2017高考上海卷英語試題（解析版）

./絕密★啟用前2016年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試〔上海卷英語試卷考生注意：考試時間120分鐘,試卷滿分150分。本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第=1\*ROMANI卷〔第1－12頁和第=2\*ROMANII卷〔第13頁,全卷共13頁。所有答題必須涂〔選擇題或?qū)憽卜沁x擇題在答題紙上,做在試卷上一律不得分。答題前,務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名,并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上,在答題紙反而清楚地填寫姓名。第=1\*ROMANI卷<共103分>I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Itissatisfactory.B.Itisluxurious.C.Itisold-fashioned.D.Itisdisappointing.2.A.OnAugust5th.B.OnAugust6th.C.OnAugust7th.D.OnAugust8th.3.A.Awaiter.B.Abutcher.C.Aporter.D.Afarmer.4.A.Inatheatre.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookingoffice.D.Inafurniturestore.5.A.Sheexpectedtoabettershow.B.Shecouldhardlyfindherseat.C.Shewasn’tinterestedintheshow.D.Shedidn’tgetafavourableseat.6.A.Thewomanofteneatsoutforbreakfast.B.Thecafeteriaservesgoodbreakfast.C.Thewomandoesn’thavebreakfast.D.Thecafeteriadoesn’tservebreakfast.7.A.Sellingcucumbers.B.Plantingvegetables.C.Cookingameal.D.Pickingtomatoes.8.A.Themanshouldworkhard.B.Themanshouldturndownthejoboffer.C.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.D.Themancanapplyforthejobagain.9.A.Itisahotandsmoggyday.B.ThereisatrafficjamonKingStreet.C.Avehicleispollutingtheair.D.Themanisreadingareportonline.10.A.Itsendingisnotgoodenough.B.Itsspecialeffectsarenotsatisfying.C.Itdeservesanaward.D.Itisgoodexceptforthescarypart.SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions

11

through

13

are

based

on

the

following

passage.

11.

A.

$1.

B.

$2

C.

$3

D.

$

52.

12.

A.

Pay

the

bills

first.

B.

Spend

2%

of

the

salary

on

living

expenses.

C.

Deposit

$1000

every

month.

D.

Put

part

of

the

money

in

a

savings

account.

13.

A.

Methods

of

saving

money.

B.

Saving

money

for

family

emergencies.

C.

The

importance

of

saving

money.

D.

Secrets

of

spending

money

wisely.

Questions

14

through

16

are

based

on

the

following

passage.

14.

A.

Free

education.

B.

A

sum

of

money.

C.

Donations

from

a

local

newspaper.

D.

Gifts

from

many

people.

15.

A.

Let

students

in

before

school.

B.

Offer

ice

cream

and

coffee.

C.

Introduce

a

bank

into

the

campus.

D.

Reduce

the

traffic

jams

around.

16.

A.

It

lacks

positive

news.

B.

It

should

grow

into

a

big

city.

C.

It

is

a

place

worth

living

in.

D.

It

remains

peaceful

and

quiet.SectionC

Directions:InsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.ClassDiary<June13-19>eq\o\ac<□,13>SUNeq\o\ac<□,14>MON17forafter-classactivityapplicationeq\o\ac<□,15>TUEeq\o\ac<□,16>WEDHandinginthreestudent18eq\o\ac<□,17>THUBasketballClubmeetingTime:12:45—1:30pmPlace:The19eq\o\ac<□,18>FRIFillinginaformwithup-to-datepersonaldataTime:20breakPlace:Thecomputerroomeq\o\ac<□,19>SATBlank21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.WhoisSueWalter?Sheis21incourtandawriter.WhatisSue’ssuggestionforpeoplewithdifficulties?22InSue’seyes,whatisthebestpartaboutherjob?23indecision-making.WhatdoesSuethinkhappinessis?24[答案]1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A11.C 12.D13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C17.Deadline 18.photos 19.stadium20.Lunch21.a<famous>judge22.Askingforhelp23.Havingavoice24.Sharing<withothers>II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.<A>BagsofLoveLastyear,Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother’shouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.<25>_______<wonder>howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand<26>_______happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in<27>______shedistributedittochildren.Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—whywouldshenotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe<28>_____<do>?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop<29>_____<buy>thegroceriesifIfoundout?Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.<30>_____shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn’tneedtokeepitasecret<31>______me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby<32>_____selflessshewas.[答案]25.

Wondering

26.

what

27.

which

28.

had

done

29.

buying

30.

Before

31.

from

32.

how

[解析]試題分析：本文屬于記敘文,我在無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽偷偷地幫助難民,贊美了媽媽善良無私的美麗品質(zhì)。25.

Wondering

考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。動詞wonder與本句主語I構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞wondering在句中做狀語。26.

what

考查主語從句。本句中連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句whathappened并在句中做主語。句意：發(fā)生的事情真讓我很驚訝。27.

which

考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是therefugeecamp,關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞在定語從句中作為介詞in的賓語,inwhich相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where。28.

had

done

考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文告訴我們"我"被派到媽媽家附近工作,這是過去發(fā)生的事情,而媽媽幫助難民是在我來這里工作之前就發(fā)生的事情,所以應(yīng)該使用過去完成時表示過去的過去發(fā)生的事情。29.buying固定搭配。Stopdoingsth停止做某事。30.before題干中是shecouldreact,Igaveherabighug兩個簡單句不能用逗號分隔,說明前面要填連詞,before連接時間狀語從句,表示"來不及就...",句意：在母親還沒來得及反應(yīng),我就緊緊抱住了她。31.form固定搭配,keepfrom隱瞞。題干中keepitsecretfromme的意思是對我保守秘密。32.

how

考查賓語從句。本句中表語從句howselflessshewas作為介詞by的賓語,因?yàn)閟elfless是形容詞,所以使用how來引導(dǎo)這個從句,用法和感嘆句類似。[名師點(diǎn)睛]連詞before最主要的含義為"在之前",但在不同的語境中有不同的翻譯方法。本文中before意為"還沒來得及...就"。before作為連詞,其基本含義是"在……之前",又可以根據(jù)不同語境靈活翻譯成"才"、"還沒來得及就……"、"趁……"、"就"等。具體用法如下：1>與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用

這時候從句雖為肯定形式,根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣譯成"還沒來得及就",如：

BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.

我還沒來得及插話他就為我量好了尺寸。

Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

她還沒來得及邁步,就聽見一聲巨響,接著就是可怕的隆隆轟鳴。2>用于肯定句中強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時間,距離長,或花費(fèi)的精力大,譯成"才"

Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawlands.

我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。

Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.

我們等了很長時間火車才到。3>用于否定句中,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時間,距離短,或花費(fèi)的精力小,譯成"不到……就"如：

Wehadn‘trunamilebeforehefelttired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。4>主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副詞時可以譯為"剛……就"

這時候主句應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài),從句用過去時,還可以用when替代before如：

Wehadscarcelyreachedtheschoolbefore/whenthebellrang.

我們剛到學(xué)校鈴聲就響了。5>有時還有"寧愿"的意思

I‘dshootmyselfbeforeIapologizedtohim.我寧死也不向他道歉。6>用于"It+be/take+時間段+before句型"

在這一句型中又可以根據(jù)主從句的時態(tài)分成兩種情況。

若主句是一般時將來時態(tài),從句是一般現(xiàn)在時.若主句是肯定句意思是"要過多長時間才"；若主句是否定形式翻譯成"用不了多久就"。

Itwillbetwoweeksbeforeeverythingreturnstonormal.

兩周之后一切才能恢復(fù)正常。

Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.

這種狀況或許要過許多年才能得以改善。

Itwon‘tbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我們就會再見面的。這時若主句是一般過去時從句也是一般過去時。若主句是肯定句翻譯成"多長時間之后才",若主句是否定形式翻譯成"沒過多久就"。如：

ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.

過了很長一段時間我才了解到真相。

Itwasn‘tlongbeforeshebecameabravesolider.

沒過多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。

Afterthatitstilltooksevenyearsbeforetheygotmarried.

他們又過了七年才結(jié)婚?？键c(diǎn)：考查語法填空<B>Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress<33>______<regard>asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress<34>______doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the<35>_____<good>yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself<36>_______numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof<37>______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor<38>_____<annoy>withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter<39>______<control>yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely<40>_______<get>ill.[答案]33.

has

been

regarded

34.

that

35.

better

36.

a

37.

you

38.

annoyed

39.

control

40.

to

get[解析]試題分析：本文是一篇說明文,壓力成為了我們生活中常見的一個詞匯。文章告訴我們一定范圍之內(nèi)的壓力能促進(jìn)我們的工作,但一旦壓力過大,就會給我們的生活帶來很多負(fù)面的影響。33.

has

been

regarded

考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。本句的時間狀語是inrecentyears最近幾年以來,該時間狀語通常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用,且句子主語stress與動詞regard構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式hasbeenregarded。34.that考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特點(diǎn)就是去掉itis/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動詞以為的所有的句子成分。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語onlytoomuchstress。35.better考查固定句式"The+比較級,the+比較級"意為"越就越"。本句句意：你承受的壓力越大,你的表現(xiàn)就會越好。所以本空使用good的比較級形式better.36.a考查固定短語。短語anumberof許多,大量；該形容詞短語通常做定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,本句中使用anumberof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式questions。37.you考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意：例如,你是否感覺到對你期待得太多了？本句的主語是you,所以仍然使用賓格you作為介詞of的賓語。38.

annoyed

考查形容詞。形容詞annoyed惱怒的,該詞是由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的形容詞,通常修飾人。本句中該詞和impatient構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系一起和系動詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。39.

control

考查固定搭配。動詞短語hadbetterdosth最好做某事；"hadbetter"是情態(tài)動詞,后面要接動詞原形。

40.

to

get考查形容詞短語。形容詞短語belikelytodosth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的壓力超過150,你就非常有可能生病了。[名師點(diǎn)睛]本文考查了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭方法,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型："Itis〔was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that〔who＋原句其它部分"來強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的意愿：ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened．所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。It’smethatheblamed．他怪的是我。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型最重要的句型是：Itis<was>＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that／who＋句子的其它成份。英語中許多句子常?？梢酝ㄟ^強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對句子的不同成份進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Itistheywho／thatwillhaveameetingtomorrow．<強(qiáng)調(diào)主語>Itisameetingthattheywillhavetomorrow．<強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語>Itistomorrowthattheywillhaveameeting．<強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語>應(yīng)注意的要點(diǎn):1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語〔包括介詞賓語和狀語。其中的it本身沒有詞義。2．強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用who<指人>或that<可指物,也可指人>,若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語,也只能用that,而不能用when或者where。而且連接詞都不能省略。如：Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday．<雖然強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn),但不能用where。>3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語時,that或who之后的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致。如：ItisMaryandTomwhooftendogooddeeds．4．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的時態(tài)常見的有兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。即Itis．．．that／who．．．和Itwas．．．that／who．．．。如：Itwasthewayheaskedthatreallyupsetme．5．判斷一個句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法是：如果將句中的Itis／was．．．that／who．．．去掉,經(jīng)整理后還是一個完整的句子,本句就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。否則,就不是。如：Itwasintoday'snewspaperthatwefoundthenews．去掉Itwas．．．that之后,句子可以整理為:Wefoundthenewsintoday'snewspaper．這是一個完整的句子,故本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。常見考法:1．用介詞短語來作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：Itwasforthisreasonthatheleftthatschool．Itwasinthiswaythathesolvedtheproblem．2．用時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsthatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty．3．用notuntil復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如：ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafilmstar．Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastsbegan．4．在被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分后接定語從句,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。如：ItwasonJuly7th1975whenhewasbornthathisfatherdied．5．通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換來進(jìn)行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑問句或特殊疑問句,或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑問句等。如：WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied？Whenwasitthatthesportsmeetingbegan？ItwasnotTomthatstolethebook．Wasn'tithethathadmadeamistake？6．通過改變系動詞的形式來進(jìn)行考查。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的系動詞除了用is或was外,還可以在其前面加上may／might／must等表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。如：Itmightbehimthatyoumetyesterday．考點(diǎn)：考查語法填空SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accountB.adjustableC.appliancesD.captureE.decorationsF.directG.experimentH.intendedI.operatedJ.soullessK.squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto41theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Lessismore.ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman-bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.InhisModernistview,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary42Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis43design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto44withdecorationandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen45suchasovensandkettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct’sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis46.Forexample,thinkofa<n>47desklamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto48lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto49thesensorysideofournature—sight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantasrational<理性的>.Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool-lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily50thetoothpasteontoourbrush.[答案]41.

D

42.E

43.J

44.G

45.C

46.H

47.B

48.F

49.A

50.K[解析]試題分析：本文屬于說明文,告訴我們好的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)包括四個黃金定律：簡約、功能以及情感等等。41.答案D。動詞capture這里表示"抓住；控制",動詞的賓語部分是theessentialsofgooddesign〔優(yōu)秀設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)。這些年來,設(shè)計(jì)者和美術(shù)工作者們一直在努力抓住優(yōu)秀設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)。42.答案E。名詞decoration表示"裝飾物",decorations作動詞avoid〔避免的賓語。設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該避免不必要的裝飾品。43.答案J。形容詞soulless表示"死板的；無生氣的",soulless修飾design,soullessdesign表示死氣沉沉的設(shè)計(jì),soulless與前面的simplicity相互照應(yīng)。美國出生的建筑師RobertVenturi總結(jié)說如果簡明是差勁地做出的簡明,那么結(jié)果會是毫無生機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。44.答案G。動詞短語experimentwith表示"測試；試驗(yàn)",動詞的賓語為decorationandcolor〔裝飾和色彩。后現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)師開始再次嘗試裝飾和顏色。45.答案C。名詞appliance在這里表示"家用器具"。本句中的名詞組合kitchenappliances〔廚房器具與后面的名詞組合ovensandkettles〔烤箱和水壺相互照應(yīng)。產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)為這種觀點(diǎn)所嚴(yán)重影響,而這種設(shè)計(jì)可以在如烤箱和水壺這類廚房器具中看到。46.答案H。動詞intend表示"打算；想要；有意設(shè)計(jì)",動詞intend在句中的賓語為賓語從句的連接代詞what,動詞intend與前文的aproduct’sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color〔一個產(chǎn)品的功能、目的、形狀、式樣、顏色有相關(guān)性。對于使用者來說最重要的是產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)想要的功能。47.答案B。形容詞adjustable表示"可調(diào)整的",修飾名詞組合desklamp,adjustabledesklamp表示"可調(diào)整的臺燈",adjustable與后文的regularadjustments相互照應(yīng)。例如,考慮一個可調(diào)節(jié)的臺燈。它需要用可以抵擋燈的熱量和使用者常規(guī)調(diào)整的材料制成。48.答案F。動詞direct在這里表示"投射；投向"。句中動詞的賓語為light〔燈光。最重要的是,它需要把光照到需要的位置。49.答案A。名詞account用于動詞短語takeintoaccount,表示"考慮"。他相信設(shè)計(jì)必須考慮到我們天性的感官方面—視覺、嗅覺、觸覺和味覺。50.答案K。動詞squeeze表示"擠壓",句中動詞squeeze的賓語為toothpaste〔牙膏。當(dāng)選擇牙膏類的日常用品時,我們欣賞一件外觀清爽的可以讓我們把牙膏方便地?cái)D到牙刷上的設(shè)計(jì)品。[名師點(diǎn)睛]在選詞填空中,很重要的一點(diǎn)就是要確認(rèn)空格詞的詞匯。下面給大家一些確認(rèn)空格詞詞性的小規(guī)律：1.確定空格為名詞<1>如果空格前面為冠詞a/an/the、形容詞或者及物動詞.,空格處應(yīng)填入名詞；<2>如果空格前面是介詞,空格充當(dāng)該介詞的賓語,需填入一個名詞。<3>如果空格后面是謂語動詞的,且空格前沒有句子主語,空格處應(yīng)填入該動詞的主語<名詞>；2.確定空格為動詞<1>如果空格前面已經(jīng)有名詞或代詞做主語,后面又有名詞或代詞作為動詞的賓語,且中間無謂語動詞,空格處應(yīng)為及物動詞；如F

動詞direct對準(zhǔn),指揮；<2>如果空格處前面是be動詞,后面又無賓語且句意為被動,空格中應(yīng)填及物動詞的過去分詞；<3>如果空格前面是名詞或代詞做主語,后面沒有賓語或有一個介詞加賓語<4>如果空格處前面是名詞或代詞做主語,后面是形容詞,空格應(yīng)填入系動詞或be動詞；<5>如果空格處前有不定式標(biāo)志to,空格處應(yīng)填入動詞原形；另一種情況to是介詞,后面應(yīng)填入動名詞。3.確定空格為形容詞<1>如果空格后面為名詞的,空格處可能填入形容詞；如47.形容詞adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的<2>如果空格處前面是副詞的,空格處可能填入形容詞；<3>如果空格處前面是系動詞或be動詞的,空格處可能填入形容詞作表語。如46.形容詞intended預(yù)期的；4.確定空格為副詞<1>如果空格處前面或者后面為動詞的,空格處可能填入副詞。<2>如果空格處后面是形容詞的,空格處可能填入副詞?？键c(diǎn)：考查選詞填空III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian<專制的>managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment<授權(quán)>hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation<委托>muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike52.A.contrary B.expectation C.degree D.extreme53.A.viceversa B.forexample C.however D.otherwise54.A.outside B.inside C.below D.above55.A.replacing B.assessing C.managing D.encouraging56.A.refer B.contribute C.object D.apply57.A.agreement B.practice C.election D.impression58.A.bossy B.experienced C.western D.male59.A.asking B.training C.warning D.firing60.A.doubling B.maintaining C.reducing D.estimating61.A.honored B.left C.crowded D.compared62.A.economically B.traditionally C.inadequately D.occasionally63.A.deny B.admit C.assume D.ensure64.A.virtual B.ineffective C.day-to-day D.on-the-scene65.A.opinion B.risk C.performance D.attractiveness[答案]51.

D

52.

A

53.

B

54.

D

55.

C

56.

B

57.

A

58.

D

59.

A

60.

C

61.

B

62.

B

63.

D

64.

A

65.

C

[解析]試題分析：本文是說明文,作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麥克雷戈所提出的人性假設(shè)理論中的X理論和Y理論,并介紹了現(xiàn)代社會中一種新型管理理論：授權(quán)管理及其作用。51.答案D。X理論認(rèn)為人們天生討厭工作會做任何事來避免工作。desire想要；seek尋找；lose失去；dislike不喜歡。52.答案A。在任何情況下,盡管相反的理論有很多證據(jù),但是經(jīng)理們?nèi)匀煌釾理論。contrary相反；expectation期望；degree程度；extreme極端。53.答案B。例如,他們認(rèn)為如果要有效工作他們的員工需要持續(xù)的督導(dǎo),或者說決策必須從上級強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行而不需要咨詢。根據(jù)前文提出許多管理者認(rèn)同X理論,本句應(yīng)該具體講認(rèn)同者的理由,因此選擇forexample〔例如。viceversa反之亦然；forexample例如；however然而；otherwise否則。54.答案D。不同文化有不同方式去管理人民。outside在外面；inside在里面；below在下面；above在上面。55.答案C。與獨(dú)裁管理不同的是,某些文化,尤其是在亞洲的一些,人們眾所周知的是它們制定決策的活動有咨詢的本質(zhì)—部門或工作小組的全體人員都被要求為這個過程作出貢獻(xiàn)。replace代替；assess評估；manage管理；encourage鼓勵。56.答案B。與獨(dú)裁管理不同的是,某些文化,尤其是在亞洲的一些,人們眾所周知的是它們制定決策的活動有咨詢的本質(zhì)—部門或工作小組的全體人員都被要求為這個過程作出貢獻(xiàn)。refer查看；contribute貢獻(xiàn)；object反對；apply應(yīng)用。57.答案A。許多西方公司已經(jīng)嘗試去模仿亞洲人的做事方式,這類方式是以廣泛同意為根基的。agreement一致；practice練習(xí)；election選舉；impression印象。58.答案D。某些專家表示女人會成為比男人更起作用的管理者,因?yàn)樗齻冇心芰νㄟ^一種傳統(tǒng)男性管理者不能使用的方式去實(shí)現(xiàn)共同目標(biāo)。bossy專橫的；experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；western西方的；male男性的。59.答案A。最近的潮流是鼓勵員工使用他們自身的主動性,不先詢問經(jīng)理而是去獨(dú)立做決定。ask詢問；train訓(xùn)練；warn警告；fire開除。60.答案C。授權(quán)已經(jīng)成為了減縮趨勢的組成部分：減少公司管理層的人數(shù)。double加倍；maintain維持；reduce減少；estimate估計(jì)。61.答案B。用這種方式減少層級以后,一個公司可能只剩下一層最高層級的高級管理者：減少了公司的管理層級。honour授予榮譽(yù)；beleftwith被留下；被剩下；becrowdedwith擁擠著；becomparedwith與……比較。62.答案B。授權(quán)把委托的想法延伸到比傳統(tǒng)的情況更深遠(yuǎn)的程度。economically經(jīng)濟(jì)地；traditionally傳統(tǒng)地；inadequately不足地；occasionally偶爾地。63.答案D。授權(quán)和委托意味著新形式的管控將確保全面的工作計(jì)劃正在被執(zhí)行,而在新的組織下的運(yùn)營活動會變得更多盈利,而非更少。deny否認(rèn)；admit承認(rèn)；assume假設(shè)；ensure保證。64.答案A。另一種趨勢是不在場的或者虛擬的管理,團(tuán)隊(duì)人員通過電子郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)相互聯(lián)系,在自己家中執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目。本空所填副詞traditionally〔傳統(tǒng)地與后面new〔新的具有對應(yīng)關(guān)系。virtual虛擬的；ineffective無效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現(xiàn)場的。65.答案C。項(xiàng)目管理者依據(jù)他們?yōu)轫?xiàng)目所做出的貢獻(xiàn)而不是花在上面的時間來評估團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的表現(xiàn)。opinion觀點(diǎn)；risk風(fēng)險；performance表現(xiàn)；attractiveness吸引力。[名師點(diǎn)睛]本篇完形填空對于上下文串聯(lián)及詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了集中考查,占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇,圍繞一個話題論述,因此在行文中詞語的重復(fù)、替代、復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。根據(jù)這個原則,某一個空格所對應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞,考生可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系來確定答案。所以,解題時應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索,如某一個詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。但由于我們在做題時不可能總是重復(fù)地閱讀文章,因此,在做完形填空時要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。如本文57題考查上下文串聯(lián)。亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法,這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)之上的,西方人也想學(xué)習(xí)這樣的管理方法。故A項(xiàng)名詞"agreement同意、協(xié)議"正確?？键c(diǎn)：考查說明文閱讀SectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.<A>Oneearlymorning,IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword"Poems"appearedinbig,hotpinkletters."Isitgood?"Iaskedher."Yeah,"sheanswered."There’soneIreallylikeandyou’lllikeit,too."Ileanedforward."‘PattyPoem,’"shereadthetitle.WhoisPatty?Iwondered.Thepoembegan:Sheneverputshertoysaway,Justleavesthemscattered=1\*GB3①wheretheylay,…=1\*GB3①散亂的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.Thefinalonecamequickly:Whenshegrowsandgatherspoise=2\*GB3②,=2\*GB3②穩(wěn)重I’llmissherharum-scarum=3\*GB3③noise,=3\*GB3③莽撞的Andlookinvain=4\*GB3④forscatteredtoys.=4\*GB3④徒勞地AndI’llbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshock."It’syou,honey,"Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent’saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,the"she"inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying."What’swrong?"mymotherasked."OhMama,"Icried."Idon’twanttogrowupever!"Shesmiled."Honey,it’sokay.You’renotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I’llstillloveyou,okay?""Okay,"Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthinkingaboutthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,likeapuzzle.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson’sworld.Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but"PattyPoem"remainsmypoem.Afterall,"PattyPoem"gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.66.WhywasthewriterattractedbythebookBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?A.Itwasathickenoughbook.B.Somethingonitscovercaughthereye.C.Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.D.Ithasameaningfultitle.67.Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfelt______atfirst.A.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confused68.Thewriter’smotherlikedtoread"PattyPoem"probablybecause______.A.itreflectedherownchildhoodB.itwaswritteninsimplelanguageC.itwascomposedbyafamouspoetD.itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappen69.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat"PattyPoem"leadsthewriterto_______.A.discoverthepowerofpoetryB.recognizeherloveforpuzzlesC.findhereagernesstogrowupD.experiencegreathomesickness[答案]66.

B

67.

A

68.

D

69.

A

[解析]本文敘述了作者童年的閱讀往事,作者無意間感覺《值得重復(fù)閱讀的最受喜愛詩歌》這本書有趣,在母親和她分享了一篇名為《Patty的詩》的詩歌后,作者感悟到了詩的魅力—語言有創(chuàng)建或破碎一個人的世界的力量,由此開始了她的詩意人生。66.答案B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword"Poems"appearedinbig,hotpinkletters,作者因?yàn)榉饷嫔蟨oem這個單詞的大個深粉色的字母受到吸引,也就是書封面上的某個東西吸引了她〔Somethingonitscovercaughthereye,選B。67.答案A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分詩歌的下面一段的Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme…Then,theshock,作者首先感受的是悲傷,然后是震驚,因此最初感到悲傷〔sad,選A。68.答案D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二部分詩歌下面的第三段Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent’saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves,對于母親來說,詩歌揭示的是孩子長大并離開后的一位家長的情感,因此符合條件的是它給了她關(guān)于將要發(fā)生的事情的一點(diǎn)暗示〔itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappen,選D。69.答案A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二部分詩歌下面的第七段Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson’sworld,《Patty的詩》使作者為詩歌的思想而著迷,詩歌的語言有創(chuàng)建或破碎一個人的世界的力量；第八段"PattyPoem"gavememyloveforpoetry…becauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost,《Patty的詩》讓作者愛上詩歌是由于一種痛。因此符合條件的為《Patty的詩》引導(dǎo)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了詩歌的力量。[名師點(diǎn)睛]本文屬于判斷推理題中的人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時一定注意：〔1由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思,切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)?！?特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言,以及表達(dá)感情,態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭,尤其是感情色彩的形容詞?！?能結(jié)合自己平時積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識來識別評價。以為例,根據(jù)文章最后一段"Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but"PattyPoem"remainsmypoem.Afterall,"PattyPoem"gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost."可知這首詩讓作者感受了詩歌的美,讓作者愛上了詩歌,這首因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)詩歌有強(qiáng)烈的情感沖擊力。考點(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀〔BIstherelinkbetweenh