新教材外研版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊各單元重點語法歸納總結.文檔

外研版選擇性必修第一冊重點語法匯總TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHYPERLINK5.Asyouknow,6.talking(talk)iseasierthandoing.7.Later(late),Tomdoesn'tdowellinthefinalexamandheissosad.Tom'smotherknowsthatthereisnopoint8.scolding(scold)himnow,soshecomfortshimandsaid"itisnouse9.crying(cry)overspiltmilk.ThereisnolO.telling(tell)whatyoucando,justtryyourbest.Unit4Meetingthemuse=語法精講二非謂語動詞作表語［觀察例句］Everyartist'swishistocreatesomethingthatexpressesanidea.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisturningtohischildren'stoys.3?YangLiping'spassionisdancing.［歸納用法］不定式作表語常表示具體的動作，尤其是某一次的動作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents'speakingability.他這節(jié)課的教學目的是要訓練學生說的能力。-ing作表語，有兩個特點：表示抽象的、概念性的動作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常性的。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的(指蟻后的)專職工作是產(chǎn)卵。表示主語的性質(zhì)與特征Thesituationisencouraging.形勢令人鼓舞。常用作表語的?ing有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting，inspiring，following等。過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Theworkersweresoontired.工人們很快就累了。Thebookiswellwritten.這本書寫得很好。常用在句中作表語的過去分詞有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。f蜷訓練？.單句語法填空Mytaskistoclean(clean)theclassroomthisafternoon.?Afterhearingthenews,wefeltquiteexcited(excite).?Thechildrenwillgetconfused(confuse)ifaskedtolearntoomuchatatime.Pleaseremainseated(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.5?Wegotalittlesunburntfsunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.Thespeechwassoinspiring^inspire)thattheywereallexcited.Itwouldbeinteresting(interest)toknowwhathereallybelieved.Whatthedoctortoldmewastolie(lie)downandrest.AllIdidwas(to)give(give)himalittlepush.Thedevelopmentofouraviationindustryisquiteencouragingfencourage).短文語法填空Tom'shobbywas1.smoking.Helikesreadingnewspapers2.becauseitwasinteresting.Hefelt3.astonishedwhenhereadanewspaperaboutlungcancer.Whathewantedtodowas4.togive(give)upsmokingatonce.Butsometimesheremainedpuzzled(puzzle)ifheshouldcontinueorgiveup.Sohegot6.changed(change)andwenttoahospitaltofindadoctorforhelp,7.whoshowhimsome8.frightening^frighten)picturesoflungwhosmoked9.heavily(heavy).Sohewasdetermined10.tostop(stop)smokingandfollowedthedoctors*advice.Sincethen,hegotupearliereverydaytodoexercises.Unit5Revealingnature=語法精講二過去完成時［觀察例句］What'smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthat...AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.3?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime...Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.［歸納用法］過去完成時的動作需在過去某一時間之前發(fā)生，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。過去完成時的構成過去完成時是由“had+過去分詞”構成的。SoonIrealizedIhadmadeaseriousmistake.我很快就意識到我犯了一個嚴重的錯誤。Themansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.Hehadnotflownbefore.飛機上坐在我旁邊的人很緊張。他以前從沒乘過飛機。過去完成時的用法“已完成”的用法：表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前或過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成。句中常用by引導的時間狀語或以before,until,when,than等詞引導的內(nèi)含一般過去時的時間狀語從句。By5：00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.到昨天早上5點鐘時，我們已經(jīng)做完了那件工作。Hehadjustfinishedsweepingtheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.老師從辦公室回來時，他剛把教室打掃完。［名師點津］在包含before和after的復合句中，因為從句動作和主句動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.在我到達車站之前，列車已經(jīng)開了。Afterhe(had)arrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平?！拔赐瓿伞钡挠梅ǎ罕硎疽粋€動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時刻之前就已開始，一直持續(xù)到這一過去的時間，還可能再持續(xù)下去。Uptothattimeallhadgonewell.直到那時一切都很順利。JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.約翰和簡在結婚前就認識很長時間了?！跋胂笮浴钡挠梅ㄟ^去完成時有時表示一種未實現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，主要用在if引導的和過去事實相反的條件句以及wish,asif引導的從句中。Ifshehadworkedhard,shewouldhavesucceeded.要是她努力的話，她就會成功了。（事實上她沒努力，也沒成功。）IwishIhadgonewithyoutotheconcert.我要是和你一起去音樂會就好了。表示“剛剛......就......"過去完成時常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,nosooner...than...等結構中，表示“剛剛......就......Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。［名師點津］intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.我原本打算來的，但有事發(fā)生了。過去完成時與一般過去時的比較一般過去時表示過去某個時間的動作或狀態(tài)。過去完成時表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)之前，因此它在時間上表示的是“過去的過去YesterdayIreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.昨天我歸還了借的書。Hedidn'tknowathingabouttheverb,forhehadnotstudiedhislessons.他對動詞一無所知，因為他沒有好好學習功課。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在車站等了20分鐘后車才來。f蜷訓練？I.單句語法填空Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot(get)200picturesfromthespaceship.Hesaidhehadworked(work)inthatfactorysince1949.3?Untilthenhehadknown(know)nothingaboutityet.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeen(be)outofworkthatyear.5?Theyarrived(arrive)atthestationattenyesterday.II.短文語法填空Istillrememberlastwinter,1.whenIwokeupinthemorning,it2.hadstopped(stop)snowing.Lookingoutsideofthewindow,theshinywhitesnowonourlawn3.hadbeencleaned(clean)bymyfather.IclosedthebookthatI4.hadborrowed(borrow)fromlocallibraryandwentdownstairsforbreakfast.Thenmylittlebrothercametotellmethathe5.hadfinished(finish)allhishomeworkandhehad6.averynicedreamthenightbefore.Duringthebreakfast,oneofmybestfriendscametovisitmyfamily.ShewenttoAustralialastyear.7.Beforethatshe8.hadprepared(prepare)fortheexaminationofUniversityofSydneyforhalfayear.Duringherstudy,she9.hadlearned(learn)thecultureand10.professional(profession)knowledgeinherfield.Unit6Nurturingnature二語法精講二現(xiàn)在完成進行時［觀察例句］ThetrainhasbeenracingalongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong"SkyRailway,,hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Thejourneyhasbeenflyingby,andbeforeIknowit,wehavereachedTanggulaStation.5?TheQinghai-TibetPlateauhasbeenattractingpeople'sadmirationforcenturies.［歸納用法］現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成現(xiàn)在完成進行時是由“have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞"構成的。Heisill.He'sbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.他病了。已經(jīng)臥床3個星期了。Youreyesarered.Haveyoubeencrying?你眼睛紅了。你剛剛哭過了嗎？Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?這半天你干什么來著？現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法表示動作從過去某時開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等狀語以及since和for引導的狀語連用。IhavebeenreadingHemingway'sFarewelltoArmsrecently.我最近一直在讀海明威的《永別了，武器》。Shehasbeenrecitingthewordsallthemorning.她整個上午都在背單詞。ThisiswhatIhavebeenexpectingsincemychildhood.這是我從小以來就一直期待著的事情。表示動作剛剛結束Myclothesareallwet.Fvebeenworkingintherain.我的衣服全濕了。我剛才一直在雨中干活。Heisdeaddrunk.He'sbeendrinkingwithhisfriends.他爛醉如泥。他剛才一直在和朋友們喝酒。表示一個近期內(nèi)時斷時續(xù)、重復發(fā)生的動作。You'vebeensayingthatforfiveyears.這話你已經(jīng)說了五年了。Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspapersandmagazinessincehebecameateacher.自從任教以來，他一直在為報刊雜志撰稿。表達較重的感情色彩。Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?看你把我的字典弄成什么樣子了？Timehasbeenflyingsoquickly!時間過得可真快??！Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天可真是個多事的日子?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示重復性。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見面嗎？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見到過他嗎？現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般是平鋪直敘。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你兩個小時。（可能表示不滿）Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個小時。（說明一個事實）現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作，而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結果。Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?誰一直在吃這些桔子呀？（還剩余一些）Whohaseatentheoranges?誰把桔子吃光了？（強調(diào)吃得一個不剩）f蜷訓練？I.單句語法填空TheChinesegovernmenthasbeendoing（dn）researchintovaccineagainstEHFformonths,recentlymanyhavereceivedthefirstdoses.Thedollarhasbeenclimbing（climb）steadilyallweek.3?Ihavebeenwaiting（wait）foranhourandahalf.Sheisverytired.Shehasbeenworking(work)allmorning.5?Jimhasbeenphoning(phone)Jennyeverynightforthepastweek.Theyhavebeenbuilding(build)thebridgefortwomonth.Thetelephonehasbee