Unit+2+講義 人教版八年級英語下冊

Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks1.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudy...volunteer(v)自愿(做某事)常用短語:volunteertodosth./volunteerforsth.自愿做某事eg:Thestudentsvolunteertohelpthepoor.volunteer(可數(shù)n)志愿者eg:Beingavolunteerisgreat.volunteer(adj)志愿的；自愿的eg:Theydidavolunteerjob.2.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.usedtodosth.過去常常做某事Thereusedtobe過去曾有歸納:“usedto+動詞原形”句式①肯定句:“主語+usedto+動詞原形+其他”②否定句:“主語+didn'tuseto+動詞原形+其他”“主語+usedn'tto+動詞原形+其他”eg:Ididn'tusetohaveshorthair.Iusedn'ttohaveshorthair.③一般疑問句:“Did+主語+useto+動詞原形+其他?”“Used+主語+to+動詞原形+其他?”eg:Didyouusetoplaythepiano?Usedyoutoplaythepiano?④反義疑問句:附加疑問句部分可使用“didn't”或“usedn't”eg:Thestreetusedtobecrowded,didn't/usedn'tit?3butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimals.“howtocareforanimals”是“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)英語中,疑問代詞what、who、which和疑問副詞where、when、why、how等后面可以接動詞不定式構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語,在句中可作主語、賓語、表語eg:Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(賓語)Theproblemiswheretogonow.(表語)Whentoleaveisstillaquestion.(主語)注意：“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時,相當(dāng)于賓語從句。當(dāng)賓語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時,可以與此結(jié)構(gòu)互換eg:Shedidn'tdecidewheresheshouldgo.Shedidn'tdecidewheretogo.4.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners'faces.“suchastrongfeelingofsatisfaction”屬于“such+a(n)+adj+n”結(jié)構(gòu),意為：“如此...的...”eg:Didyouseesuchaninterestingfilm?可與“so+adj+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”互換eg:Didyouseesointerestingafilm?Sheissuchabeautifulgirl.Sheissobeautifulagirl.辨析:such與so①such(adj)如此的(修飾n)so(adv)如此(修飾adj/adv)②兩者用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,若n前有adj,一般用such若n前有many,much,few,little,此時用soeg:Theyaresuchcleverboys.Hehassomanybooksthathewantstosellthem.③如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞，只能用sucheg:Itissuchbeautifulmusic.④當(dāng)little表示“年紀(jì)小的”之意，可用“such+little+n”結(jié)構(gòu)eg:Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthattheycan'tdressthemselves.⑤so...that...(如此...以致于...)sothat以便(目的狀語)eg:Heissoyoungthathecan'tdresshimself.Theygetupearlysothattheycancatchthebus.satisfaction(不可數(shù)名詞)滿意；滿足dissatisfaction不滿satisfy(v)使?jié)M意→satisfied(adj)滿意的→satisfying(adj)令人滿意的一系列用法：①toone'ssatisfaction令人滿意的是(同surprise)②expressone'ssatisfactionat/with對...表示滿意③withsatisfaction滿意地④satisfyone'sneeds滿足某人的需要⑤besatisfiedwith對...感到滿意⑥besatisfiedtodosth.對做某事感到滿意owner(n)主人;雇主eg:Sheistheownerofthehouse.own(adj)自己的(常與物主代詞連用)兩種結(jié)構(gòu):①one'sown+名詞②名詞+ofone'sowneg:Shestilldoesn'thaveahouseofherown.Shestilldoesn'thaveherownhouse.own(v)擁有(相當(dāng)于have)eg:Heownsacar.5tovisitsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.raise(vt)籌集(raisedraised)raise...for...為...籌集raise的其他用法:①舉起、抬起(同lift)raiseone'shand舉起手②養(yǎng)育、飼養(yǎng)、種植(人、動物、植物)raiseafamily養(yǎng)家raisesheep養(yǎng)羊③建立、豎起(同setup)raiseamonument建紀(jì)念碑④提高、升高raiseone'svoice提高聲音辨析：raise與rise①raise（vt）(有被動語態(tài))rise(vi)（無被動語態(tài)）②raise（借助外力）升高rise（自身）升高eg:Thestudentraisedherrighthand.Thesunrisesintheeast.③二者都可用來表示數(shù)量、價(jià)值、地位、水平等的提高、上升eg:Thepriceofpotatoeswasraise.Thepriceofpotatoesrised.6.Itakeaftermymother.takeafter:像、與...相像辨析：takeafter、looklike、beliketakeafter指(因血緣關(guān)系在長相、性格或行為上)相像(besimilarto)eg:Maryreallytakesafterhermom.Maryisreallysimilartohermom.looklike指(外表上)看起來像eg:Themanlookslikeourmathteacher.belike指(性格、外貌)像eg:What'shelike?他是個什么樣的人？He'stall，handsomeandverykind.7.I'msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.besure的常用句型：①besuretodosth.一定會做某事Eg:Heissuretoarrivehereontime.②besureof/aboutsth.對...有把握Eg:Theyaresureof/aboutthefact.③besure+(that)從句確信...Eg:Iamsure(that)hewillcomeontime.注意：在besure+(that)從句中，若主句的主語與從句的主語一致，則句子結(jié)構(gòu)能改為：besuretodo的形式eg:Iamsure(that)Iwillsucceed.Iamsuretosucceed.8.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.“makeit+adj+todosth.”使做某事(變得)...在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是動詞不定式Eg:TheteachermadeitinterestingtolearnEnglish.it作形式賓語的其他常見句型：think/find/believe/feelit+adj/n+todosth.覺得/發(fā)現(xiàn)/相信/感覺做某事...Eg:Ifinditboringtostudyathome.Ibelieveitagoodwaytodolikethat.Ifeelitinterestingtoplayoutside.9.Orimagineyoucan'twalkoruseyourhandseasily.imagine(V)想象；設(shè)想imagination(n)想象用法：①imaginedoingsth.想象做某事eg:Hetriestoimaginelivinginthemoon.②imaginesb.todosth.想象某人做某事eg:Sheimaginesherselftobeafamoussinger.③imagine+that/what+從句想象...eg:Ican'timaginewhathappenedtoyou.10.ShetalkedtoAnimalHelpersaboutgettingmeaspecialtraineddog.trained(adj)受過訓(xùn)練的train(v)訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)；鍛煉用法：①trainsb./sth.todosth.訓(xùn)練某人/某物去做某事eg:Thepolicetrainedthesedogstodetect.②trainsb.insth.在某方面訓(xùn)練/培養(yǎng)某人eg:Hetrainedhissoninthefootballteam.training(不可數(shù)名詞)訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)eg:Ididn'thaveanytrainingindrawing.11.LuckyisverycleverandunderstandsmanyEnglishwords.understand(v)理解；領(lǐng)會(understoodunderstood)①understand理解；聽懂(follow/catch)eg:Ican'tunderstand/follow/catchyou,pleasespeakagain.②makeoneselfunderstood讓別人理解自己的意思eg:Ican'tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.③understanding(adj)善解人意的；體諒人的eg:Themotherhasanunderstandingdaughter.12.Whatareyourinterestsandhobbies?interest(可數(shù)名詞)興趣；愛好用法：①have(an)interestin對...有興趣②havenointerestin對...不感興趣③takeaninterestin對...產(chǎn)生興趣④loseinterestin對...失去興趣interest(vt)使...有興趣eg:Thefilmmayinterestyou.13.動詞短語“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)①相當(dāng)于不及物動詞eg:breakout爆發(fā)breakup分解comeup出現(xiàn)fallbehind落后getalong