定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯

TranslationofattributiveclauseTranslation定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯Translation編輯課件INTRODUCTIONContributiveclauseincludesRestrictiveAttributiveClause(RA)andNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause(NRA).RAclauseshaveacloserelationtothewordstheymodify(ortheirantecedent先行詞),whiletherelationbetweenNRAclauseanditsantecedentisnotthatclose.Accordingly,wecantranslateattributiveclausesinthreeways：編輯課件1.Sincerestrictiveattributiveclauseistomodifyanoun,itisusuallyputbeforeitsantecedent.Buttheclausehastobeshortenoughsoasnottobreakthemainsentence:Iwanttobuyahousewhichisinexpensiveyetcomfortable.我想買一座又廉價(jià)又舒適的房子。編輯課件Butiftheattributiveclausemaycauseambiguityorlogicmistake,itshouldbeputafteritsantecedent,usuallyasanindividualsentence：Theykilledfourmenandinjuredthefifthwholaterdiedofhiswounds.他們打死四人，并打傷了后來(lái)傷重死去的第五人。他們打死四人，打傷一人，傷者后來(lái)因傷勢(shì)過重而死去。編輯課件Someattributiveclausescaneitherputbeforeorafteritsantecedent,whichmakesnodifference:OntheEuropeancontinentthereisonesubjectwhichshouldbeavoided—theweather.在歐洲大陸，有一個(gè)話題人們諱莫如深，那就是天氣。在歐洲大陸，有一個(gè)人們諱莫如深的話題，那就是天氣。編輯課件2.Intranslationofnon-restrictiveattributiveclause,weusuallysplititfromthemainsentenceandputitintoanindependentsentence.Thisisbecause:1)Non-restrictiveattributivesentencesareusuallytoolongtobeputinonesinglesentence:編輯課件WorldWarIIwasmorecomplexthanWorldWarI,whichwasacollisionamongtheimperialistpowersoverthespoilsofmarkets,recoursesandterritories.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)是帝國(guó)主義列強(qiáng)之間爭(zhēng)奪市場(chǎng)、資源和領(lǐng)土的沖突，因而第二次世界大戰(zhàn)比第一次更復(fù)雜。編輯課件2)Non-restrictiveattributiveclauseisusuallydescriptiveorexplanativeratherthanrestrictive.Soifyouusethemtorestrictanoun,sometimesambiguitymayarise.Hisfather,whoisinHongkong,willreturntoTaipeinextweek.他在香港的爸爸下星期要回臺(tái)北。(他還有別的爸爸〕他爸爸現(xiàn)在在香港，下星期回臺(tái)北。編輯課件Butpleaseremember:There’snorulebuthasnoexception.Somenon-restrictiveattributiveclausesarealsorestrictiveinmeaning.Lookatthefollowingsentence:Americanfamilies,whichhostforeignstudents,arenotpaid,thoughtheyareallowedasmallincometaxdeduction.(Para.5,L.28)收留外國(guó)學(xué)生的美國(guó)家庭得不到報(bào)酬，但可以少量地減少所得稅。編輯課件3.Sometimesanattributiveclausedoesn’tserveasattributiveatall.Instead,itistoexplainthereason,condition,resultandconcession.Therefore,wecantranslatethemasadverbial.編輯課件Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.他們企圖撲滅對(duì)抗，結(jié)果對(duì)抗越來(lái)越猛，普及全國(guó)。(表示結(jié)果〕Inadisputebetweentwostateswithwhichoneisfriendly,trynottogetinvolved.當(dāng)兩國(guó)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)端時(shí)，如與兩國(guó)都友好，那么力避卷入。〔表示條件〕編輯課件Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangerates,setupafterWorldWarII,wasdismantled.國(guó)際化的趨勢(shì)開始于20世紀(jì)70年代，當(dāng)時(shí)二戰(zhàn)后建立起來(lái)的固定匯率制瓦解了?！脖硎緯r(shí)間〕Copper,whichoffersverylittleresistance,isusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity.銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛用來(lái)輸電?！脖硎驹颉尘庉嬚n件PracticeTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontoattributiveclauses.編輯課件EvenyoungstudentswhoplanonstayingintheUnitedStatesjustlongenoughtofinishtwosemestersofhighschoolhavedifficultyfindingahostfamily.(Para.5,L.16)即使是那些只方案短期留居美國(guó)，一完成兩學(xué)期高中課程就離開的年輕學(xué)生也很難找到一個(gè)愿意收留他們的家庭。編輯課件Attheendofeachsemester,aslongasthestudentspassfinalexams,Americanauthoritiesgrantacertificate,whichisrecognizedinBrazil.(Para.3,L.8)每學(xué)期末，只要學(xué)生通過期末考試，美國(guó)當(dāng)局就會(huì)頒發(fā)一個(gè)證書，這個(gè)證書在巴西是成認(rèn)的。EveryyeartheUnitedStatesishosttoanaverageof78,000foreignhighschoollevelstudents,ofwhich3,000areBrazilian.(Para.3,L.5)每年，美國(guó)平均要接待7.8萬(wàn)名高中水平的國(guó)外留學(xué)生，其中3,000人來(lái)自巴西。編輯課件Manycollegesanduniversitieshaveaccommodationofficers,whosejobistohelpyoufindsomewheretolive.許多大學(xué)都有住宿管理人員，他們的工作就是幫你找到住的地方。編輯課件Oneimportantregulationoftheforeignstudyprogramhastodowiththetime,establishedbythehost“parents〞,bywhichtheteenagersmustarrivehomeonweekendnights.國(guó)外求學(xué)方案中一個(gè)重要的規(guī)定是關(guān)于時(shí)間的，“臨時(shí)父母〞規(guī)定周末晚上到某個(gè)時(shí)間必須回家。編輯課件Helikeshissister,whoiswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whoisaloofandarrogant.他喜歡妹妹而不喜歡哥哥，因?yàn)槊妹脽崆橛淇?，哥哥冷漠傲慢?！脖硎驹颉矨fterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.飯