbeenaroundforhundredsofyears.④It'sbeenaroundforaslongasIcanremember.重點語法反義疑問句

。復習現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)口語交際9.Talkaboutpastexperiences.10.Totalkabouttheplacesandchangesinyourhometown.書面表達9.介紹曾經(jīng)去過的地方10.介紹充滿回憶的事物和生活環(huán)境的變化?；貧w教材1.Meneither.(教材P65圖片文字)Meneither的用法PointMeneither是常見的交際用語，表示自己的情況與前面的否定情況一樣，此處相當于Neither/NorhaveI。“Neither/Nor+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/be動詞+主語”表示前面所述的否定情況也同樣適用于另一個人或物?！狪don’tlikewinter.It’stoocold.—Meneither.(=NeitherdoI.)回歸教材【拓展延伸】如果表示自己的情況和前面的肯定情況一樣,則用Metoo或“So+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/be動詞+I”?！癝o+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/be動詞+主語”表示前面所述的肯定情況也同樣適用于另一個人或物。—

Ioftenvisitmygrandparentsonweekends.—Metoo.(=SodoI.)回歸教材2.Let'sgosomewheredifferenttoday.(教材P651c)somewhereadv.在某處；到某處Point形容詞修飾somewhere時，形容詞應放在somewhere之后。適用于這種用法的詞有：some-，any-，every-，no-構成的復合詞。Canwegosomewherewarm?Iwanttogosomewhereinterestingtorelaxwithfamily.【拓展延伸】在否定句和疑問句中，常用anywhere代替somewhere，anywhere意為“在任何地方”。

Manyoftheseanimalsarenotfoundanywhereelse.Didyougoanywhereinteresting?回歸教材3.It’sreallyinteresting,isn’tit?(教材P662d)反意疑問句Point1本句是一個反意疑問句。反意疑問句是指在陳述句后附加一個簡短問句，用于征詢肯定或否定的意見，或者希望陳述句所說的內(nèi)容得到證實。一、反意疑問句的兩種形式:①肯定的陳述句＋否定的簡短問句②否定的陳述句＋肯定的簡短問句二、反意疑問句的答語:反意疑問句的答語應符合事實。事實是肯定的，用yes；事實是否定的，用no。當句式是“前否定，后肯定”時，翻譯要以事實為依據(jù)，yes翻譯為“不”,no翻譯為“是的”?！猅heyhadmilkandbreadforbreakfast,didn'tthey?—Yes,theydid.肯定否定—Heisn’tateacher,ishe?—No,heisn’t.是的，他不是。/Yes,heis.不，他是?？隙ǚ穸ɑ貧w教材inventionn.

發(fā)明；發(fā)明物Pointinvention在此處作可數(shù)名詞，意為“發(fā)明；發(fā)明物”,此外,invention還可作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“發(fā)明”。其動詞形式為invent,意為“發(fā)明;創(chuàng)造”。inventor作名詞,意為“發(fā)明家”。Edisoninventedalotofthings.Hewasagreatinventorandheisfamousforhisinventions.4.I

learnedabouttheinventionsthatledtocolormovies,too.(教材P662d)回歸教材unbelievableadj.難以置信的；不真實的Point11.It'sunbelievablethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!(教材P673a)

unbelievable由“否定前綴un-+believable”構成，其反義詞是believable“可信的”。Thestoryyoutoldusissounbelievable.【拓展延伸】由否定前綴un-構成的其他常見詞匯：unhappy(不幸福的)，unlucky(不幸的)，unfriendly(不友好的)，unknown(不知名的)，unfair(不公平的)回歸教材progressv.&n.進步；進展Point21.It'sunbelievablethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!(教材P673a)

①progress在此處作不及物動詞。Iaskedthenursehowmyfatherwasprogressing.②progress還可作不可數(shù)名詞，常用much，great，rapid等形容詞修飾。makeprogressin表示“在……方面取得進步”。WehavemadegreatprogressinlearningEnglish.回歸教材rapidadj.迅速的；快速的Point31.It'sunbelievablethattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!(教材P673a)

rapid作形容詞，其副詞形式為rapidly，意為“迅速地；快速地”。Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Chinahasenteredanewera.WithCaiLun'spapermakingmethod,Chineseculturegrewmorerapidlyoverthenextseveralcenturies.回歸教材encouragev.

鼓勵Point12.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.(教材P673a)

encourage作動詞，常用結構有：encourageencouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事encouragesb.in…在……方面鼓勵某人Mary'steacheroftenencourageshertobepositive.Myfatherencouragedmeinmydreamtobeamodel.【拓展延伸】encouragement作名詞，意為“鼓勵；起激勵作用的事物”。Withencouragement,Sallyisstartingtoplaywiththeotherchildren.回歸教材socialadj.

社會的Point22.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.(教材P673a)

social作形容詞，常用在名詞前作定語。Weshouldtreatsomesocialproblemsreasonably.【拓展延伸】social的名詞形式為society，意為“社會”。Nowadays,theeducationofsafetyhascaughttheattentionofthewholesociety.回歸教材perfectadj.

完美的；完全的Point3.Theteaartperformancesshowhowtomakeaperfectcupofteawithbeautifulteasets.(教材P673a)

perfect讀音[

p(r)f

kt]，不要讀成[p

fekt]。perfect無比較級和最高級形式。類似地，excellent，favorite也只用原級。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Nobodyisperfect.人無完人。回歸教材collectv.

收集；采集Point4.I'vefinallyrealizedwhymygrandpalovesdrinkingteaandcollectingteasets.(教材P673a)

Ilikecollectingstampswhilemybrotherlikescollectingcoins.【拓展延伸】collect的相關詞：collectv.收集；采集collectionn.收藏；收藏品collectorn.

收藏家Thefamouscollectorhascollectedmanythingsinthepastfiftyyears.Hiscollectionsarepriceless.現(xiàn)在完成時（2）一、現(xiàn)在完成時中的ever和never①ever的含義及用法ever作副詞，意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句和疑問句中，位于助動詞have/has之后、過去分詞之前。Haveyoueverseenanythinglikeit?你曾見過像它這樣的東西嗎?Idon'tthinkIhaveeverbeenherebefore.我覺得我以前從未到過這里。②never的含義及用法never作副詞，意為“從不；從未”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時中，表示否定含義，位于助動詞have/has之后、過去分詞之前。IhaveneverlosttheweightIputoninmyteens.我在十幾歲時增加的體重從沒減下去過。Haveyoueverbeentoasciencemuseum?Yes,I’vebeentoasciencemuseum./No,I’veneverbeentoasciencemuseum.Haveyouevervisitedthespacemuseum?Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear./No,Ihaven’t.I’vebeentotheartmuseummanytimes.Me,too.AndI’vealsovisitedthenaturemuseum.I’veneverbeentoawaterpark.Meneither.Findsentencesusingthestructure“have/hasbeento”.Whatdotheymean?have/hasbeento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，暗含現(xiàn)在已不在那里了。后可接次數(shù)，如once,twice,threetimes等，表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和just，never，ever等連用。MysisterhasbeentoDaliantwice.我姐姐去過大連兩次。HaveyoueverbeentotheWestLake?你曾經(jīng)去過西湖嗎?have/hasgoneto表示“去某地了”，暗含說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場。—WhereisJim?吉姆在哪里?—HehasgonetoEngland.他去英國了。(尚未回來)二、have/hasbeento與have/hasgoneto的區(qū)別回歸教材acoupleof兩個；一對；幾個Point1.Well,I'vealreadybeenthereacoupleoftimes,butI’mhappytogoagain.(教材P684a)

acoupleof后跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。acoupleof...作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Thereareacoupleofshoesinmybedroom,buttheyarenotapair.Acoupleofmonkeysareplayinginthetree.回歸教材Germanadj.德國的；德語的；德國人的n.

德語；德國人Point2.TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.(教材P684a)

①German在此處作形容詞，意為“德國的”。Germancarsaredifferentfromours.②German作形容詞，還可意為“德語的；德國人的”。IfindGermangrammarisverydifficult.③German還可作名詞。作不可數(shù)名詞時，意為“德語”；作可數(shù)名詞時，意為“德國人”，其復數(shù)形式為Germans。IknowalittleGerman.ThereareafewGermansinourschool.【拓展延伸】Germany作名詞，意為“德國”。MybestfriendcomesfromGermany.區(qū)分：Englishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→FrenchmenGerman→GermansChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese回歸教材一方面……另一方面……Point11.Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,…Ontheotherhand,…(教材P702b)

ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...常用于列舉原因、情況等，說明一個事物的兩個方面。有時ontheotherhand也可單獨使用。Ontheonehand,teachersshouldtakegoodcareofthestudents;ontheotherhand,studentsshouldrespecttheirteachers.回歸教材分數(shù)的表達法Point21.Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,…Ontheotherhand,…(教材P702b)

threequarters意為“四分之三”。分數(shù)在英語中通常借助基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞來共同表達。其中分子常用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。如果分子大于1，分母要用復數(shù)形式。三分之二twothirds十分之一a/onetenth【拓展延伸】分數(shù)修飾名詞在句子中作主語時，若該名詞為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若該名詞為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Aboutonefifthofthewaterispolluted.Abouttwothirdsofthestudentsaregoingtoattendthemeeting.回歸教材simply

adv.僅僅；只；不過Point2.…,soyoucansimplyspeakPutonghuaalotofthetime.

(教材P702b)

simply在此處相當于just或only。Simplyaddhotwaterandstir.【拓展延伸】simply還有“簡單地；簡樸地”的意思。simple作形容詞，意為“簡單的；容易的”。Thebookexplainsgrammarsimplyandclearly.Theylivesimply.Themachineisverysimpletouse.回歸教材fearv.&n.害怕；懼怕Point3.Maybeyoufearthatyouwon'tbeabletofindanythinggoodtoeatwhenyoutravel.(教材P702b)

①fear在此處作及物動詞，意為“害怕；懼怕”，相當于beafraidof。Childrenusuallyfeartogooutaloneatnight.

Hefearsthathemaylosehisjob,soheworkshardeveryday.②fear還可作名詞，意為“害怕；懼怕”

。beinfearof“害怕……；擔心……”。Don'tletalittlefearstopyoufromgettingwhatyouwant.

Weareinfearoftigers.回歸教材whetherconj.

不管……（還是）；或者……（或者）；是否Point4.WhetheryoulikeIndianfood,WesternfoodorJapanesefood,you'llfinditallinSingapore!(教材P702b)

①在此處whether作連詞，常與or連用，意為“不管……（還是）；或者……（或者）”，引導讓步狀語從句。

Whetherthenewsistrueornot,youshouldbeprepared.②whether作連詞，還可意為“是否”，引導賓語從句（名詞從句）。MydeskmateaskedmewhetherIneededanyhelp.回歸教材wheneverconj.

在任何……的時候；無論何時Point5.Soyoucanchoosetogowheneveryoulike—spring,summer,autumnorwinter.(教材P702b)

whenever作連詞，此處引導讓步狀語從句，相當于nomatterwhen。與其用法相似的還有：whatever=nomatterwhat無論什么whichever=nomatterwhich無論哪一個wherever=nomatterwhere無論在哪里whoever=nomatterwho無論誰however=nomatterhow無論如何Whenever/Nomatterwhenithappened,itwascertainlynotlastFriday.Thequalityisthesame,whicheverofthemyouchoose.Whoever/Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytheschoolrules.【拓展延伸】whenever還可意為“每當；每次”，此時用來引導時間狀語從句。MissChanisverypatient.Wheneverweaskquestionsinclass,sheexplainstousverycarefully.whenever引導時間狀語從句時，不可與nomatterwhen互換?；貧w教材1.—Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?—I’ve

had

it

forthreeyears.(教材P73圖片文字)howlong

多長時間Pointhowlong在此處引導特殊疑問句，用于詢問“多長時間”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。對其回答時常用“for+時間段（for可省略）”“since+過去的時間點或從句”或“since+時間段+ago”。—HowlonghasshebeeninChina?—ShehasbeeninChinasincethreeyearsago.—HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?—Formorethanfiveyears./Morethanfiveyears.回歸教材2.Amywantstokeepheroldthingsbecausetheybringbacksweetmemories.(教材P731b)memoryn.記憶；回憶Pointmemory在此處作可數(shù)名詞，其復數(shù)形式為memories。Whatisyourearliestmemory?【拓展延伸】①memory作名詞，還可意為“記憶力”。Ihaveabadmemory.②memorize作動詞，意為“記憶”。MyChineseteacheraskedmetomemorizethepoem.回歸教材3.Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeopleinneed.(教材P731b)giveaway贈送;捐贈Point1Hewasgivinghiscollection

away

for

nothing.【拓展延伸】與give相關易混淆的短語有：giveout分發(fā)；giveoff放出，釋放；givein投降，屈服；giveup停止，放棄；giveortake相差不到……。He

wouldn’t

give

out

any

information.Three

thousand

people

came,

give

or

take

a

few

hundred.

回歸教材3.Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeopleinneed.(教材P731b)inneed貧困；在困境中Point2inneed意為“貧困；在困境中”，為固定短語。inneedof意為“需要……”。Wearecollectingmoneyforchildreninneed.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(諺語)患難見真情。Afterworkingfortwelvehours,shewasingreatneedofarest.回歸教材4.Andcheckoutthesesofttoysandboardgamesforyoungerkids.(教材P742d)checkout察看；觀察Point1checkout為“動詞+副詞”型短語，若代詞作其賓語，要放在check與out之間。該短語中check作動詞，意為“檢查，審查”。Maybeweshouldgotothelibraryandcheckitout.【拓展延伸】①checkout還有“結賬離開”的意思，其反義短語為checkin，意為“（在旅館、機場等）登記，報到”?！猈hattimeshouldwecheckout?—By2p.m.We’vecheckedinatthehotel.②check還可作名詞，意為“檢查；支票”。Ikeepacarefulcheckonmybloodpressure.CanIpaybycheck?回歸教材4.Andcheckoutthesesofttoysandboardgamesforyoungerkids.(教材P742d)softadj.

軟的；柔軟的Point2soft作形容詞，意為“軟的；柔軟的”，反義詞為hard，“堅硬的”。Itisveryrelaxingformetolieonasoftsofaafteralongtimestudy.【拓展延伸】soft的其他常見含義：①（聲音或音樂）輕柔的，柔和的。Itiseasyformetofallasleepwithsoftmusic.②（顏色或燈光）柔和的，不耀眼的。Iliketoreadabookintheparkinthesoftlightoftheafternoon.③不強烈的，和緩的。多用來形容雨、雪、風等。Softrainstartedfallingandwewentbackhomequickly.現(xiàn)在完成時（3）一、含since或for的現(xiàn)在完成時某些動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時可表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“for+時間段”“since＋過去的時間點或從句”或“since+時間段＋ago”連用。Hehasworkedhereforovertwentyyears.Hehaslearnedabout5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege.She’sbeenatthisschoolsincefiveyearsago.【拓展延伸】含for和含since的現(xiàn)在完成時的句子有時可互相轉換。我從13年前開始就住在這里。I’velivedheresince13yearsago.=I’velivedherefor13years.=Ithasbeen13yearssinceIbegantolivehere.思考:與howlong,for或者since搭配使用在現(xiàn)在完成時中的動詞有什么共同特點？二、現(xiàn)在完成時中的謂語動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中，與“for+時間段”“since+過去的時間點或從句”或“since＋時間段＋ago”連用的動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。常見的延續(xù)性動詞有have，live，teach，learn，work，study，know等；常見的非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）有come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，join，buy，getmarried等。他入團兩年了。(×)HehasjoinedtheLeaguefortwoyears.(√)HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.這塊手表我買了兩年了。(×)Ihaveboughtthiswatchfortwoyears.(√)Ihavehadthiswatchfortwoyears.回歸教材havebeenin+地點名詞Point1.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.(教材P764a)

havebeenin+地點名詞，常與時間段連用，表示“待在某地（多長時間）”。當havebeenin后面接地點副詞時，省略in。—HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?—Ihavebeenheresincesixyearsago.回歸教材aroundadv.在某處；在附近Point1.It’sbeenaroundforatleast20years.(教材P771d)

此處around作地點副詞，表示“在附近；在某處”。I

told

you.

He’s

not

around.【拓展延伸】around作副詞，還可意為“大約，左右；四周；掉頭”，作介詞，意為“在……附近；圍繞；到處”等。Therearearoundonehundredstudentshere.(adv.大約)We

spent

years

travelling

around

in

anold

car.(adv.到處)Sheturnedthecararoundanddroveoff.(adv.掉頭)There

is

a

new

movie

theater

open

around

the

corner.

(prep.在附近)The

discussion

centered

around

four

subjects.(prep.圍繞)around

和round

有何區(qū)別？回歸教材searchv.&n.搜索；搜查Point1.Nowadays,millionsofChineseleavethecountrysidetosearchforworkinthecities.(教材P782a)

①search在此處作動詞，意為“搜索；搜查”。search(+地點)forsb./sth.（在某處）搜尋某人/某物searchsb.搜某人的身Hesearchedforhisschoolbageverywhere.Visitorsareregularlysearchedastheyenterthebuilding.②search意為“搜索；搜查”時還可作名詞。insearchof意為“尋找……”。Theymadealongsearchforthemissingchild.Tomwenttothebigcityinsearchofagoodjob.回歸教材amongprep.在（其）中；……之一Point2.AmongtheseisZhongWei,a46-year-oldhusbandandfather.(教材P782a)

among作介詞，用于三者或三者以上的情況，其常見用法如下：①用來引出最高級的比較范圍。Themovieisthebestamongthemodernmovies.②表示“……之一”，相當于“oneof…”。NewYorkisamong(=oneof)thelargestcitiesintheworld.【易混辨析】among與betweenamong用于三者或三者以上Amongalltheschoolsubjects，Englishismyfavorite.在所有的學校科目中,我最喜歡英語。between指兩者之間Thepaperfelldownbetweenthedeskandthewall.那張紙掉在桌子和墻壁之間(的縫隙里)了。【特別提醒】表示“三個或三個以上的人或物中的每兩個之間”，應用between，而不用among。Shetakessomemedicinebetweenmeals.她在兩餐之間吃些藥。(不可換為among)回歸教材regardv.（尤指以某種方式）注視，凝視；Point3.ManypeoplelikeZhongWeiregardwithgreatinteresthowtheirhometownshavechanged.(教材P782a)

(1)regard在此處作動詞，意為“（尤指以某種方式）注視，凝視”。Shestoodbackandregardedhimcoldly.(2)regard作動詞時，還可意為“將……認為；把……視為；看待”，regard…as…表示“把……當作/視為……”Hisworkishighlyregardedbyartists.Wealwaysregardredasthesymbolofhopeandgoodluck.將……認為；把……視為；看待回歸教材accordingto依據(jù)；按照Point4.AccordingtoZhongWei,however,somethingswillneverchange.(教材P782a)

accordingto在此處意為“據(jù)……所說”。AccordingtoProfessorLi,robotsplayanimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife.Accordingtothetimetable,thetrainleavesat8:27.回歸教材oppositeprep.與……相對；在……對面adj.

對面的；另一邊的Point5.Inmyhometown,therewasabigoldtreeoppositetheschool.(教材P782a)

opposite作介詞，“與……相對；在……對面”作形容詞，“對面的；另一邊的”作名詞，“對立的人或物”Thereisabankoppositeourschool.Weliveontheoppositesideoftheroad.What’stheoppositeofactive?回歸教材considerv.注視；仔細考慮Point6.consider

(教材P792b)

①consider作及物動詞，意為“注視”。Heconsideredthemanforsometimebeforespeakingtohim.②consider作動詞，還可意為“仔細考慮”，與thinkabout同義。considerdoingsth.“考慮做某事”。Thegovernmentcontinuestoconsiderwaystosolvetheproblem.Youhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.Iseriouslyconsideredhavingashorttripafterthisimportantexam.回歸教材closeto幾乎；接近Point7.ZhongWeihasn’tbeenbackinclosetothreeyears.(教材P792c)

Hewasclosetotears.他幾乎要掉眼淚了。It’sclosetosixo’clock.Let’sgo.（=almost）Myhouseisclosetothenewsupermarket.（=near）回歸教材holdv.擁有；抓住Point8.…,

andhishometownisstilltheplacethatholdsallhischildhoodmemories.(教材