《英文科技論文寫作》課件

PowerPointcoursewareforEnglishscientificpaper目錄CONTENTSIntroductionFundamentalsofScientificandTechnicalPaperWritingWritingTechniquesforScientificandTechnicalPapers目錄CONTENTSExampleanalysisofscientificandtechnicalpapersCommonProblemsandCountermeasuresinWritingScientificPapersSummaryandOutlook01IntroductionThiscourseisdesignedtoprovidestudentswiththeskillsandknowledgenecessarytowriteEnglishscientificpaperseffectivelyItfocusesontheessentialelementsofscientificwriting,includingthestructureofascientificpaper,theuseofappropriatelanguageandgrammar,andtheimportanceofclearanddecisioncommunicationCourseIntroductionToimprovestudents'languageproficiencyinscientificwriting,includinggrammar,vocabulary,andpresencestructureTofamiliarizestudentswiththenormsandconventionsofEnglishscientificwriting,suchascitationstyleandreferencingTodevelopstudents'abilitytowriteacademicandwellstructuredEnglishscientificpapersCourseobjectives02FundamentalsofScientificandTechnicalPaperWritingTitlepageContainsthetitleofthepaper,thenameoftheauthor(s),thenameoftheinstitution(s),andcontactinformationAbstractSummarizethemainpointsofthepaper,includingtheresearchquestion,methods,resultsandconclusionsIntroductionDescribethebackgroundandsignificanceoftheresearch,introducetheresearchquestionandobjectivesPaperstructurePaperstructureMethodsDescribetheresearchdesign,datacollection,andanalysismethodsResultsPresentsthefindingsoftheresearch,includingtables,figures,andstatisticalanalysisDiscussionExploretheimplicationsandlimitationsoftheresearch,comparisonswithpreviousstudiesandsuggestionsforfuturedirectionsConclusionSummarizethemainpointsofthepaperandemphasizeitssignificanceAveragecolloquiallanguageandexpressionsthatarenotcommonlyusedinacademicwritingUseformallanguageCheckforgrammar,spellingandpunctuationerrorsbeforesubmittingthepaperProofreadandeditUsetheactivevoicetomakethetextmoreconsensusanddirectUseactivevoiceAvoidusingsubjectivelanguagethatmayaffectreaders'interpretationoftheresearchfindingsUseobjectivelanguageLanguageandGrammarAvoidanceplateauDonotcopyorparaphrasesomeoneelse'sworkwithoutpropercitationDonotfalsedataorresultstosupportone'sargumentDeclareanypotentialconflictsofinterestthatmayaffecttheinterpretationoftheresearchfindingsUseappropriatecitationstyleandformattocreditothers'workAvoidancefalseAverageconflictofinterestCitepropertyAcademicEthicsandNorms03WritingTechniquesforScientificandTechnicalPapersTitleAtitleshouldbeconsistent,descriptive,andreflectthemainfocusofthepaperItshouldnotexceed15wordsandavoidusingjargonoracronymsthatarenotwidelyrecognizedAbstractTheabstractshouldsummarizethemainpointsofthepaper,includingtheresearchquestion,methods,results,andconclusionsItshouldbewritteninaclear,objective,andnontechnicalmanual,andshouldnotexceed250wordsTitleandAbstractWritingMaintextwritingIntroduction:Theintroductionshouldsetthestagefortheresearchbyprovidingabriefoverviewofthefield,theresearchquestion,andtheimportanceofthestudyItshouldbewritteninawaythatisunderstandabletononspecialtiesMethods:Themethodssectionshoulddescribetheexperimentaldesign,datacollection,andanalysistechniquesindetailItshouldbewritteninastepbystepmannerandincludeenoughinformationforotherstoreplicatethestudyResults:TheresultssectionshouldpresentthedatainaclearandorganizedManner,avoidingoverpresentationorspecificationTablesandfiguresshouldbeusedtoenhanceunderstandingDiscussion:Thediscussionsectionshouldinterprettheresults,placetheminthecontextofpreviousresearch,andidentifytheimplicationsandlimitationsofthestudyItshouldavoidoverenergizingordrawingconclusionsbeyondthedatapresentationReferencecitationProvideacompletelistofreferencesattheendofthepaper,includingallsourcescitedinthetextReferencelistUseaconsistentreferencingstylethroughoutthepaperCommonstylesincludeAPA,MLA,orChicagoStyleIncludeparentheticalcitationsinthetexttocredittheoriginalsourceofinformationorideasIntextcitations04ExampleanalysisofscientificandtechnicalpapersExample1:BiomedicalpapersBiomedicalpapersaretypicallyconcernedwiththediagnosis,treatment,andpreventionofdiseases,aswellasthestudyofhumanbiologyandhealthBiomedicalpapersoftenincludesectionsontheintroductionofthetopic,methods,results,anddiscussionThelanguageusedinbiomedicalpapersshouldbepreciseandobjective,avoidingtheuseofemotionallanguageorunsupportedclaimsTheuseoftables,figures,andstatisticaldataisessentialinbiologicalpaperstoillustrateandsupporttheresearchfindingsEngineeringpaperstypicallyfocusonthedesign,development,andtestingofnewtechnologiesorsystemsEngineeringpapersoftenincludesectionsonthebackground,problemstatement,design,implementation,testing,andconclusionThelanguageusedinengineeringpapersshouldbeclearandconsistent,avoidingtheuseofjargonortechnicaltermsthatmaybeunfriendlytothereaderEngineeringpapersoftenrequiretheuseofequationsanddiagramstoillustratecomplexconceptsandprocessesExample2:EngineeringPapersEnvironmentalsciencepaperstypicallyfocusonthestudyoftheinteractionsbetweenhumansandtheenvironment,includingecology,climatechange,andpollutionThelanguageusedinenvironmentalsciencepapersshouldbeneutralandobjective,avoidingbiasoradvertisingEnvironmentalsciencepapersoftenrequiretheuseofmaps,charts,andsatelliteimagestoillustrateenvironmentalchangesandpatternsEnvironmentalsciencepapersoftenincludesectionsontheintroduction,methods,results,discussion,andconclusionExample3:EnvironmentalSciencePapers05CommonProblemsandCountermeasuresinWritingScientificPapersLakeofprecisionWhenwritinginEnglish,it'seasytofallintothetrapofusingprecisionlanguageorvaguetermsTocounterthis,ensurethatyouusespecific,technicallanguagethatisdetailedtoyourfieldInconsistenttenseusageIt'scriticaltomaintainaconsistenttensethroughoutthepaperMixingtensionscanfusethereaderandmakeitdifficulttofollowtheflowofyourargumentInaccurategrammarandspellingTyposandgraphicalerrorscanunderstandthecredibilityofyourworkProofreadyourworkmultipletimestocatchandcorrectanyerrorsLanguageexpressionissuesLakeofaclearintroductionAwellcraftedintroductionshouldsetthestagefortherestofyourpaper,introducingthetopic,theproblemitaddresses,andtheimportanceoftheresearchIndependentconclusionTheconclusionshouldsummarizeyourfindingsandprovideatakeawayforthereaderItshouldnotsimplyrestoreyourintroductionorresearchmethodsInfantmiddlesectionThebodyofyourpapershouldflowlogicallyfromonesectiontothenext,witheachsectionbuildinguponthepreviousoneMakesuretoorganizeyourideasclearlyandpresenttheminalogicalorderLogicalstructureissuesPlagiarismisthepresentationofsomeoneelse'sideasorwordsasyourownAlwaysproperlyciteyoursourcesandavoiddirectcopyingoftextSubmittingthesamepapertomultiplejournalsorconferencescanbeconsideredunethicalEnsurethatyouhaveobtainedpermissionorwithdrawnfromprevioussubmissionsbeforesubmittingelsewhereManipulatingorfalsifyingresearchdataisunthinkableandcanhaveseriessequencesforyourreportingandcareAlwayspresentyourdataaccuratelyandhonestlyPlagiarismMultiplesubmissionFabricandfalsificationofdataAcademicmisconductiveissues06SummaryandOutlook01ThiscourseaimstoprovidelearnerswiththeskillsandknowledgenecessarytowriteEnglishscientificpaperseffectively02Itcoverskeya