北京市房山區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考英語試題（含答案解析）

2021北京房山高三（上）開學(xué)考英語本試卷100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MarywasdiagnosedwithAlzheimer’s(阿爾茨海默癥)in2013.WithMary’sconditionslowly___1___,herdoctortoldherheartbroken44-year-oldsonSeannottofear.“Being___2___andhappy,theAlzheimer’smightmakeprogress”,thedoctorsaid.Takingthedoctor’sadvice,SeandecidedtomakeatripwithhismomtoNepal.Seanwas___3___whenMarystartedwalkingandtalkingagainduringtheirtrip—evenlearningnewwords.Hesaid,“IthoughtAlzheimer’swasjustadecline,butwhenwegottoNepalshestartedto___4___.”Seeingthegreat___5___,Seanwasdeterminedtokeep___6___withhermomforthenext18months.Marygotto___7___afestivalofcolorintheHimalayas,climbacrossmountainsinItaly,andfeelthesandbeneathherfeetatthetipofSouthAfrica.PeoplethoughtMarywouldbea___8___,butforSean,itwastheleasthecoulddoforthemotherhelovedsomuch—whohadalways___9___toothersthroughoutherlife.Hesaid:“Shewasthebestthinginmylife.Unconditional____10____isathingyoudon’tgetoften,andshealwaysgaveit,eventhoughshehadatoughlife.”1.A.worsening B.satisfying C.reducing D.disappearing2.A.nervous B.positive C.creative D.brave3.A.relaxed B.puzzled C.worried D.amazed4.A.recover B.study C.understand D.regret5.A.challenge B.confidence C.improvement D.difficulty6.A.traveling B.talking C.working D.training7.A.make B.enjoy C.present D.change8.A.fortune B.shame C.burden D.test9.A.listened B.complained C.turned D.given10.A.direction B.support C.love D.acceptance【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了患有阿爾茨海默氏癥的瑪麗在兒子陪伴的旅行過程中，病情得到改善的故事。1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著瑪麗的病情逐漸惡化，她的醫(yī)生告訴她心碎的44歲兒子肖恩不要害怕。A.worsening惡化；B.satisfying使?jié)M意；C.reducing減少；D.disappearing消失。根據(jù)后文“herdoctortoldherheartbroken44-year-oldsonSeannottofear”可知，瑪麗的病情逐漸惡化。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生說：“積極和快樂，老年癡呆癥的治療可能會(huì)有所進(jìn)展?！盇.nervous緊張的；B.positive積極的；C.creative創(chuàng)造性的；D.brave勇敢的。根據(jù)常識(shí)和后文“Takingthedoctor’sadvice,SeandecidedtomakeatripwithhismomtoNepal.”可知，積極和快樂的態(tài)度，可能病情會(huì)有所好轉(zhuǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)瑪麗在旅途中又開始走路和說話時(shí)，肖恩感到很驚訝，甚至還學(xué)會(huì)了新單詞。A.relaxed輕松的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.worried擔(dān)憂的；D.amazed驚訝的。根據(jù)后文“whenMarystartedwalkingandtalkingagainduringtheirtrip—evenlearningnewwords”可知，兒子沒有料到媽媽病情好轉(zhuǎn)，進(jìn)步很快，感到很驚訝。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他說：“我以為阿爾茨海默氏癥只是一種衰退，但當(dāng)我們到達(dá)尼泊爾時(shí)，她開始康復(fù)?！盇.recover康復(fù)；B.study學(xué)習(xí)；C.understand理解；D.regret遺憾，后悔。根據(jù)語境和前文“Marystartedwalkingandtalkingagainduringtheirtrip—evenlearningnewwords”可知，媽媽開始康復(fù)了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：看到病情的好轉(zhuǎn)，肖恩決定在接下來的18個(gè)月里和媽媽一起旅行。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.confidence信心；C.improvement提高，改善；D.difficulty困難。根據(jù)前文“Marystartedwalkingandtalkingagainduringtheirtrip—evenlearningnewwords”可知，通過旅行，媽媽開始康復(fù)了，所以說看到了媽媽病情得到改善。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.traveling旅行；B.talking談話；C.working工作；D.training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)前文分析可知，通過旅行，媽媽開始康復(fù)了，結(jié)合后文“withhermomforthenext18months”可知，看到媽媽病情得到改善，所以兒子決定繼續(xù)旅行。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：瑪麗在喜馬拉雅山享受了一個(gè)色彩繽紛的節(jié)日，在意大利翻越了山脈，在南非的頂端感受了腳下的沙子。A.make制造；B.enjoy欣賞；C.present頒發(fā)，授予；D.change改變。根據(jù)后文“afestivalofcolorintheHimalayas”可知，旅行過程中，他們享受了一個(gè)色彩繽紛的節(jié)日。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們認(rèn)為瑪麗會(huì)成為一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)，但對(duì)肖恩來說，這是他能為他深愛的母親做的最起碼的事情——她一生都在為他人付出。A.fortune財(cái)富；B.shame羞恥；C.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；D.test測(cè)試。根據(jù)前文分析可知，媽媽患有阿爾茨海默氏癥，結(jié)合后文“butforSean,itwastheleasthecoulddoforthemotherhelovedsomuch”的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，別人認(rèn)為生病的媽媽會(huì)成為兒子的負(fù)擔(dān)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.listened聽；B.complained抱怨；C.turned轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；D.given給。根據(jù)常識(shí)和后文“shealwaysgaveit,eventhoughshehadatoughlife”可知，媽媽一生都在為孩子們付出。故選D項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：無條件的愛是一種難得的東西，盡管她的生活很艱難，但她總是給予我們無條件的愛。A.direction方向；B.support支持；C.love愛；D.acceptance接受。根據(jù)常識(shí)和前文“Shewasthebestthinginmylife.”及后文“shealwaysgaveit,eventhoughshehadatoughlife”可知，媽媽給予子女無條件的愛。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）A閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。XuYuanchongdedicatedhiscareertobuilding___11___(bridge)amongtheworld’sChinese,EnglishandFrenchspeakingpeople.Hedevoted___12___(he)toliterarytranslationformorethan60years,primarily___13___(focus)onEnglishtranslationsofancientChinesepoetry.Xuwasawardedthe“AuroraBorealis”Prize___14___September10thin2014forOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature,oneofthehighesthonorsthatcelebrateexcellenceininternationaltranslators.【答案】11.bridges12.himself13.focusing14.on【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我國著名的翻譯家許淵沖在文學(xué)翻譯方面的巨大成就和貢獻(xiàn)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：許淵沖的職業(yè)生涯致力于在世界漢語、英語和法語人群之間架起橋梁。bridge“橋梁”為可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有限定詞修飾，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填bridges?！?2題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：他從事文學(xué)翻譯工作60多年，主要從事中國古代詩歌的英譯。devoteoneselfto...“投身于，致力于”為固定短語，結(jié)合主語He，可知用反身代詞himself。故填himself?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：他從事文學(xué)翻譯工作60多年，主要從事中國古代詩歌的英譯。分析句子可知，空處在句中是非謂語，跟句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填focusing?！?4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：2014年9月10日，徐被授予“北極光”小說文學(xué)杰出翻譯獎(jiǎng)，這是表彰優(yōu)秀國際翻譯家的最高榮譽(yù)之一。在具體的日期前面要用介詞on。故填on。B閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ThreeChineseastronautslandedonthecountry’sstill-under-constructionspacestationonThursday.Withthat,theChinesestation,___15___wascalledTiangong,becameoneoftwopopulatedspacestationsinorbit.ThecompletionofTiangong,expectedbytheendofnextyear,___16___(be)anothermilestoneforthespaceprogramwhoserecentmissionshaveincludedbringingsamplesbackfromthemoonandlandingaroboticroveronMars.Itwassaid___17___thestationwouldallowChineseastronautsandscientistsonthegroundtocarryoutexperimentsintheweightlessspaceenvironment.【答案】15.which16.willbe17.that【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報(bào)道。報(bào)道了三名中國宇航員在中國仍在建設(shè)中的“天宮”空間站著陸，以及最近的太空任務(wù)?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：由此，被稱為“天宮”的中國空間站成為在軌運(yùn)行的兩個(gè)載人空間站之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是theChinesestation，在從句中作主語，用which引導(dǎo)。故填which?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：天宮號(hào)預(yù)計(jì)將于明年年底完工，這將是中國太空計(jì)劃的又一個(gè)里程碑。中國太空計(jì)劃最近的任務(wù)包括從月球帶回樣本，以及讓一個(gè)機(jī)器人漫游者登陸火星。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子含有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，be作主句謂語，根據(jù)句意和theendofnextyear可知，用一般將來時(shí)。故填willbe?！?7題詳解】考查固定句型。句意：據(jù)稱，該站將允許中國宇航員和科學(xué)家在地面上進(jìn)行失重空間環(huán)境下的實(shí)驗(yàn)。此處是固定句型：itis/wassaidthat意為“據(jù)說”，that引導(dǎo)主語從句。故填that。C閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Theuseoftheinternetinacademiccontextsisontherise.However,itsroleinlearning___18___(debate)byteachersandstudents.Formanyteacherswhodidnotgrowupwiththistechnology,itseffectsseemalarmingand___19___(potential)harmful.Buttheinternethashadamajorpositiveimpactontheworldofeducation.Thefutureofteachingliesinthepossibilitiestheinternetopensupforcommunication,research,andinteractivity.Studentsvaluetheflexibilityandaccessibility___20___(offer)bydigitaleducation.Educatorsshouldwelcometheseadvantages.【答案】18.isdebated19.potentially20.offered【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在學(xué)習(xí)中的角色?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意：然而，它在學(xué)習(xí)中的作用卻被老師和學(xué)生爭論不休。debate與主語是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句子陳述目前事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞使用is。故填isdebated?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：對(duì)許多沒有在科技環(huán)境中長大的老師來說，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的影響似乎令人擔(dān)憂，甚至可能有害。此處修飾形容詞harmful，應(yīng)用副詞potentially“可能地”，作狀語。故填potentially。【20題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：學(xué)生們看重?cái)?shù)字教育所提供的靈活性和便利性。該句謂語動(dòng)詞是value，空格處填非謂語動(dòng)詞，flexibilityandaccessibility與offer是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填offered。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，滿分28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。APlacesYouShouldVisitinChinainSummerTherearedefinitelysomeplacesinChinathataddromancetothedaysandnights.Wehavelistedthebestplacesthatareespeciallybroughttolifebysummer.Allourtourscanbecustomized(定制).Wewillcreateatripforyoursummervacationaccordingtoyourrequirements.YunnanProvince—aColorfulFairylandYunnanhasayear-roundspring-likeclimate.Youwillhaveacoolsummertriphere.StartfromKunmingtoseethewonderfulStoneForest,enjoyarelaxingtouralongthelakeshoreofErhaiinDali,visittheOldTownofLijiang,andtakeacablecarridetoJadeDragonSnowMountain.Finally,immerseyourselfinmysteriouseasternatmosphereofShangri-LaandPudacuoNationalPark.RecommendedTours：8-DayKunming,Dali,Lijiang,andShangri-LaTour7-DayDali,Lijiang,andShangri-LaTour6-DayLijiangtoShangri-LaTourInnerMongolia—VastGrasslandsInnerMongoliahasvastgrasslandswhereyoucanenjoyhorseridingandhiking.Duringtheshortsummers,grasslandsstretchasfarastheeyecansee.Itisalsothebesttimetotakeadeserthikingtour.The2021SummerNaadamFestivalisscheduledtotakeplaceinXilamurenGrasslandfromJuly23toJuly30,2021.Our5-DayInnerMongoliaGrass&SandTourisagreatwaytoattendthisgrandevent.RecommendedInnerMongoliaTours:5-DayInnerMongoliaGrass&Sand4-DayAuthenticMongolianNomadExperienceTourChengdu—MeetCutePandasThelovelygiantpandasaretheNo.1reasontocome.Ifyouwantadeeperpandaexperience,youcanjoininagiantpandavolunteerprogram.Seeour2-DayWolongRedKeeperVolunteerProgramTour.JiuzhaiValley,withcoolweather,isthebesttimetoseeitswaterfallsandgreenlakes.MountEmeiisoneofthemostwell-knownsummerdestinationsthankstoitspleasantweather,theinspiringnaturalsceneryandtheinfluenceoftheBuddhistculture.RecommendedTours：7-DayChengdu,MountEmeiandJiuzhaigouScenicTour5-DayChengdu,LeshanandMountEmeiTour2-DayWolongRedKeeperVolunteerProgramTour21.WhatcanyoudoinYunnan?A.Visitanoldtown. B.Rideahorseandhike.C.Seewaterfallsandgreenlakes. D.Enjoymysteriousdragonculture.22.Whichwouldbethebestchoiceforavisitorwhowantstogetclosetopandas?A.2-DayWolongRedKeeperVolunteerProgramTour.B.8-DayKunming,Dali,Lijiang,andShangri-LaTour.C.4-DayAuthenticMongolianNomadExperienceTour.D.7-DayChengdu,MountEmeiandJiuzhaigouScenicTour.23.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.recommendcoolestplacesinsummerB.attracttouriststocustomizetourserviceC.introducecharacteristicsofChina’scitiesD.reportChina’smulticulturaldevelopment【答案】21.A22.A23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)中國夏天必去的地方。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YunnanProvince—aColorfulFairyland部分的第一段第二句“StartfromKunmingtoseethewonderfulStoneForest,enjoyarelaxingtouralongthelakeshoreofErhaiinDali,visittheOldTownofLijiang,andtakeacablecarridetoJadeDragonSnowMountain.(從昆明出發(fā)去看奇妙的石林，沿著大理洱海湖濱享受輕松的旅行，參觀麗江古城，乘坐纜車去玉龍雪山。)”可知，在云南你可以參觀古城。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Chengdu—MeetCutePandas部分的第一段第二句“Ifyouwantadeeperpandaexperience,youcanjoininagiantpandavolunteerprogram.Seeour2-DayWolongRedKeeperVolunteerProgramTour.(如果你想更深入地體驗(yàn)大熊貓，你可以參加一個(gè)大熊貓志愿者項(xiàng)目。請(qǐng)參觀我們?yōu)槠趦商斓呐P龍紅色守護(hù)者志愿者活動(dòng)。)”可知，為期兩天的臥龍紅色守護(hù)者志愿者項(xiàng)目之旅是想要接近熊貓的游客的最佳選擇。故選A。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Wehavelistedthebestplacesthatareespeciallybroughttolifebysummer.Allourtourscanbecustomized(定制).Wewillcreateatripforyoursummervacationaccordingtoyourrequirements.(我們列出了夏天特別活躍的最好的地方。我們所有的旅游都可以定制。我們會(huì)根據(jù)你的要求為你的暑假安排一個(gè)旅行。)”可知，文章的寫作目的是吸引游客定制旅游服務(wù)。故選B。BAnIncredibleJourneyIanWilliamHalliwellwasbornonthe24thofApril1958,inWiganUK.Justlikemostpeoplehavedreams,sodidIan.IanstartedplayingGolfin1972andhasbeenakeengolfplayerthroughouthislife.Heparticipatedingolftournamentsinmanycountries,dreamingoftryingtogetintheSeniorTour.Butlifehasotherplans.In1996,Ianwasdiagnosedwithabraintumoronhisleftside.Asaresultofthedisease,hisright-sidehearingwaslost.Thetalentedplayerhadtoputaholdonhispassionforawhile.However,heknewhewouldcomeoutstronger.In1997,aftergoingthroughtwomajorsurgeries,Ianrecoveredfromthedeadlyillness.Butanotherdiseasecompletelyturnedhislifeover.In2006,hesuddenlyhadastroke(中風(fēng))whichwassocriticalthatitendedwithhimbeingseverelydisabledtotheextentthatthedoctorstoldhimthathemightnotwalkeveragain,letaloneplayingGolf.UponrealizingthathehaslostthechanceofplayingtheSeniorTour,hewasheartbroken.Butitwasn’tpowerfulenoughtodestroythehigh-spiritedindividual.Iantookitasachallenge.HenotonlydecidedtostartwritingbutalsocreatingstrokeawarenessandpromotingGolfforthedisabled.Withtheoptimisticthinkingof“Adisabilityisnotaninability,”IanbecameapartoftheBritishInclusiveGolf,whichworkstobringtogetherthedisabledandnon-disabledplayersandcreategolf-relatedevents.IanhasdonatedalargenumberofhislifeearningstoTheStrokeAssociation.Whilespendingahugedealoftimecreatingvastfundsfortheorganization,IanhasplayedahugeroleinenlighteningothersonhowhisrecoverywasaidedbyGolf,promotingtheaffectedonestomakesureoftheeffectivesport.Ianhasauthoredthebook“TheSocialGolfer,”publishedin2008.Thebookhassuccessfullyraisedatotalof￡20,000,whichtheformergolfplayerhasdonatedtoTheStrokeFoundation.Ianalsowrote“LivingtheDream,”publishedin2012.Thebookwasanextensionofthejourneyofhisrecovery,intendingtoinspirethereaders.Ianisamanofbravery.Howhefoughttorecoverfromthedeadlyillness,followedbythestroke,isnothingbutanincrediblejourneythatisaninspirationtopeople.24.WhathappenedtoIanin2006?A.Helosthisright-sidehearing.B.Herecoveredfromadeadlyillness.C.Hepublishedthebook“TheSocialGolfer”.D.Hewasdisabledandcouldn’twalkanymore.25.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A.IanstoppedplayinggolfaftergettingabraintumorB.IanwasdestroyedmentallyandphysicallybyastrokeC.IanparticipatedingolftournamentsthroughouthislifeD.IandonatedalotofhismoneytoTheStrokeAssociation26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeIanWilliamHalliwell?A.Determinedanddevoted. B.Confidentandhumorous.C.Generousandenthusiastic. D.Responsibleandindependent.27.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Hardworkpaysoff.B.Nothingistobegotwithoutpain.C.Manshouldbethemasterofhisownfate.D.Contributiontothesocietyrequiresresponsibility.【答案】24.D25.D26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng)員伊恩·威廉·哈利威爾不可思議的人生旅程?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In2006,hesuddenlyhadastroke(中風(fēng))whichwassocriticalthatitendedwithhimbeingseverelydisabledtotheextentthatthedoctorstoldhimthathemightnotwalkeveragain,letaloneplayingGolf.(2006年，他突然中風(fēng)，病情嚴(yán)重，最終導(dǎo)致他嚴(yán)重殘疾，醫(yī)生告訴他，他可能再也不能走路了，更不用說打高爾夫球了。)”可知，在2006年，他殘疾了，不能再走路了。故選D。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段“IanhasdonatedalargenumberofhislifeearningstoTheStrokeAssociation.(伊恩將他一生的大部分收入捐給了中風(fēng)協(xié)會(huì)。)”可知，伊恩捐了很多錢給中風(fēng)協(xié)會(huì)。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“UponrealizingthathehaslostthechanceofplayingtheSeniorTour,hewasheartbroken.Butitwasn’tpowerfulenoughtodestroythehigh-spiritedindividual.Iantookitasachallenge.HenotonlydecidedtostartwritingbutalsocreatingstrokeawarenessandpromotingGolfforthedisabled.(當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己失去了參加老年巡回賽的機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)，他非常傷心。但它的力量不足以摧毀這個(gè)意氣風(fēng)發(fā)的人。伊恩認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。他不僅決定開始寫作，而且還提高了人們對(duì)中風(fēng)的認(rèn)識(shí)，并為殘疾人推廣高爾夫。)”可知，他是一個(gè)有決心的人；根據(jù)文章第七段“IanhasdonatedalargenumberofhislifeearningstoTheStrokeAssociation.Whilespendingahugedealoftimecreatingvastfundsfortheorganization,IanhasplayedahugeroleinenlighteningothersonhowhisrecoverywasaidedbyGolf,promotingtheaffectedonestomakesureoftheeffectivesport.(伊恩將他一生的大部分收入捐給了中風(fēng)協(xié)會(huì)。在花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間為該組織籌集巨額資金的同時(shí)，伊恩在向他人宣傳高爾夫如何幫助他康復(fù)方面發(fā)揮了巨大作用，促進(jìn)了受影響的人確保有效的運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”可知，他是一個(gè)樂于奉獻(xiàn)的人。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“In1996,Ianwasdiagnosedwithabraintumoronhisleftside.Asaresultofthedisease,hisright-sidehearingwaslost.Thetalentedplayerhadtoputaholdonhispassionforawhile.However,heknewhewouldcomeoutstronger.In1997,aftergoingthroughtwomajorsurgeries,Ianrecoveredfromthedeadlyillness.(1996年，伊恩被診斷出患有左側(cè)腦瘤。由于這種疾病，他失去了右側(cè)聽力。這位天才球員不得不暫時(shí)克制自己的激情。然而，他知道他會(huì)變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。1997年，在經(jīng)歷了兩次大手術(shù)后，伊恩從這種致命的疾病中康復(fù)了。)”和第五段“UponrealizingthathehaslostthechanceofplayingtheSeniorTour,hewasheartbroken.Butitwasn’tpowerfulenoughtodestroythehigh-spiritedindividual.Iantookitasachallenge.HenotonlydecidedtostartwritingbutalsocreatingstrokeawarenessandpromotingGolfforthedisabled.(當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己失去了參加老年巡回賽的機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)，他非常傷心。但它的力量不足以摧毀這個(gè)意氣風(fēng)發(fā)的人。伊恩認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。他不僅決定開始寫作，而且還提高了人們對(duì)中風(fēng)的認(rèn)識(shí)，并為殘疾人推廣高爾夫。)”可推知，從文章中我們可以知道人應(yīng)該是自己命運(yùn)的主人。故選C。CAnewstudybyscientistsatUtrechtUniversityconcludesthatabouthalfofglobalwastewateristreated,ratherthanthepreviousestimateof20%.Despitethispromisingfinding,theauthorswarnthattreatmentratesindevelopingcountriesarestillverylow.Humansandfactoriesproducevastquantitiesofwastewaterperday.Ifnotproperlycollectedandtreated,wastewatermayseverelythreatenhumanhealthandpollutetheenvironment.Theauthorsusenationalstatisticstoestimatevolumesofwastewaterproduction,collection,treatmentandreuse.“Globally,about359billioncubicmetresofwastewaterisproducedeachyear,equivalentto144millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools,”saysEdwardJones,PhDresearcheratUtrechtUniversity.“About48percentofthatwateriscurrentlyreleaseduntreated.Thisismuchlowerthanthefrequentlyannouncedfigureof80%.”Whiletheresultsshowamoreoptimisticoutlook,theauthorsstressthatmanychallengesstillexist.“Weseethatparticularlyinthedevelopingworld,wheremostofthefuturepopulationgrowthwilllikelyoccur,treatmentratesarefallingbehind,”Jonesexplains.“Inthesecountries,wastewaterproductionislikelytoriseatafasterpacethanthecurrentdevelopmentofcollectionandtreatmentbasicfacilities.Thisposesseriousthreatstobothhumanhealthandtheenvironment.”Themainproblem,especiallyinthedevelopingworld,isthelackoffinancialresourcestobuildbasicfacilitiestocollectandtreatwastewater.Thisisparticularlythecaseforadvancedtreatmenttechnologies,whichcanbeextremelyexpensive.However,theauthorshighlightpotentialopportunitiesforcreativereuseofwastewaterstreamsthatcouldhelptofinanceimprovedwastewatertreatmentpractices.“Themostobviousreuseoftreatedwastewateristoincreasefreshwaterwatersupplies,”Jonesstates.Treatedwastewaterreuseisalreadyanimportantsourceofirrigationwaterinmanydrycountries.However,only11%ofthewastewaterproducedgloballyiscurrentlybeingreused,whichshowslargeopportunitiesforexpansion.“Butfreshwaterincreasingisnottheonlyopportunity,”saysJones.“Wastewateralsohaslargepotentialasasourceofnutrientsandenergy.Recognitionofwastewaterasaresource,opposedtoas‘waste’,willbethekeytodrivingimprovedtreatmentgoingforward.”However,theauthorsstresstheimportanceofpropermonitoringofwastewatertreatmentfactories,accompaniedbystronglegislation(法律)andregulations,toensurethatthereuseofwastewaterissafe.Theauthorsalsoacknowledgepublicacceptanceasanotherkeybarriertowardsincreasingwastewaterreuse.28.Accordingtotheauthor,themeaningoftreatingwastewaterliesin________.A.encouragingnewscientificfindingsB.estimatingvolumesofwastewaterproductionC.ensuringhumanhealthandprotectingtheenvironmentD.measuringhowmuchwastewaterisproducedgloballyperday29.Theunderlinedword“equivalent”inthethirdparagraphiscloseinmeaningto________.A.equal B.harmful C.useful D.friendly30.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.treatedwastewatercan’tbeusedasirrigationwaterBwastewaterproductionindevelopingcountriesisfallingC.thetreatmentofwastewaterismoreseriousthanestimatedD.publicrecognitionplaysanimportantroleinwastewaterreuse【答案】28.C29.A30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Utrecht大學(xué)科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)新研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球約一半的廢水得到了處理，但在一些發(fā)展中國家治理率仍然很低，可能嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康，破壞環(huán)境?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ifnotproperlycollectedandtreated,wastewatermayseverelythreatenhumanhealthandpollutetheenvironment.(如果不進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)氖占吞幚?，廢水可能會(huì)嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康并污染環(huán)境)”可推知，處理廢水的意義在于確保人類健康和保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“about359billioncubicmetresofwastewater(約3590億立方米的廢水)”和“144millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools(1.44億個(gè)奧運(yùn)會(huì)規(guī)模的游泳池)”可推斷，劃線詞與equal“相等的”詞義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Recognitionofwastewaterasaresource,opposedtoas‘waste’,willbethekeytodrivingimprovedtreatmentgoingforward.(認(rèn)可廢水是一種資源，而不是“廢物”，將是推動(dòng)改進(jìn)處理的關(guān)鍵)”可知，公眾認(rèn)可在污水回用中起著重要作用。故選D項(xiàng)。DHaveyoueverenjoyedatriptoazoo,butwonderedwhetheritisacceptableforhumanstokeepsomanytreasuredanimalsincages.Youarenotalone.Manypeopleconcernedaboutthefateofzooanimalsandfeelconflictedabouttheveryexistenceofzoos.However,thereisnoreasontoworry.Mostzoosaroundtheworldprovidethehighestlevelofcareandcleanlinessfortheiranimalresidents.Infact,animalsinzoosoftenexperiencefarhealthierlivesthantheywouldinthewildduetotheaccesstomedicalcare.Zoosprovideopportunitiesforpeopleofallagestoviewandconnectwithanimallifethattheywouldotherwisenotencounter.Byinteractingwithwildlife,peoplecangainagreaterappreciationfortheanimalsoftheworld.ZoosoffereducationalexperiencesthroughwhichpeoplecanlearnwhyitissoimportanttoprotectandmaintainthediversityofanimallifeonEarth.Zoosalsofunctionasplaceswheretheseoftenrareorendangeredanimalscanbestudied.Bykeepingandraisinganimalsincages,extensiveresearchcanbeconductedontheanimalstohelpscientistsunderstandthem.Thisscientificunderstanding,inturn,contributestoconservationeffortsaroundtheworld.Becausezoosareasafeplaceforanimalstobeobserved,scientistsareabletomakeimportantdiscoveriesabouttheirlives.Whileitistruethatnotallzoosareaswellmaintainedandequipped,thereisgrowinginternationalpressureforuniversalregulationsthatwillensurethemonitoringofallpubliczoos.Thistypeoflegalsupportwillallowtheworld’szoostocontinuetheirimportantresearchprograms,manyofwhichareadjustedtowardbreedingprogramsdesignedtomakemoreendangeredspeciescomein.Breedingprogramsareessentialtocontinuecertainspecieswhicharenearlywipedoutfromthewild,andzoosaretheidealplacefortheseprogramstopromotetheincreaseoftheanimals.Inthismanner,zooscontributetorestoringbalanceinthewildernessbygivingendangeredspeciesasecond-chanceatsurvival.Ifyouvisitatop-rankingzoo,youwillenjoyviewinganimalsinahabitatdesignedtosupporttheirhealth.Youcanrestassuredthatbysupportingsuchzoosasavisitor,youarealsosupportingvaluablescienceandconservationefforts.Yourinteractionswiththeanimalsandexhibitsmighteducateyoufurtheraboutcreaturesinpartsoftheworldyouhaven’tbeenexposedto.Whenpeopleareinspired,theytendtotakeactionmorereadily,andzoosareaninspiringexampleofthistruth.Zoosprovideanunforgettableexperienceinappreciatinganimallifeandtakeconcreteactiontowardsadvocatingfortheirfuture.31.Accordingtothepassage,mostzoos________.A.worryaboutthefateofrareandtreasuredanimalsB.createwaysforpeopletoobserveandlearnanimals’lifeC.providepoorcareanduncleanenvironmentfortheanimalsD.educatepeopletotrytheirbesttocontrolthediversityofanimals32.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.publiczoosaroundtheworldareallmonitoredB.onlytheendangeredanimalsshouldbekeptinzoosC.visitingzooscontributestoprotectingendangeredanimalsD.Top-rankingzoosallowvisitorstostudyanimals’habitats33.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardsanimals’livinginzoosisprobably________.A.critical B.cautious C.supportive D.anxious34.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.AreZooAnimalsHealthy? B.AreZoosReallyBadNews?C.WhyShouldWeStudyAnimals? D.ShouldAnimalsBeKeptinCages?【答案】31.B32.C33.C34.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章闡述了動(dòng)物園的存在對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物都是有利的，勸導(dǎo)人們不必?fù)?dān)心動(dòng)物園的存在會(huì)危害動(dòng)物?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Zoosprovideopportunitiesforpeopleofallagestoviewandconnectwithanimallifethattheywouldotherwisenotencounter.(動(dòng)物園為所有年齡段的人提供了觀看和接觸動(dòng)物生活的機(jī)會(huì)，否則他們將不會(huì)遇到這些動(dòng)物。)”可知，大多數(shù)動(dòng)物園為人們創(chuàng)造觀察和了解動(dòng)物生活的方式。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ZoosoffereducationalexperiencesthroughwhichpeoplecanlearnwhyitissoimportanttoprotectandmaintainthediversityofanimallifeonEarth.(動(dòng)物園提供教育體驗(yàn)，讓人們了解為什么保護(hù)和維持地球上動(dòng)物生命的多樣性如此重要。)”以及第五段中“Inthismanner,zooscontributetorestoringbalanceinthewildernessbygivingendangeredspeciesasecond-chanceatsurvival.(通過這種方式，動(dòng)物園通過給瀕危物種第二次生存的機(jī)會(huì)，為恢復(fù)荒野的平衡做出了貢獻(xiàn)。)”等內(nèi)容可知，參觀動(dòng)物園有助于保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物。故選C項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Youcanrestassuredthatbysupportingsuchzoosasavisitor,youarealsosupportingvaluablescienceandconservationefforts.(你可以放心，作為游客支持這樣的動(dòng)物園，你也在支持有價(jià)值的科學(xué)和保護(hù)工作。)”可知，作者對(duì)動(dòng)物生活在動(dòng)物園的態(tài)度是支持的。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Manypeopleconcernedaboutthefateofzooanimalsandfeelconflictedabouttheveryexistenceofzoos.However,thereisnoreasontoworry.(許多人關(guān)心動(dòng)物園動(dòng)物的命運(yùn)，對(duì)動(dòng)物園的存在感到矛盾。然而，沒有理由擔(dān)心。)”可知，本文闡述了動(dòng)物園的存在對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物都是有利的，勸導(dǎo)人們不必?fù)?dān)心動(dòng)物園的存在會(huì)危害動(dòng)物。B“動(dòng)物園真的是壞消息嗎？”符合文章主題，適合做標(biāo)題，故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoDealwithFOMOinYourLifeFOMO,or“fearofmissingout,”isbecomingincreasinglycommonandcancausesignificantstressinyourlife.Itappliestoanythingfromapartytoapromotionatworkandaffectsjustaboutanyone.Italwaysinvolvesasenseofhelplessnessthatyouaremissingoutonsomethingbig.___35___However,whileithasbeenaroundforcenturies,ithasonlybeenstudiedduringthepastfewdecades,beginningwitha1996researchpaperbyDr.DanHerman.Withsocialmediabecomingpopular,FOMOhasbecomemoreobvious.AsmoreresearchonFOMOisconducted,wearegettingaclearerpictureofhowitaffectsus.___36___Asidefromfeelingsofunhappiness,fearofmissingoutcanleadtogreaterinvolvementinunhealthybehaviors.Forexample,thesamestudyinComputersandHumanBehaviorfoundthatFOMOwaslinkedtodistracteddriving,whichinsomecasescouldbedeadly.Moreover,onestudyfoundthatthefearofmissingoutwaslinkedtoagreatersmartphoneandsocialmediausage.___37___Theycreateaplatformwherethings,events,andevenhappinessseemtobeincompetition,whichmayleadyoutowonderwhatyouarelacking.Greaterengagementwithsocialmediacanmakeusfeelworseaboutourselvesandourlives,notbetter.___38___Feelingsoflonelinessareourbrain’swayoftellingusthatwewanttoconnectwithothersandincreaseoursenseofbelonging.Unfortunately,socialmediaengagementisnotthewaytoaccomplishthis—youmightberunningfromonebadsituationrightintoanevenworseone.Ratherthantryingtoconnectmo