浙江省杭州市綠城育華學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年七年級上學(xué)期12月檢測數(shù)學(xué)試題

2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期上杭一中高三英語12月月考英語試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15．答案是C。1．Whatis“couscous”?A．Anewhotel.B．Akindoffood.C．Acloserelative.2．HowwillthespeakersgototheSportsComplex?A．Bybus.B．Bytaxi.C．Bysubway.3．Whatwilltheweatherbeliketoday?A．Windy.B．Sunny.C．Rainy.4．InwhichcitydidthewomanandJohnstaythelongest?A．Vienna.B．Rome.C．Paris.5Whyhasthemancomealongwaytoseethewoman?A．Tohaveaninterview.B．Toaskaboutalawyer.C．Toregisteranadvertisement.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whenwillthespeakershavetheirpicnic?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.7．Whowillgotothemarket?A．Johnny’smother.B．Lucy’sparents.C．JohnnyandLucy.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inarestaurant.B．Inabookstore.C．Inasupermarket.9．Whatdoesthemanhavetodonow?A．Signhisname.B．Waitforhisturn.C．Callhisfriend.更多課件教案等優(yōu)質(zhì)滋元可家威杏MXSJ663聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Brotherandsister.C．Customerandshopassistant.11．Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A．Heisverypoor.B．Hehatesshopping.C．Heoftencomestothestore.12．Whichdressdoesthewomanlike?A．Theredone.B．Theblueone.C．Thewhiteone.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatdoesthemanthinkofvisitingartgalleries?A．Costly.B．Worthwhile.C．Disappointing14．Wheredidthewomangorecently!A．ToWashington.B．ToSeoul.C．ToParis.15．Howoldisthewomannow?A．22yearsold.B．26yearsold.C．28yearsold.16．Whatartgallerydoesthemanwanttovisitagain?A．Muséed’Orsay.B．CentrePompidou.C．TheNationalGalleryofArt.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．WhatisPerelman?A．Aresearcher.B．Adoctor.C．Areporter.18．Withwhomdobabiesfeelthemostcomfortable?A．Strangeadults.B．Babysitters.C．Otherbabies.19．Howmaybabiesreacttounfamiliarbabies?A．Theymaystarttocry.B．Theymayshowmuchfear.C．Theymaytoucheachother.20．Whatmaythestudyleadto?A．Muchmoreparentingtimewithbabies.B．Anincreaseinfamily-baseddaycarecenters.C．Agreaterdemandforexperiencedbabysitters.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACompetingforaTriptoSomaBay,EgyptSomaBayisaperfectplaceforsunnyrelaxation.Ifyoutakeatripthere,youcanalsotakepartinthecompetitionweorganize.TheDestinationLappedbytheRedSeaonthreesidesandwithviewsofsandybeachesanddesertmountains,SomaBaycanattractnatureloversmost,Spreadingacrossalmost2,500acres,theEgyptiantouristattractionhasan18-holegolfcoursedesignedbyGaryPlayer,agolfingenthusiast,aswellasthelargestThalassospainAfrica.Kiteboarding,divingandhorseridingareallonoffer,too.OfSomaBay’sfiveaccommodationoptions,afive-starhotelenjoysafantasticlocationonthehighestpointoftheSomaBaypeninsula.Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouron-siterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeach-sidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.Theyareallofferedbythehotel.ThePrizeWiththeofficialpermissionofSomaBay,thewinnercanenjoyafour-nightstayinaclassicroomatthefive-starhotelonahalf-pricebasis.TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof￡650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).ToEnterAnswerthefollowingquestiononlineatnatgeotv,com/uk/competitions:ONWHICHSEAISSOMABAYLOCATED?Competitioncloseson31October2023.ThewinnermustbeaUKadultresidentaged18orover.1.Whatdoesthefive-starhoteloffer?A.Gamesonagolfcourse. B.Ticketsforkiteboarding.C.Somethingtoeatanddrink. D.Accommodationonthebeach.2.Whatcanthewinnerget?A.Afreestayintheperfecthotel. B.AreturnairporttransfertotheUK.C.ApossibledirectflightticketfromBristol. D.AfirstclassflightfromtheUKtoHurghada3.Whatdoweknowaboutthecompetition?A.Itwelcomeschildren. B.Itcoversmultiplequestions.C.IttargetsatEgyptiancitizens. D.ItendsonthelastdayofOctober.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是爭奪去埃及索馬灣旅游的機會而參加的比賽活動的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheDestination部分中的“Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouron-siterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeach-sidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.(它有一些客房和套房的私人陽臺，以及四個現(xiàn)場餐廳，你可以享受海灘邊的披薩，下午茶，或在高爾夫球場的第18洞停下來喝點東西。)”可知，該五星級酒店可以享受海灘邊上的披薩，喝點下午茶，或者在高爾夫球場第18洞喝點東西，由此可知，該五星酒店提供一些吃的喝的東西。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThePrize部分中的“TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof￡650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).(該獎項包括從英國到赫爾格達(dá)國際機場的經(jīng)濟艙往返機票，每人最高價值650英鎊，可從倫敦、曼徹斯特和布里斯托爾等城市直飛，以及從機場到索馬灣的往返機票(不包括英國轉(zhuǎn)機)。)”可知，獲獎?wù)呖梢垣@得從倫敦、曼徹斯特和布里斯托爾等城市直飛的機票。故選C項。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ToEnter部分中的“Competitioncloseson31October2023.(競賽將于2023年10月31日結(jié)束。)”可知，比賽在2023年10月31日結(jié)束，由此可知，比賽在10月的最后一天結(jié)束。故選D項。BLarryandIhavealwayshadourbasicvaluesincommon,butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.Hehasbeensharingseasonticketswithhisfriendsforyears.ImustadmitI’vebeenalwaysinvitedtoseethegamestogether.Thismorning,Icalledmybrother,Larry,andsaid,“Ihaveapieceofgoodnewsandapieceofbadnews.Whichdoyouwanttohearfirst?”“Goodnewsfirst,”Larryanswered.“Youcangotosleepearlytonight,”Isaid.“Okay.What’sthebadone?”heasked.“We’regoingtotheopera!”Ianswered,laughingloudly.Therewasareasonforthejoke.ThelasttimeIinvitedhimtogototheopera,hefellasleepinthetheater.Ihadtoadmititwasalwaysboringforhim,butwhenIgavehimaticketformyfavoriteopera,Ireallythoughthemightenjoyit.Iwokehimup,butsoonhefellasleepagain.WhenLarryfoundIwasjoking,hebreathedasighofreliefontheotherend.Hesaid,“ButIwantyoutogotoseethelastbasketballgamethisautumnwithme.”Ipromisedandcomplained,“Notagain!”Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.Sometimes,mytelephonemessageswouldbeinterruptedwhenthehometeamscored.Iknewtheyscoredbecauseeveryonejumpedupandexchangedhigh-fivesandfistbumps.However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Idecidedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.Whentheotherteamscored,Ieventuallyfeltabitdisappointedwiththerestofmycrowd.Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!Ididn’tkeepglancingattheclock,countingtheminutesuntilwegotout.Timeflew.ThegamewasoverbeforeIknewit.4.WhydoestheauthorquotehisconversationwithLarryinparagraph2?A.Toshowtheircommonvalues. B.Toshowtheirsenseofhumour.C.Toshowthetrustbetweenthem. D.Toshowthedifferenceintheirinterests.5.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialreactiontobasketballgames?A.Casual. B.Curious. C.Puzzled. D.Pleased.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hooked”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Bored. B.Disappointed. C.Addicted. D.Satisfied.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtandSport B.FromOperatoBasketballC.CheeringfortheHomeTeam D.DevelopingaPassionforOpera【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文，講述了作者從喜歡戲劇到喜歡籃球的經(jīng)歷。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段講到“butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.(但我們的興趣就像歌劇和籃球一樣相去甚遠(yuǎn)。我熱愛藝術(shù)，他是一個超級體育迷。)”可知，作者在第二段引用他與拉里的對話是為了呈現(xiàn)他們興趣的差異。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到“Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.(大多數(shù)時候，當(dāng)比賽開始時，我會發(fā)短信或做白日夢。)”可知，作者最初在看籃球比賽時經(jīng)常玩手機，表現(xiàn)得很隨意。故選A。【6題詳解】詞義猜測題。劃線單詞下文講到“Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!(我哥哥看到我參與進(jìn)來很驚訝。我自己都驚呆了！)”可知，劃線單詞所在句子的意思是：比賽很激烈，我很快就迷上了。因此最后一段中帶下劃線的單詞hooked的意思是“上癮的，著迷的”。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。本文講述了作者從喜歡戲劇到喜歡籃球的經(jīng)歷。文章第一段講到“butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.(但我們的興趣就像歌劇和籃球一樣相去甚遠(yuǎn)。我熱愛藝術(shù)，他是一個超級體育迷。)”以及文章最后一段講到“Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.(游戲很激烈，我很快就迷上了。)”說明了作者的轉(zhuǎn)變，可知，文章的最佳標(biāo)題是：從歌劇到籃球。故選B。CAncientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.Theresearchhasturnedupasurprisinglistofmaterialsthatweremixedintooldbuildings.Theyincludetreebark,volcanicash,riceandbeer.Theseunexpectedmaterialscanhavetheabilitytogetstrongerovertime.Figuringouthowtocopythesefeaturescanhaverealimpactstoday.Whilesomeofourmodernconcretehasthestrengthtoholdupverytallbuildingsandheavystructures,itcannotcompetewiththedurabilityoftheseancientmaterials.ManyscientistshaveturnedtotheRomans.Startingaround200BC,theRomanEmpirewasbuildingconcretestructuresthathavestoodthetestoftime.Eveninplaceswhereseawaterhasbeenhittingstructuresforages,youwillfindconcretebasicallythewayitwaswhenitwaspoured2,000yearsago.TheythinktheyhavefoundanimportantreasonwhysomeRomanconcretehasheldupstructuresforthousandsofyears.Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”cracks(裂縫)whentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.Exactlyhowisnotyetclear,butscientistsarestartingtofindthereasons.Today’sbuilderscannotjustcopytheancientprocesses.EventhoughRomanconcretelastedalongtime,itcouldn’tholdupheavybuildings.Instead,researchersaretryingtotakesomeoftheancientmaterialsandaddthemintomodernmixes.Peopledon’tneedtomakethingslastquiteaslongastheRomansdid.Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.8.WhatwerethementionedRomanandChinesebuildingsbothusedfor?A.Travel. B.Defence. C.Soldiertraining. D.Seawatercontrol.9.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheancientbuildings?A.Long-lasting. B.Energy-efficient. C.Delicate. D.Flexible.10.Whatsurprisesthescientistsmostabouttheancientbuildingmaterials?A.Theirlargecracks. B.Theirclearconcrete.C.Theirinternalstructures. D.Theirself-repairingability.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureconcrete?A.Tolerant. B.Expectant. C.Suspicious. D.Indifferent.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒的原因?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.”（羅馬的建造者建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤?，斞殴そ硠?chuàng)造了偉大的雕塑，中國工匠建造了抵御外敵的城墻。）可推知，羅馬和中國的建筑都是用來起到防御作用的。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ancientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.”（世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒。）以及第二段中“Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.”（長久以來，越來越多的科學(xué)家一直在研究材料。他們正在拆除建筑物的碎片，閱讀歷史文獻(xiàn)，希望了解它們是如何屹立數(shù)千年的。）可推知，這些古建筑能夠持久的存在。故選A項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”crackswhentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.”（這些古老材料具有一種不尋常的力量，可以在裂縫形成時自我修復(fù)和“治愈”裂縫，這對他們來說是最令人震驚的。）可知，古代建筑材料中最令科學(xué)家驚訝的是它們的自我修復(fù)能力。故選D項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.”（如果我們將混凝土的壽命延長50年或100年，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，我們肯定需要更少的拆除，更少的維護(hù)和更少的材料。）可推知，作者對未來混凝土的態(tài)度是期待的。故選B項。DAnewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鴿子)combinepreciseinternalcompassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.Testingnonhumanmemorykeepingischallenginginresearchstudies.“It’srarethatthereisagapofseveralyearsbetweenwhenananimalstorestheinformationandwhenitisnextrequiredtogetitback,”saysDoraBiro,azoologistattheUniversityofOxford.Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguescompareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflights-ontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearcherscomparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.Somebirdsmissedahandfuloflandmarksalongtheway,butmanyotherstook“strikinglysimilar”routestothosetheyusedin2016,“Itwasasifthelasttimetheyflewtherewasjustthedaybefore,notfouryearsago,”saysOxfordzoologistandstudyco-authorJulienCollet.Theteamfoundthatthepigeonsrememberedaroutejustaswelliftheyfirstflewitaloneorwithothersandperformedmuchbetterthanthosethathadnotmadethejourneyin2016.“Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.12.Whatdoesparagraph1mentionabouthomingpigeons?A.Thetimeofleavinghome. B.Thelocationoftheirbirth.C.Thewaystheynavigatehome. D.Thereasonsfortheirtakingtrips.13.HowdidBiroandhercolleaguesconductthestudy?A.Throughquestionnaires. B.Throughinformationassumptions.C.Throughlabexperimentsonanimals. D.Throughcomparativeanalysisofdata.14.Whatdidtheresearchersusetogetthepigeons’flightroutesaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Predictionmethod. B.Trackingmethod.C.Expertconsultation. D.Literatureconsultation.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutanimalcognitiveabilitiesfromVernerBingman’swords?A.Theyareunderestimated. B.Theyhavebeendeclining.C.Theyaremuchlowerthanhumans’. D.Theyhaveneverbeenconfirmed.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)信鴿可以通過自身的方位分辨技術(shù)找到回家的路。解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及意義?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鴿子)combinepreciseinternalcompassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.(一項新的研究表明，信鴿結(jié)合了體內(nèi)精確的羅盤和記憶的地標(biāo)，甚至在它們上一次飛行四年后，還能重新找到回家的路)”可知，第一段提到了信鴿回家的方式。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguescompareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflights-ontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.(在最近的一項研究中，比羅和她的同事們比較了國內(nèi)信鴿從8.6公里外的農(nóng)場回到家的路線三到四年后的路線。這項研究建立在2016年一項實驗的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上，在這項實驗中，鴿子在幾次飛行中在不同的社會背景下學(xué)習(xí)路線——單獨飛行或與不認(rèn)識路的同伴一起飛行)”可知，比羅和她的同事通過數(shù)據(jù)的比較分析進(jìn)行這項研究。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearcherscomparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.(研究人員利用臨時安裝在鴿子背上的GPS設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)，將一群鴿子在2016年的飛行路線與2019年或2020年的許多相同路線進(jìn)行了比較，其間鳥兒沒有訪問釋放地點)”可知，研究人員通過跟蹤法來得到鴿子的飛行路線。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.(“這個結(jié)果并不令人驚訝，但它為信鴿非凡的記憶力提供了新的證據(jù)。它拉近了我們過于自信的人類認(rèn)知能力和動物能力之間的距離，”弗納·賓曼說，他在州立鮑靈格林大學(xué)研究動物導(dǎo)航，但沒有參與這項研究)”可推知，VernerBingman的話表明動物認(rèn)知能力被低估了。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.___16___Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).___17___Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.___18___Itistheirlastingimpactthatmakesitimpossibleforustofocusonanysingletask.Inthisway,theygreatlyreduceourworkefficiency.Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏動)atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.___19___Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.___20___Andregainingyourfocusmightbeharderthanyouanticipate,Thesamegoesforthatcatchynewsheadlineoraninterestingsocialmediapostthatcatchesyoureye-pullingyouawayfromyourtaskandmakingyoulostintheseaofdistractions.A.Butitisdouble-edged.B.Somedistractionscanbeavoided.C.Statisticsrevealhowcommonthisissueis.D.They’realsopersistentandendlessingettingourattention.E.Thesoundofitisloudenoughtointerruptyourconcentration.F.Stimulatingourinterestandincreasingthespeedofourworkareimportant.G.Thismakesmaintainingfocusinthenoisyworldanever-increasingchallenge.【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.G20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了我們受到外界干擾的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.(我們有幸接觸到動態(tài)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，它為我們學(xué)習(xí)、聯(lián)系和娛樂提供了豐富的資源)”以及后文“Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).(同樣的工具可以提高我們的工作效率，也有能力讓我們陷入分心的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的有利有弊。故A選項“但這是一把雙刃劍”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.(平均而言，84.4%的人在工作中分心，這一比例令人震驚。有一些常見的疑點。電子郵件搶走了26%的人的注意力。電話和短信影響了43%的人。同事轉(zhuǎn)移了27%的注意力。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以其無限的信息和娛樂來源，分散了我們41%的注意力。此外，一項調(diào)查顯示，高達(dá)67%的員工表示，他們的工作經(jīng)常受到花在會議和電話上的過多時間的影響)”可知，本段主要通過具體的數(shù)據(jù)說明了員工容易被網(wǎng)絡(luò)分心。故C選項“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)揭示了這個問題有多普遍”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.(這些干擾不僅僅是煩惱)”可知，本句承接上文繼續(xù)說明干擾的其他消極影響。故D選項“它們還會持續(xù)不斷地吸引我們的注意力”符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏動)atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.(一項研究為我們與分心的斗爭提供了更多的見解。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的腦電波以不同的頻率脈動，這取決于外部刺激的類型。對于自動刺激，節(jié)奏更快，但對于我們有意識地選擇關(guān)注的任務(wù)，節(jié)奏會減慢)”可知，上文提到了自動刺激會讓我們節(jié)奏減慢，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文說明其帶來的影響：使得在嘈雜的世界中保持專注成為一個越來越大的挑戰(zhàn)。故G選項“這使得在嘈雜的世界中保持專注成為一個越來越大的挑戰(zhàn)”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.(試想一下：你正在參與一個項目，然后你的手機收到一條短信)”可知，上文提到收到了一條短信，故本句應(yīng)說明短信給你帶來的影響：打斷你的注意力。故E選項“它的聲音大到足以打斷你的注意力”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.Theywereso___21___aboutitthattheydecidedtocreateaprogramto___22___theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeopleinneedforfree.Later,theFoodRecoveryNetwork(FRN)___23___.Uptonow,FRNhasgrowntobecomeanationwideorganizationwithmany___24___incollegesanduniversitiesaroundtheUS,includingoneattheUniversityofMaryland.Meanwhile,Rochester,acityofAmerica,hasahighrateoffood___25___.Inresponsetoit,aproposalforacommunityfoodsystemplanhasbeen___26___bythecity’sgovernment.Theplanisaimedtooffersafe___27___toallresidents.ThechapterofFRNattheUniversityofMarylandworksto___28___theseattempts.Withitshelp,theworkisprogressing___29___.Thestudentshaverelocatedquantitiesoffoodthatwouldhaveotherwisegonetowaste.EveryFridayafternoon,membersofthechaptermeetto___30___theleftfoodfromthecampus.Thenthefoodissortedanddistributedtothecommunitiesalloverthestate.“Our___31___isrespondingpositively,”onestudentsays.“Whatwedon’twantishavingtoomuchfoodinthekitchen.”Thestudentsdomakea___32___,andtheyevensupplythe___33___mealstothepeopleoutsidethecity.Besides,whattheyhavedoneis___34___totheenvironment.ThankstoFRN,theyhavesuccessfully___35___thereleaseoftonsofcarbondioxidethroughreducingwaste.21.A.delighted B.relaxed C.confused D.concerned22.A.redistribute B.replace C.waste D.label23.A.cameback B.camedown C.cameintobeing D.cametoanend24.A.donations B.chapters C.meals D.teachers25.A.supply B.recognition C.insecurity D.disappearance26.A.doubted B.rejected C.postponed D.submitted27.A.medicine B.shelter C.food D.trip28.A.aid B.assess C.identify D.investigate29.A.randomly B.smoothly C.temporarily D.toughly30.A.collect B.eat C.order D.sell31.A.bank B.home C.company D.school32.A.living B.difference C.fortune D.profit33.A.extra B.dirty C.purchased D.expensive34.A.adaptable B.friendly C.blind D.harmful35.A.allowed B.promoted C.decreased D.received【答案】21.D22.C23.C24.B25.C26.D27.C28.A29.B30.A31.D32.B33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了馬里蘭大學(xué)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)校園里大量食物被浪費的現(xiàn)象后，創(chuàng)建了食物回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一項目?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常擔(dān)憂這個問題，于是決定創(chuàng)建一個項目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費送給他們。A.delighted高興的；B.relaxed輕松的；C.confused疑惑的；D.concerned關(guān)心的，擔(dān)憂的。前文提到“In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.”（2011年，馬里蘭大學(xué)的一些學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)校園里有大量食物被浪費。），可知看到食物被浪費應(yīng)該感到非常痛心非常擔(dān)憂。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常關(guān)心這個問題，于是決定創(chuàng)建一個項目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費送給他們。A.redistribute重新分配；B.replace替換；C.waste浪費；D.label貼標(biāo)簽。后文提到“theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeoplein_______forfree.”（將多余的食物免費分給有需要的人）由此判斷，這些“浪費了的，多余的”食物應(yīng)該需要重新分配一下，分發(fā)給有需要的人。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：后來，食品回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)(FRN)應(yīng)運而生。A.cameback回來；B.camedown下來；減輕；C.cameintobeing形成；D.cametoanend結(jié)束。前文提到“theydecidedtocreateaprogram”（于是決定創(chuàng)建一個項目）由此判斷，正是因為看到了食堂里食物的浪費，所以食品回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)才因此產(chǎn)生。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，F(xiàn)RN已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個全國性的組織，在美國各地的學(xué)院和大學(xué)都有許多分會，其中包括馬里蘭大學(xué)的一個分會。A.donations捐款；B.chapters章節(jié)，分會；C.meals餐食；D.teachers老師。前文提到“becomeanationwideorganization”（成為一個全國性的組織），以及后文中“EveryFridayafternoon,membersofthechaptermeetto________theleftfoodfromthecampus”（周五下午，分會的成員集合到校園里分發(fā)剩下的食物）可知，chapter此處為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時，美國的羅徹斯特市的食品不安全率很高。A.supply供應(yīng)；儲備；B.recognition識別；C.insecurity不安全性；D.disappearance消失。后文提到“Theplanisaimedtooffersafe________toallresidents.”（該計劃旨在為所有居民提供安全食品。）由此判斷，該市的食品安全率不高所以才要制定計劃改善這一現(xiàn)象。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為回應(yīng)，市政府已經(jīng)提交了一份社區(qū)食品系統(tǒng)計劃的提案。A.doubted懷疑；B.rejected拒絕；C.postponed推遲；D.submitted提交。后文提到“Theplanisaimedtooffersafe________toallresidents.”（該計劃旨在為所有居民提供安全食品。）說明政府已經(jīng)提交了這項計劃的提案，以提升當(dāng)?shù)厥澄锇踩?。故選D。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該計劃旨在為所有居民提供安全食品。A.medicine藥品；B.shelter住所；C.food食物；D.trip旅行。前文提到“Meanwhile,Rochester,acityofAmerica,hasahighrateoffood________”（與此同時，美國的羅徹斯特市的食品不安全率很高。）由此判斷，這一提案的提出是要為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┌踩氖澄?。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：馬里蘭大學(xué)FRN分會致力于幫助這些嘗試。A.aid幫助；B.assess評估；C.identify識別；查明；D.investigate調(diào)查。后文提到“Withitshelp,theworkisprogressing________”（在它的幫助下，這項工作進(jìn)展得很順利），說明FRN分會在幫助這些為提高食品安全的嘗試。故選A。【29題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在它的幫助下，工作進(jìn)展順利。A.randomly隨機地；B.smoothly順利地；C.temporarily暫時地；D.toughly固執(zhí)地。后文提到“Thestudentshaverelocatedquantitiesoffoodthatwouldhaveotherwisegonetowaste.”（學(xué)生們重新分配了大量原本會被浪費掉的食物。），學(xué)生們將食物重新分配，說明這項任務(wù)進(jìn)行得十分順利。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每周五下午，分會的成員會聚集在一起收集校園里剩下的食物。A.collect收集；B.eat吃；C.order命令；D.sell賣。后文提到“Thenthefoodis________anddistributedtothecommunitiesalloverthestatebycategory.”（然后將食物分類分發(fā)到全州各地的社區(qū)。）由此判斷，馬里蘭大學(xué)分會應(yīng)該要先把食物收集起來，才能分到各處。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們學(xué)校的反應(yīng)很積極，”一名學(xué)生說。A.bank銀行；B.home家；C.company公司；D.school學(xué)校。根據(jù)“