河南省安陽(yáng)市滑縣2023-2024學(xué)年七年級(jí)上學(xué)期12月月考數(shù)學(xué)試題

三明一中2023-2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期12月月考高三英語(yǔ)科試卷(考試時(shí)間：120分鐘;滿分：150分)本試卷由四個(gè)部分組成，其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題，第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題?？忌⒁猓?.考生前，考生務(wù)必將個(gè)人信息填寫在答題卡上?？忌J(rèn)真核對(duì)答題卡上的信息。2.選擇題部分每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。非選擇題答案請(qǐng)黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)規(guī)范作答，凡是答題不規(guī)范一律無(wú)效。3.考生應(yīng)遵守考試規(guī)定，做到“誠(chéng)信考試，杜絕舞弊”。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.It’shot.B.It’scold.C.It’swarm.2.Whatisthewomanprobablydoingnow?A.Cookingameal.B.Dryingherclothes.C.Washingherclothes.3.Whydoesthemanlikebigbandmusic?A.Helikesthe1950sfashion.B.Heenjoysdancingtoit.C.Hecanbecheeredup.4.Whatdoesthemanprobablyorder?A.Icedcoffee.B.Teacakes.C.Icecream.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anoldcomputer.B.Thewoman’snewcar.C.Arecentspacemission.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。更多課件教案等優(yōu)質(zhì)滋元可家威杏MXSJ6636.WhathappenedtoJack’sgrandfather?A.Hehurthisknee.B.Hehadaheartattack.C.Hehadacaraccident.7.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygonext?A.Asupermarket.B.Ahospital.C.Acinema.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Relaxed.B.Satisfied.C.Anxious.9.Whenwilltheshowbegin?A.OnOctober24th.B.OnOctober14th.C.OnOctober10th.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Stoptakingthingssoseriously.B.Concentrateonthethingshecancontrol.C.Communicatewiththeothermembers.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Acouple.C.Managerandemployee.12.WheredidLucystayforseveralweeksrecently?A.Bytheseaside.B.Inthecountry.C.Inatowerblock.13.WhatdoesLucydo?A.She’sanauthor.B.She’sapublisher.C.She’sahousekeeper.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Inamuseum.15.Whattimemaythespeakersarriveatschooltomorrow?A.At6:00a.m.B.At7:30a.m.C.At8:00a.m.16.Howdoesthemanplantosendhiskidstoschooltomorrow?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.17Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Packclothes.B.Preparefood.C.Setanalarmclock.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidthespeakermostlyplayatschool?A.Thefunnyroles.B.Theseriousroles.C.Theromanticroles.19.Whorecommendedthespeakertodovoiceacting?A.Aclassmate.B.Adirector.C.Adramateacher.20.Whatisthespeakerworkingforlately?A.Cartoons.B.Talkingbooks.C.Computergames.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWantapart-timejob?Herearesomeoptions.CourtMonitorsWeareseekingfunandenergeticindividualsforCourtMonitors.Youmustbeagoodcommunicator,abletoworkunderpressureandenjoyafast-pacedenvironment.Applicantsmusthavereliabletransportation,beavailabletoworkweekendsandhaveaprovenbackgroundinthefield.Benefits:●Employeediscount●FlexiblescheduleforalloflifeeventsBasicLandscapingDickersonLandscapingislookingtoaddexperiencedmemberstoourlandscapingteam.Ifyouenjoyworkingoutdoorsandaregenuinelyinterestedincrafting,planting,anddigging,thenwe’reinterestedinyou!Youshouldbecapableofdoingphysicalworkandliftingobjectsover50lbs.Weworkonweekdays.Benefits:●Paidtimeoff●Lifeinsurance●HealthinsuranceSandwichArtistAnoutstandingSandwichMakeiswanted!Theidealpersonforthispositionhasrelevantworkexperienceintherestaurantindustry.Aresponsibilityistosafelypreparesandwichestoourcustomers’specifications,workcooperativelywithotherfoodservicestaffandhelptomaintainorganizationandcleanlinessinthekitchen.Benefits:●Paidtraining●Paidtimeoff●Freeuniforms●DiscountedmealsVegetableFarmAssistantIfyouareintoorganicfarmpracticesandtakeinterestinlocalandsustainablyproducedfood,joinus!Previousexperienceisaplus,butnotrequired.Havetheabilitytoliftandcarry50lbsandperformtasksthatrequirebendingorkneelingforseveralhours.SchedulecanbeflexiblewithprioritygiventoapplicantswithMonday-Thursdayavailability.Benefits:●Flexibleschedule1.Whatwillresultindisqualificationasacourtmonitor?A.Beingagreenhand. B.Beingstress-resistant.C.Beingacommunicativeperson. D.Beingavailableonweekends.2.Whatcanyougetfromthejobasasandwichartist?A.Freedining. B.Leavewithpay.C.Stylishclothes. D.Personalizedtraining.3.WhatisasharedrequirementforBasicLandscapingandVegetableFarmAssistant?A.Excellenthandskills. B.Astrongbody.C.Atightworkingschedule. D.Priorexperience.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了幾個(gè)兼職工作。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourtMonitors中“Applicantsmusthavereliabletransportation,beavailabletoworkweekendsandhaveaprovenbackgroundinthefield.”（申請(qǐng)人必須有可靠的交通工具，可以在周末工作，并有在該領(lǐng)域的證明背景。）可知，一個(gè)沒有任何在該領(lǐng)域工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的新手是不具備資格申請(qǐng)此工作的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SandwichArtist中“Paidtimeoff”（帶薪休假）可知，你能從三明治藝術(shù)家的工作中得到帶薪休假的福利。ACD選項(xiàng)均與原文實(shí)意不符。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)BasicLandscaping中“Youshouldbecapableofdoingphysicalworkandliftingobjectsover50lbs.”（你應(yīng)該有能力做體力勞動(dòng)和舉起超過50磅的物體。）以及VegetableFarmAssistant中“Havetheabilitytoliftandcarry50lbsandperformtasksthatrequirebendingorkneelingforseveralhours.”（能夠舉起和攜帶50磅的重物，完成需要彎腰或跪著幾個(gè)小時(shí)的任務(wù)。）可推知，基本園林綠化和蔬菜農(nóng)場(chǎng)助理的共同要求是要用強(qiáng)壯的身體。故選B項(xiàng)。BIdon’trememberwhenmyloveoftheprotectedGreatBearRainforestbegan—it’ssomethingthat’salwaysbeenthere,eventhoughIhaven’tspentlongerthanamonththereinonego.Igrewupinasmallvillagebytheseaandplannedtostudymarinebiologyandliveoutonthewater.Unfortunately,orperhapsfortunately,mylackofscientifictalentquicklyputpaidtothatidea,buttheloveofnatureremainedandhasbeenananchor(錨)inmylifeandinmywriting.TheGreatBearRainforestisvast,splendidandwildbutalsofriendly,funanddiverse.Itravelledtherebymyselfattheageof20,planningtospendmy21stbirthdaycamping,andhikingintheforests.Iwokeuponmybirthdayinatentontheedgeofthewater.Behindme,thetreesofthislargelyuntouchedwildernessemerged.Endlesscarpetsofpointedtreesreachedrightdowntoathinrockyshore.Itseemedtherewasnowayin.Thiswildernesshelditssecretsclose.Steppingfromthebeachintotheforest,Iimmediatelysensedthehistoryofthearea—itfeltancient,anditwasimpossiblenottobehumbled.Withaguideforsafety,Ihikedafewmilesthroughthewilderness.Thesoundsoftheforestwereeverywhere.Birdssang.Insectsbuzzed.Somethingbiggermovedthroughtheundergrowthandmyguidestoppeddead.Listened.Myheartwasinmymouth.Then,aftersomeinvisiblesignal,myguiderelaxed,andwewenton.Wecontinuedthehikeandemergedontoacliffwiththemostbreath-takingviewI’veeverseen.Fromterrortowonderinonlyafewhundredsteps.Itwasthatsenseofunsettledground—ofshiftingemotion,secretsandawe,beautyandfear—that’sfedmywritingacrossfourbooks,nonemoresothanChildrenoftheSun,andimplantedinmealifelongloveofthewild.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“putpaidto”inparagraph1mean?A.Stimulated. B.Ended. C.Supported. D.Proved.5.Whatdoes“itwasimpossiblenottobehumbled”conveyinparagraph3?A.Iwasawedbythepowerfulnature. B.Ibecamemodestaftermy21stbirthday.C.Iwasattractedbythehistoryofthearea. D.Igotcuriousaboutthesecretsoftheforest.6.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheguide?A.Conservative. B.Considerate. C.Practiced. D.Indecisive.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thepassionfornature. B.Thefeatureof4books.C.Anunforgettabletravelexperience. D.Avividdescriptionofmixedemotions.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者20歲時(shí)獨(dú)自去大熊雨林旅行的經(jīng)歷，講述了旅行中的所見所聞。【4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“mylackofscientifictalentquickly”以及后文“buttheloveofnatureremainedandhasbeenananchor(錨)inmylifeandinmywriting.”可知，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明作者缺乏科學(xué)天賦，很快結(jié)束了這個(gè)想法，但對(duì)大自然的熱愛仍然存在，并一直是生活和寫作的支柱。故劃線詞意思是“結(jié)束”。故選B?！?題詳解】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Itseemedtherewasnowayin.Thiswildernesshelditssecretsclose.Steppingfromthebeachintotheforest,Iimmediatelysensedthehistoryofthearea—itfeltancient,anditwasimpossiblenottobehumbled.(似乎沒有辦法進(jìn)去。這片荒野封閉著它的秘密。從海灘走進(jìn)森林，我立刻感受到這個(gè)地區(qū)的歷史——它給人一種古老的感覺，不可能不感到謙卑)”以及最后一段“Fromterrortowonderinonlyafewhundredsteps.Itwasthatsenseofunsettledground—ofshiftingemotion,secretsandawe,beautyandfear(正是這種不安的感覺——不斷變化的情感、秘密與敬畏、美麗與恐懼)”可推知，第3段中的“不可能不感到謙卑”意思是“我對(duì)大自然的強(qiáng)大感到敬畏”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Somethingbiggermovedthroughtheundergrowthandmyguidestoppeddead.Listened.Myheartwasinmymouth.Then,aftersomeinvisiblesignal,myguiderelaxed,andwewenton.(有個(gè)更大的東西穿過灌木叢，我的向?qū)蝗煌Ａ讼聛?lái)。聽著。我的心都提到嗓子眼兒了。然后，在一些看不見的信號(hào)之后，我的向?qū)Х潘闪讼聛?lái)，我們繼續(xù)前進(jìn))”可推知，導(dǎo)游從一開始看到更大的東西停下來(lái)，到后來(lái)看到信號(hào)之后放松了下來(lái)，說明他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“TheGreatBearRainforestisvast,splendidandwildbutalsofriendly,funanddiverse.Itravelledtherebymyselfattheageof20,planningtospendmy21stbirthdaycamping,andhikingintheforests.(大熊雨林廣闊、壯麗、野生，但也友好、有趣、多樣。我在20歲的時(shí)候獨(dú)自去那里旅行，計(jì)劃在我21歲生日的時(shí)候去露營(yíng)，在森林里徒步旅行)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者20歲時(shí)獨(dú)自去大熊雨林旅行的經(jīng)歷，講述了旅行中的所見所聞?？芍?，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是一次難忘的旅行經(jīng)歷。故選C。CIfsomeoneaskedwhetheryoulikethearts,you’dprobablysayyoudo—atleastintheory.Accordingtoasurvey,morethantwo-thirdsofU.S.adultssaythearts“l(fā)iftmeupbeyondeverydayexperiences.”However,only30percentattendedaconcertofanytypein2017;23percentwenttoanartmuseum.Fewerthanhalfactivelycreatedartofanykind.Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.Maybeyouliketoplayalittlebackgroundmusicwhileyouworkordothechores,butevenbeforethepandemic,mostofusrarely,ifever,sawaliveperformance,letalonevisitedagalleryorwatchedaplay.Toooften,weletthedullrealityoflifegetinthewayofthearts.Butthisisamistake.Theartsaretheoppositeofanescapefromreality;theymightjustbethemostrealisticglimpseweevergetintothenatureandmeaningoflife.Ifyoumaketimeforconsumingandproducingart—thesamewayyoumaketimeforworkandexerciseandfamilycommitments—Iassureyouthatyou’llfindyourlifegettingfullerandhappier.Thinkofatimewhenyouheardapieceofmusicandwantedtocry.Ormaybeyourdizzinessasyouemergedfromanarrowsidestreetinanunfamiliarcityandfoundyourselfinabeautifultownsquareasifinafantasy.Theyprobablystimulatedasuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthatartispurepleasuretoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseeitasaluxuryitem,whileapreferableattitudeistotreatartlesslikeadistractingpleasure,andmorelikeexerciseorsleep,anecessity.Thendrawupascheduleofyourartexposurejourney,andgraduallyweaveartintoyoureverydaylife.8.Whatpreventspeoplefromenjoyingthearts?A.Shortageoftime. B.Avoidanceofduty.C.Lackofinterest. D.Artspaceinaccessibility.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheroleofartaccordingtothepassage?A.Itexploresmysteriesoflife. B.Itsparksemotionalresponses.C.Itenhancesphysicalwell-being. D.Itoffersagetawayfromdailylife.10.Whatwillbetalkedaboutnextinthepassage?A.Waystointegrateartintoroutine. B.Barrierstocombineartandlife.C.Formsofdistractingpleasures. D.Benefitsofengagingwithart.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArtJourney:RefreshingSoulB.ArtPursuit:TransformingDullintoFullC.EmbracingArt:FromLuxurytoNecessityD.ConnectingwithArt:FromRealitytoFantasy【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了人們對(duì)自己的日常安排滿滿，以致于沒有“藝術(shù)時(shí)間”，從而使得藝術(shù)成為“理論上的喜愛”和“奢侈品”。作者論述了藝術(shù)能夠帶來(lái)的有益的情緒刺激，希望可以將對(duì)藝術(shù)的喜愛真正體現(xiàn)到日常生活中，使其成為生活必需品。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.(這種不匹配可以歸結(jié)為這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：我們被日常的責(zé)任壓得喘不過氣來(lái)，把我們的日程安排得滿滿的。)”可知，阻止人們享受藝術(shù)的是安排滿滿的日程，即，缺少享受藝術(shù)的時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Theyprobablystimulatedasuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.(它們可能刺激了一種突然的覺醒，很像吸入煙霧彌漫的空氣后，一大口純氧引起的震驚。)”可知，藝術(shù)可能會(huì)刺激一種突然的覺醒，給人帶來(lái)震驚。由此可推知，藝術(shù)會(huì)給人帶來(lái)情緒方面的刺激。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾段末尾句內(nèi)容“Thendrawupascheduleofyourartexposurejourney,andgraduallyweaveartintoyoureverydaylife.(然后制定一個(gè)你的藝術(shù)接觸之旅的時(shí)間表，并逐漸將藝術(shù)融入你的日常生活。)”提到了制定一個(gè)時(shí)間表，將藝術(shù)融入日常生活，由此可推知，后文應(yīng)以這一話題繼續(xù)講述如何設(shè)計(jì)這樣的時(shí)間表，如何將藝術(shù)融入日常生活規(guī)劃中。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthatartispurepleasuretoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseeitasaluxuryitem,whileapreferableattitudeistotreatartlesslikeadistractingpleasure,andmorelikeexerciseorsleep,anecessity.(如果你認(rèn)為藝術(shù)是一種純粹的體驗(yàn)和參與的樂趣，你可能會(huì)將其視為奢侈品，而更可取的態(tài)度是將藝術(shù)視為一種分散注意力的樂趣，而更像是一種鍛煉或睡眠，一種必需品。)”點(diǎn)明了作者想要表達(dá)的核心，即，摒棄掉“對(duì)藝術(shù)理論式的喜愛”，將藝術(shù)真正的融入生活，使其成為生活必需品，而非奢侈品。因此，選項(xiàng)C“EmbracingArt:FromLuxurytoNecessity(擁抱藝術(shù)：從奢侈品到必需品)”貼合主旨，可作最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。DBiodegradable(可降解的)foodpackagingisdesignedtodetecttowhatdegreethefoodhasgonebadbychangingitscolor.Best-beforelabelsareoftenpoorpredictorsofwhenfoodbecomesdangeroustoeat,whichcanleadtowasteandfoodpoisoning,saysBenedettoMarelliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Soheandhiscolleaguestriedtocreatethepackagethatcanreacttochangesinfood.Theymadefourfilms(膜)similartoplasticpackage,eachconsistingoftwolayers.Onelayerwasmadefromaproteinextractedfromsilkwormsilk,whiletheotherwasmadeofoneoffourso-calledcovalentorganicframeworks(COFs).Thesematerialscontaincarbonandhydrogen,aswellasatomslikeoxygenornitrogen,allarrangedinanetworkthatallowsairandwatertogothrougheasily.Aftercheckingthefilmswerenon-toxicandstrong,theresearcherstriedtocompost(堆肥處理)them.Forthebestperformingfilm,50percentofitdegradedafterbeingplacedinsoilfor30days,whichiscomparabletoexistingbiodegradableplastics.ThematerialalsochangedcolourwhenimmersedinwaterwithdifferentpHvalues,duetotheCOFlayer’sinteractionwiththeliquid.BecausethepHoffoodincreasesasitspoils,theresearcherstriedtouseapieceofthefilmasacolour-changinglabelattachedtoapacketofrawchicken.Thelabelstartedofforangebutturnedyellowandgot17percentlighterafter20hoursat30℃,indicatingthatthemeathadbeguntospoil.TheresearchersalsoloadedtheCOFlayerwithachemical.After15days,soyabeanspackagedinthefilmandleftinhighheatandhumiditywentbad,butonlyathirdasmuchasbeanswrappedintraditionalplastic.“Forasuccessfulmarketentry,thematerialwillneedtobeaffordableandeasytoproduce.Thestandardforcompetingwithplasticproductionisveryhigh.”saysMarelli.12.WhydidMarellidecidetocreatethepackage?A.Toimprovethebiodegradabilityoffood.B.Tocompetewithplasticformarketshare.C.Tomakeabreakthroughinbiotechnology.D.Totacklefoodwasteandenhancefoodsafety.13.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thefunctionsoffilms. B.Thecategoriesoffilms.C.Theapplicationoffilms. D.Thecompositionoffilms.14.Whatisthefeatureofthefilm?A.Itpreventsfoodfromspoiling. B.Itshowssensitivitytochemicals.C.Ithasincomparablebiodegradability. D.Itisunaffectedbyunfavorableconditions.15.WhatisMarelli’sattitudetowardstheprospectofthefilm?A.Realistic. B.Hopeless. C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了麻省理工學(xué)的貝內(nèi)代托·馬瑞利和同事們?cè)噲D創(chuàng)造一種能對(duì)食物變化做出反應(yīng)的包裝?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Best-beforelabelsareoftenpoorpredictorsofwhenfoodbecomesdangeroustoeat,whichcanleadtowasteandfoodpoisoning,saysBenedettoMarelliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Soheandhiscolleaguestriedtocreatethepackagethatcanreacttochangesinfood.(麻省理工學(xué)院的貝內(nèi)代托·馬瑞利說，“最佳食用前”標(biāo)簽往往不能很好地預(yù)測(cè)食物何時(shí)會(huì)變得危險(xiǎn)，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致浪費(fèi)和食物中毒。因此，他和他的同事們?cè)噲D創(chuàng)造一種能對(duì)食物變化做出反應(yīng)的包裝。)”可知，他們創(chuàng)造這種包裝的目的是為了處理食物浪費(fèi)和提高食品安全。故選D?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Onelayerwasmadefromaproteinextractedfromsilkwormsilk,whiletheotherwasmadeofoneoffourso-calledcovalentorganicframeworks(COFs).Thesematerialscontaincarbonandhydrogen,aswellasatomslikeoxygenornitrogen,allarrangedinanetworkthatallowsairandwatertogothrougheasily.(其中一層是由從蠶絲中提取的蛋白質(zhì)制成的，而另一層是由四種所謂的共價(jià)有機(jī)框架(COFs)中的一種制成的。這些材料含有碳和氫，以及氧原子或氮原子，它們排列成一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，讓空氣和水很容易通過。)”可知，本段主要介紹膜的組成。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThematerialalsochangedcolourwhenimmersedinwaterwithdifferentpHvalues,duetotheCOFlayer’sinteractionwiththeliquid.BecausethepHoffoodincreasesasitspoils,theresearcherstriedtouseapieceofthefilmasacolour-changinglabelattachedtoapacketofrawchicken.(由于COF層與液體的相互作用，當(dāng)浸入不同pH值的水中時(shí)，材料也會(huì)改變顏色。由于食物變質(zhì)后pH值會(huì)增加，研究人員嘗試用一片薄膜作為變色標(biāo)簽貼在一包生雞肉上。)”當(dāng)與液體相互作用，加入不同pH值的水，材料顏色會(huì)發(fā)生變化，可推知它對(duì)化學(xué)物質(zhì)的敏感。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“‘Forasuccessfulmarketentry,thematerialwillneedtobeaffordableandeasytoproduce.Thestandardforcompetingwithplasticproductionisveryhigh.’saysMarelli.(“為了成功進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，這種材料需要價(jià)格合理且易于生產(chǎn)。與塑料產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常高。馬瑞利說。)”根據(jù)馬瑞利說的話，可推知，他對(duì)這種包裝膜的前景的態(tài)度是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.____16____Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork?Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksalallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.____17____Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.___18___Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.____19____Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.___20___Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.E20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的來(lái)源和科學(xué)依據(jù)，人們都喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)險(xiǎn)也意味著回報(bào)，生活中人們喜歡做一些讓別人意外和害怕的事，這和人的大腦有關(guān)．【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文becausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.當(dāng)我們衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)時(shí)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值得去冒。根據(jù)后文Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.有些人喜歡做一些讓別人意外和害怕的事。也就是說衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)每個(gè)人都可能不一樣．故F選項(xiàng)“然而，我們并不是都使用相同的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)”與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且承接下文。故選F。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文Risk-takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring．喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的人表現(xiàn)更優(yōu)秀，這意味著他們有更大的機(jī)會(huì)生存下去。故C選項(xiàng)“這意味著他們有更大的機(jī)會(huì)生存下去”承接上文。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit．也許你喜歡賽車，也許你不喜歡，這要依據(jù)你的性格。故A選項(xiàng)“這要依據(jù)你的性格”承接上文。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文scientistssaythatyourWillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.科學(xué)家們指出冒險(xiǎn)的意愿在年輕時(shí)會(huì)不斷強(qiáng)烈。根據(jù)下文Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.為了幫你實(shí)現(xiàn)那些，大腦會(huì)不斷增加你對(duì)新的經(jīng)歷的渴望。而這些是在你離開家庭，走進(jìn)一個(gè)更大的世界的時(shí)候。故E選項(xiàng)“這些是在你離開家庭，走進(jìn)一個(gè)更大的世界的時(shí)候”承接上下文。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.不同的人的大腦在處理快樂和恐懼時(shí)表現(xiàn)也會(huì)不一樣。故前面應(yīng)該是說大腦的不同反應(yīng)。故G選項(xiàng)“新的大腦研究表明，當(dāng)我們面對(duì)緊張的情況時(shí)，我們的大腦會(huì)以不同的方式工作”承接下文。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Mybelovedgrandma,hadneverleftAustraliaandnowneverwouldduetocancer.Planted___21___inthearmchair,shehadnoalternativebutto“travel”viathetravelprogramonTV.I___22___thesadnessandthoughthard.Itfinally___23___methatIcouldaskstrangersontheinternetforhelp.I___24___thepost:MyNannyhascancerandshewillneverseetheworld.Pleasesendherpostcardssoshecanseetheworldfromherarmchair.Icanoffernothingbutgratitude.I___25___nottobreatheawordofthis;shouldnothingcome,Icouldn’tbeartocarryher___26___alongwithmyown.Days___27___weeksandNanny’shealthdeclinedrapidly,mysufferinggrowingunbearable.Finally,aboutsixweeksaftermypost,adog-eared,___28___postcardfromUKwanderedintoourhumblelittleletterbox.Itwastomearayoflightandfromthatday,ourletterboxbecamethe___29___forpostcardsfromallovertheworldandahotel,____30____travel-wearycards.Mydreamofarmchairtravelsbecameareality.Inthemonthsthatfollowed,thankstothosecards,myNannyhadaprivate“flight”toboard,travellingfarandwide,satisfiedand____31____.Cancercouldnotstopus.Ourverylastflight____32____onawarmmorning.Mydearesttravel____33____boughtadifferentticketforthistripandbegantoexploreanotherworld.Ihave____34____fromgreatloss,knowingthatherjourneyaheadwouldbeabrilliantonewithsomany____35____fromthestrangers.21.A.calmly B.anxiously C.steadily D.helplessly22.A.swallowed B.expressed C.shared D.forgot23.A.impressed B.comforted C.touched D.hit24.A.putout B.lookedthrough C.showedoff D.pickedup25.A.agreed B.regretted C.resolved D.promised26.A.tolerance B.disappointment C.annoyance D.anxiety27.A.madeup B.mixedup C.ledto D.turnedto28.A.travel-worn B.brand-new C.threatening D.puzzling29.A.station B.destination C.museum D.shop30.A.accepting B.accommodating C.delivering D.attracting31.A.patient B.confident C.grateful D.peaceful32.A.survived B.sped C.failed D.departed33.A.companion B.consultant C.attendant D.guide34.A.heard B.collapsed C.emerged D.benefited35.A.expectations B.blessings C.congratulations D.cheers【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者的奶奶得了癌癥，老人從來(lái)沒有離開過澳大利亞去看世界，于是作者發(fā)了一張?zhí)?，希望看到的人能郵寄明信片給她，于是奶奶開始了從明信片上看世界的“旅行”。雖然最后奶奶去世了，但是她是帶著祝福離開的?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：無(wú)助地坐在輪椅上，她沒有別選擇只能通過電視上的旅游節(jié)目“旅行”。A.calmly冷靜地；B.anxiously焦慮地；C.steadily穩(wěn)定地；D.helplessly無(wú)助地。根據(jù)后半句“shehadnoalternativebutto“travel”viathetravelprogramonTV”可知，此處指作者的奶奶很無(wú)助。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我忍住悲傷，努力思考。A.swallowed吞下，抑制，忍受；B.expressed表達(dá)；C.shared分享；D.forgot忘記。根據(jù)空格后“thesadnessandthoughthard”可知，此處指作者忍住悲傷。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我突然間想起來(lái)，我可以向網(wǎng)上的陌生人求助。A.impressed給……留下印象；B.comforted安慰；C.touched觸摸，感動(dòng)；D.hit擊，打，使意識(shí)到。Ithitsb.that...為固定表達(dá)，意思為“某人突然想起……”，根據(jù)空格后“methatIcouldaskstrangersontheinternetforhelp”可知，此處表示作者突然想起來(lái)可以向網(wǎng)上的陌生人求助。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我發(fā)表了這個(gè)帖子：我的奶奶得了癌癥，她再也見不到這個(gè)世界了。請(qǐng)給她寄明信片，讓她能夠坐在輪椅上看看這個(gè)世界。我將不勝感激。A.putout撲滅，發(fā)表，生產(chǎn)；B.lookedthrough瀏覽；C.showedoff炫耀；D.pickedup撿起。根據(jù)空格后“thepost”可知，作者在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布了帖子。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我決心一個(gè)字都不說；如果什么都沒有來(lái)（沒有人郵寄明信片的話），我無(wú)法承受她和我一樣的失望。A.agreed同意；B.regretted后悔；C.resolved決定；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)空格后“nottobreatheawordofthis”可知，此處表示作者下定決心不把這件事說出來(lái)，因?yàn)楹ε履棠淌９蔬xC?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我決心一個(gè)字都不說；如果什么都沒有來(lái)（沒有人郵寄明信片的話），我無(wú)法承受她和我一樣的失望。A.tolerance忍受；B.disappointment失望；C.annoyance生氣；D.anxiety焦慮。根據(jù)上半句“shouldnothingcome”可知，作者怕奶奶失望。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：日復(fù)一日，周復(fù)一周，奶奶的健康狀況迅速惡化，我的痛苦也越來(lái)越難以忍受。A.madeup編造，化妝；B.mixedup混淆；C.ledto導(dǎo)致；D.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?，轉(zhuǎn)向。根據(jù)空格后“weeksandNanny’shealthdeclinedrapidly”可知，此處指等待明信片的日子由幾天變成了幾周，顯示出作者內(nèi)心的焦慮。故選D。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，大概在我發(fā)出帖子后的六周，一張來(lái)自英國(guó)的卷角且有點(diǎn)破舊的明信片出現(xiàn)在了我們簡(jiǎn)陋的信箱里。A.travel-worn旅行中用舊的；舟車勞頓的；B.brand-new嶄新的；C.threatening威脅的；D.puzzling令人困惑的。根據(jù)空格前“aboutsixweeksaftermypost”可知，這張明信片經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的郵寄已經(jīng)有些破舊。故選A。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它對(duì)于我來(lái)說是一束光，從那天起，我們的信箱變成了來(lái)自世界各地的明信片的目的地，變成了一個(gè)容納風(fēng)塵仆仆的明信片的旅店。A.station車站；B.destination目的地；C.museum博物館；D.shop商店。根據(jù)上文作者發(fā)的帖子里的內(nèi)容“Pleasesendherpostcardssoshecanseetheworldfromherarmchair.(請(qǐng)給她寄明信片，讓她能夠坐在輪椅上看看這個(gè)世界)”可知，這里是明信片的目的地。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它對(duì)于我來(lái)說是一束光，從那天起，我們的信箱變成了來(lái)自世界各地的明信片的目的地，變成了一個(gè)容納風(fēng)塵仆仆的明信片的旅店。A.accepting接受；B.accommodating容納，為……提供住處；C.delivering投遞；D.attracting吸引。根據(jù)空格前“ahotel”以及空格后“travel-wearycards”可知，此處指我們的信箱變成了來(lái)自世界各地的明信片的容身之地，住所。故選B。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月，由于那些卡片，我的奶奶有了一架“私人飛機(jī)”，帶她四處旅行，我們感到滿足且感恩。A.patient有耐心的；B.confident自信的；C.grateful感激的；D.peaceful和平的。根據(jù)空格前“thankstothosecards,myNannyhadaprivate“flight”toboard,travellingfarandwide,satisfiedand”可知，作者抱著一顆感恩的心。故選C。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的最后一班飛機(jī)在一個(gè)溫暖的早晨起飛。A.survived幸存；B.sped加速；C.failed失敗；D.departed離開。根據(jù)下文“Mydearesttravel___13___boughtadifferentticketforthistripandbegantoexploreanotherworld.(我最親愛的旅伴為這次旅行買了另一張票，開始探索另一個(gè)世界)”可知，奶奶去世了，離開了這個(gè)世界，這是奶奶的最后一班“飛機(jī)”，所以此處指最后一班“飛機(jī)”起飛（離開）的時(shí)間。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我最親愛的旅伴為這次旅行買了另一張票，開始探索另一個(gè)世界。A.companion同伴；B.consultant顧問；C.attendant隨從，服務(wù)員；D.guide導(dǎo)游。根據(jù)上文“Cancercouldnotstopus(癌癥沒能阻止我們)”可知，這里指作者和奶奶一起從明信片上看世界，所以奶奶是我的旅伴。故選A。34題詳解】考動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我已經(jīng)從巨大的痛苦中恢復(fù)過來(lái)，知道在這么多陌生人的祝福下，她未來(lái)的旅程將會(huì)是一個(gè)特別棒的旅程。A.heard聽到；B.collapsed倒塌；C.emerged出現(xiàn)，（從困境中）熬過來(lái)；D.benefited獲益。根據(jù)空格后“fromgreatloss”可知，此處指從痛苦中走出來(lái)。故選C。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我已經(jīng)從巨大的痛苦中恢復(fù)過來(lái)，知道在這么多陌生人的祝福下，她未來(lái)的旅程將會(huì)是一個(gè)特別棒