高中英語必修三名詞性從句綜合詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE4名詞性從句知識點在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是中學(xué)階段的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面

1.考查名詞性從句的語序問題 2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別

3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法 4.考查whether與if的區(qū)別

5.考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別 6.考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題

語法要點剖析

一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連接詞：that,whether,if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）

連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.

連接副詞：when,where,how,why

1.主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：

Whathewantstotellusisnotclear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。

Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。

WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It+be+名詞+that從句 （2）It+be+形容詞+that從句

（3）It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句 （4）It+不及物動詞+that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：

Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…

Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…

Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…2.賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。

1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：

HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。

Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+動詞原形”。例如：

Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone. 我堅持要她自己工作。

Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。

2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如： Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。

Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。

3.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；d.從句后有“ornot”時；e.后接動詞不定式時。例如： Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。

4.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用

不同時態(tài)。例如： hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）

hestudiedEnglishlastterm.（從句用一般過去時）

Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.（從句用一般將來時）

hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．

5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會這樣做。

3.表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+that從句。例如：

Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。

Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain. 看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning4.同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時候回來。

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。

同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。

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—“Hisfatherisadoctor.”A.whatishisfather B.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatheris D.whohisfatheris42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsagoA.place B.placeinwhich C.where D.placewhich43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthat B.isthoughtwhat C.thoughtthat D.isthoughtthat44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.where B.wherever C.that D.thatwherever45.Theydiscussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.A.if B.that C.what D.whether46.Sheasked________.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeup B.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoing D.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing47.—MayIborrowthering—Youcantake_______youlike.A.nomatterwhat B.which C.whichever D.that48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.A.whatbeautifulis B.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhat D.whatitisbeautiful49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.A.was,besent B.is,issent C.be,wassent D.be,send50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.who B.whom C.that D.whose51.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.A.except B.exceptfor C.exceptthat D.butfor53.________istodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.Whicheverishard B.NomatterwhatishardC.Whatishard D.Allwhatishard54.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.A.wego B.wewillgo C.shouldwego D.thatwego56.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what57.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether58.Youcan'timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited59.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where60.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…that B.That…what C.Why…that D.If…what61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who62._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When B.Why C.What D.That63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What64._______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.How B.What C.Why D.This65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.which B.when C.that D.where69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.why B.when C.what D.who70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenif B.asif C.eventhough D.like71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.that B.what C.why D.how72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.what B.where C.that D.why73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.that B.it C.this D.what74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.which B.what C.that D.how75.WhatI'mconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.is B.are C.were D.was76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Theperson C.Whoever D.Who78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhow B.thatC.what D.how79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.that B.which C.what D.such80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.A.why B.that C.how D.whywhat81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.that B.what C.which D.X82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.which B.what C.that D.whether83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(錄相機(jī))arethesame.A.whatthose B.thatofthose C.thatallof D.whichofthose84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn'tmatter.A.If B.Whether C.What D.When85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.A.who…that B.who…X C.what…X D.how…that86.Shetookitforgranted________I'dbebackhomeanhourago.A.that B.whether C.if D.when87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.A.for B.that C.when D.how88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.A.whether B.if C.X D.that89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.A.if B.how C.which D.thathow90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasn'tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcome B.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseeme D.whetherhewouldcome91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.A.if B.that C.thatif D.whether92.Doyouhaveanyidea________A.whenMissSmithwillarrive B.whenwillMissSmitharriveC.howwillMissSmitharrive D.whyhasn'tMissSmitharrived93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.A.howMr.Taylor'slike B.whatMr.Taylor'sfaceislikeC.whatMr.Taylor'sfaceis 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