二晚英語課復習重點

PAGE1-二晚英語課復習重點名詞和主謂一致一、名詞知識點講解1．名詞的幾個注意事項①有兩種復數(shù)形式的名詞。peopleeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(人民—people,民族—peoples))fisheq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(魚條數(shù)—fish,魚種類—fishes))pennyeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(便士面值—pence,便士硬幣個數(shù)—pennies))②只表示復數(shù)意義的集體名詞。people人，人們police警察cattle牛③側(cè)重成員時表示復數(shù)意義，側(cè)重整體時表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞。class班級family家庭team隊public大眾army軍隊government政府④常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞。clothes衣服glasses眼鏡chopsticks筷子trousers褲子goods商品；貨物contents目錄sands沙灘woods森林；樹林times時代lines臺詞surroundings環(huán)境belongings財產(chǎn)earnings收入arms武器manners禮貌customs海關(guān)；關(guān)稅forces軍隊papers文件；試卷；論文⑤of前的名詞是picture,photo,portrait,statue等時用of所有格和雙重所有格意義有區(qū)別。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(apicture/photoofmymother,我媽媽本人的一張照片,apicture/photoofmymother's,我媽媽擁有的一張照片))⑥常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作定語時用復數(shù)；man和woman作定語時，其單復數(shù)根據(jù)被修飾詞的單復數(shù)變化。sportsmeeting運動會salesmanager銷售經(jīng)理mendoctors男醫(yī)生womenteachers女教師2．高考常考的名詞方向⑦名詞在語法填空中會考到名詞的數(shù)、所有格以及名詞的構(gòu)詞法。⑧短文改錯題?？疾槊~的數(shù)和名詞所有格。對點訓練完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～⑧)第一組單項填空1．(2013·浙江卷)Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow,the________offoodbecomesmoreandmoreofaconcern.A.worth B.supplyC.package D.list2．(2013·江蘇卷)Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakea________forthebetter.第二組語法填空3．(2013·江西卷)WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith________(patient)．4．—DoyouknowwhyJanewassoangry?—Herroommategaveinto________(curious)andopenedtheletteraddressedtoher.5．Goodshoes,clothesandabackpackarethebasic________(equip)youneedforyourhiking.二、語法一致知識點講解①主語是可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與主語的數(shù)相一致。②and連接兩個或以上單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。③指物的不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。④“thenumberof...”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“anumberof...”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。⑤“aseriesof,akindof,apieceof,apairof等＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與表計量單位的名詞一致。Fivepiecesofpaperarepaintedred.Apairofjeanscosts80dollars.⑥manya,morethanone接單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。⑦關(guān)系代詞作主語，定語從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞。特別提示⑧“theonlyoneof＋復數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.⑨“oneof＋復數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.⑩主語后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas,ratherthan（而不是）等短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與短語前名詞的數(shù)保持一致。對點訓練完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～⑩)第一組單項填空1．(2013·福建卷)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,________toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvited B.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvited D.hasbeeninvited2．(2013·湖南卷)Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8,450ayear,which________aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are;is B.are;areC.is;are D.is;is第二組語法填空3．—Hey!Hereisamessageonmycellphone,tellingmetosendmoneytothebankaccount...—Deleteit!It'satrick.Manyaperson________(cheat)bysuchtricks.4．ThenumberofforeignersthatcametoHuaihua________(be)stillincreasing.5．Ishetheonlyoneofthestudentswho________(be)herejustnow?6．Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,________(be)interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.三、意義一致知識點講解①表示時間、金錢、距離的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2,500milesisalongdistance.Twohoursistooshortforthevisit.②分數(shù)，百分數(shù)，all,some,most,therest,theremaining,partof等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)of后的名詞決定。特別提示③each,one,noone,some/any/no/everybody/thing作主語或限定主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eachofushasabook.④each,all,both用作同位語時，謂語動詞與主語保持一致。Weeachhaveabook.⑤“the＋形容詞”表示一類人/物時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thebeautifulislovedbyall.⑥當what引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞取決于主語從句指代的意義。Whatwehaveareonlytwohouses.WhatisinterestingisthattheotherlargestcitywasRome.⑦不可數(shù)名詞、不定式、動名詞以及從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Swimmingintheseaisgreatfun.⑧family,team,group,government等集體名詞若看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若側(cè)重其成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Ourteamwinsfirstinthegame.Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.⑨people,cattle,police等集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。⑩可以表示民族，又可以表示語言的名詞如Chinese，表示語言時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；表示民族時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Chineseisdifficulttolearn.Chineseareahard-workingpeople.?population表示人口時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當其前有分數(shù)、百分數(shù)修飾時，表示全體居民，這時謂語動詞用復數(shù)。ThepopulationofCanadaisabout29million.Athirdofthepopulationnowsmokeinthiscountry.?news,maths,plastics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。對點訓練完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～?)第一組單項填空1．Sittingatthebackoftheroom________averyshygirlwithtwobrighteyes,whowasverysadabouthermarks.A.is B.wereC.are D.was2．—Thediscussionisover.________everyonereadynow?—Yes,eachofus________somethingtosay.A.Is;has B.Is;haveC.Are;has D.Are;have3．Whenwhatisperfect________，everythingimperfectwillpassaway.A.come B.comingC.comes D.came4．Therearesomanybooksinhisstudy,aboutonethirdofwhich________worthreading.A.is B.wasC.are D.were第二組語法填空5．—Someofthestudents________(be)senttohospitalafterthethree-kilometreraceyesterday.—Unbelievable!Threekilometres________(be)notverylong.6．Allthescientificevidence________(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming________(be)damagingourhealth.7．Partofthefamily________(be)outonholiday.Theyaresupposedtobebackattheendofthismonth.8．Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren________(have)astronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.四、鄰近一致及主謂一致的特殊情況知識點講解鄰近一致①由or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)要與最靠近的主語的單復數(shù)一致。Washeoryouabletopersuadeher?NeitherhenorIamgoingtothecinema.②在倒裝句及therebe,herebe句型中，若有幾個并列成分作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與最靠近的一個主語一致。Onthewallhangsomepictures.Thereisadeskandsomechairsintheroom.Therearesomechairsandadeskintheroom.主謂一致的特殊情況③and連接并列主語如果是指同一個人或物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Theteacherandsingerisayounglady.④and連接的并列主語是單數(shù)概念，且前面有every,each,no等詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.⑤“one/either/eachof＋復數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。⑥“oneandahalf＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Oneandahalfhoursisenough.⑦“a/an＋單數(shù)名詞＋ortwo”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.⑧“oneortwo＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Oneortwostudentsareplantingtrees.⑨“It＋be＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分”強調(diào)句型中，如果被強調(diào)部分是主語，that/who后謂語與被強調(diào)部分的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Itistheywhohaveworkedthereforfiveyears.⑩“themajorityof＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Themajorityofboyslikefootball.?當man(人類),theworld(世界上的人)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Onlymanknowshowtocook.AlltheworldknowsthatIamright.?aquantityof＋名詞作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)與名詞保持一致；quantitie