英文世界八大公害事件

Theworldeightenvironmentalpollutionincidents1、BelgiumMaasValleysmogevent

December

1to15daysof1930s,

the

Belgian

fog

cage

cover,

climateanomalies.

Duetothespecialgeographicallocation,

MaasValley

appearedover

thestrong

inversionlayer.

Inversionlayercansuppresssmokerising,theatmosphericdustaccumulationdoesnotcomeloose,savingsintheinversionlayer,noconvectionexchange,resultinginairpollutionphenomenon。

smog

Intheinversionlayerandthefogeffect,MaasValleyIndustrialArea13plantemissionsofalotofsmokediffuseoverthevalleycan'tspread,harmfulgasesintheatmosphere,Vietnamproductisthicker,theproductstockclosetoharmthehealthlimit.

Beganonthethirdday,insulfurdioxide(SO2)andseveralotherharmfulgasesanddustpollutionunderthecomprehensiveaction,ValleyIndustrialZonehasthousandsofpeoplewithrespiratorydiseases.Acidrain

Thereare

morethan60peopledied

withinaweek,

tentimesmorethanthe

normal

numberofdeaths.

The

highest

mortalityrate

ofheartdisease,

pulmonarydisease.

Many

animals

cannotsurvive,

havedied.Thisincidenthascausedasensation,althoughinthefuturesimilarsuchsmokepollutionincidenthappensinmanypartsoftheworld,MaasValleysmogeventis20centurytheearliestrecordofatmosphericpollutiontragedy.2、AmericanDonorasmogincidentOctober19482631,Pennsylvania,asmalltownDonoracontinuousfogangelDonoralookedparticularlydark

Theatmosphereismoreandmoreheavysmoke,alotofsmokefromthefactorywasclosedinthevalley.Theairexudesapungentodorofsulfurdioxide,turnone'sstomach.Airvisibilityisextremelylow.

Attendantisinthetownofnearly6000peopleallofasuddenonset,symptomsofophthalmopathy,sorethroat,runnynose,cough,headache,limbsweary,tightnessinthechest,vomiting,diarrheaandother,including17peoplediedsoon.Mostoftheoriginalwithheartorrespiratorydisease.

DonorasmogincidentoccurredinthemainreasonisbecausethetownDonorafactoryemissionscontainingsulfurdioxideandothertoxicandharmfulsubstancesingasandmetalparticlesinclimateanomaliesgatheredinthevalleyaccumulationdoesnotcomelooseso23、Londonsmogevent

5to8Decemberof1952,islocatedintheThamesValleyareaofLondonoverthecityinthecenterofahighpressure,afewconsecutivedayswithoutwind,anemometerreadingsiszero.FogenvelopedthecityofLondon,andthevalueofwintercitieslargeamountsofcoal,emissionsofsootdustundertheconditionofnowindaccumulationdoesnotcomeloose,smokeandmoistureaccumulationintheatmosphere,resultinginoverthecityforfourorfivedaysofsmog,visibilityisextremelylow.

倫敦煙霧事件(1952)（市民點火把、車燈開啟）Becauseofthepollutantsintheatmospherecontinuedsavings,manypeoplehavedifficultybreathing,stingingeyes.TheLondonhospitalduetorespiratorydiseasepatientsincreasedandwasfull,thecityofLondoncanbeheardeverywherecough.Just4days,thedeathtollofmorethan4000people2monthslater,8O00manypeopledied.Thisisthe"Londonsmogincidentfrightfultotheear".

4、LosAngelesphotochemicalsmogevents

LosAngelesinthe1940shave250millioncars,dailyconsumeabout1100tonsofgasoline,dischargeofmorethan1000tonsofhydrocarbon(CH)compounds,3o0tonsofnitrogenoxide(NOx)compounds,morethan700tonsofCO.Inaddition,therearerefineries,fuelstationsandotherotheroilcombustionemissions,thesecompoundsareemittedintothesunnyoverLosAngelesakintocreateapoisonoussmokefromfactories.

Fromthestartoftheearly1940s,LosAngeleseveryyearfromsummertoearlyautumn,aslongasitissunnyday,overthecitywillappearadiffuseskylightbluesmoke,sothatthewholecityovertobecomethepollutionnottobeunclear.Thesmokemakesredeyes,sorethroat,dizziness,headache,respiratorydistress.After1943,smokemorerampant,largetractsofforestthatfarawayfromthecity100kilometersof2000metersabovesealevelthemountainssodead,citrusproduction.

CharacteristicsofphotochemicalsmogLosAngelesphotochemicalsmog(1943)

In1955,duetorespiratoryfailureanddeathof65yearsoldofaboveoldupto400people.In1970,about75%oftheresidentssufferfromconjunctivitis.Thisisthefirstappearanceofthenewairpollutionevent--photochemicalsmogpollutionincident.Photochemicalsmogisduetocausedbytheautomobileexhaustandindustrialemissions,generallyoccursinlowhumidityandtemperatureinsummersunny2432DEGCatnoonorintheafternoon.**Photochemicalsmog

formationprocess5、JapanMinamatadiseaseevent

In1925,thecompanysetupfactoriesinJapannbeautifulwatertownofminamata.After1949,thecompanybeganproductionofvinylchloride(C2H5Cl)planttowithoutanytreatmentofwastewaterdischargedintoMinamataBay.1956,foundastrangediseasenearMinamatabay.Thisdiseasefirstappearsincats,knownasthe"cat'sdisease".Sickcatsataxia,convulsions,paralysis,andevenjumpedintotheseadead,knownasthe"catDutchact".

Later,herearealsofoundinpeoplesufferingfromthisdisease.Patientsduetocerebralcentralnervoussystemandperipheralnerveshavebeeninfringed,mildinarticulate,dementiaface,hand,footnumbness,lossofvision,tremor,hand,footanddeformation,severeneurologicaldisorder,orsleep,orexcited,thebodybowhighcall,untildeath.Atthetimeofthisdiseasebecauseofunknownetiologyandwascalled"strangedisease",laterknownasthe"Minamatadisease".In1959,KumamotoUniversitySchoolofmedicinefromthepatient'sbody,fishandchemicalplantsewagefoundtoxicmethylmercury,confirmedMeHgistheetiologyofMinamatadisease.Minamata

diseasepatientswithpainedexpressionMemoryofMinamatadiseasevictims6、Toyamaitaiitaidiseaseevent

Japanin1955ToyamaCounty,theemergenceofastrangedisease,thesymptomsofjointpain.Afterseveralyearsofillness,patientswithvariouspartsofthebodywillnervepain,difficulty,evenbreathingwillbringunbearablepain.Inthelaterstageofdisease,patientswithbonesoftening,atrophy,bonecrisp,evencoughcancausefracture.SomepeoplecouldnotbearthepainandDutchact.Thisdiseaseissonamed"itaiitaidisease"or"ItaiItaidisease".

Until1961,theJapanesemedicalcommunityengagedinclinical,pathology,epidemiology,animalexperimentandchemicalanalysisofpersonnelafteralong-termstudyfoundthat"ItaiItaidisease"isduetopoisoningcausedbytheJinzuRiverupstreamoftheKamiokaminewastewaterofcadmium(CD).Cadmiumisaheavymetal,isharmfultohumanbodymaterial.Cadmiuminhumanbodyismainlyduetocontaminatedwater,food,airthroughthedigestivetractandrespiratorytractingested,alotofsavingswillbecausedbycadmiumpoisoning.7、Yokkaichiasthmaevent

In1955,islocatedineasternJapanYokkaichifirstrefineryafterthecompletionof,havelaunchedanumberofotherrelatedenterprises,jointpetroleumenterprisesgraduallyformedacertainscale.In1959,theoilcompaniesofcentralenterprisestostartproduction,Yokkaichiwillsoonbecomea"jointventureoilcity".However,whileitisonthiscomingabonanzaoflargecompanieswouldenvy,terriblepollutionofdiseasehascreptintothepeople'slife.

Yokkaichiresidentsbyinhalingtheairbyoxideflowandallkindsofmetaldustpollutionandrespiratoryorgandamage,alotofpeoplesufferingfromrespiratorydiseases,suchasbronchitis,asthma,emphysema,lungcancerandother.In1970,morethan2000peoplewithasthma.Bytheendof1972,upto6376people,morethan10peopledied.Totheendof197910,toconfirmthenumberofpatientssufferingfromairpollutiondiseasesfor775491people.8、Japanesericebranoilevent

In1968March,hundredsofthousandsofchickensinmanypartsofJapan'ssuddendeath.Afterinvestigation,foundthatthefeedpoisoningdidn'tpursue.However,thingsdidnotend,6-10monthsinthesameyear,4doorpeoplesufferingfromunexplainedskindiseasetoKyushuUniversityHospitalfortreatment,patientswithearlysymptomsofacnelikerash,blacknails,skinpigmentcalm,conjunctivalhyperemia.JapanesericebranoilincidentvictimsofPCBs

Thediseaseferocious,thenumberofpatientswhosoonreachedmorethan1400people,including16deaths,theactualnumberofvictimsofmorethan13000people.Throughthecorpseanatomy,PCBswerefoundinthedeadvisceralandsubcutaneousf