實驗五-Java圖形用戶界面設(shè)計

§5Java圖形用戶界面設(shè)計§5.1實驗目的、內(nèi)容及性質(zhì)掌握Java的GUI設(shè)計技術(shù)，掌握AWT和Swing的應用技巧。實驗性質(zhì)：驗證、必做實驗學時：2學時§5.2問題及思考最常見的AWT以及Swing控件用法。幾個常見布局總結(jié)區(qū)分容器控件和一般非容器控件Java事件幾種關(guān)鍵組成局部以及事件處理流程§5.3實驗指導Swing例如/*需要哪些組件，如何布局？*/importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;importjavax.swing.*;publicclassMyFrmextendsJFrame{//從JFrame繼承/*聲明界面需要使用的控件*/ JLabellbl_name=newJLabel("用戶名"); JLabellbl_pwd=newJLabel("密碼"); JTextFieldtxt_name=newJTextField(); JPasswordFieldtxt_pwd=newJPasswordField(); JButtonbtn_OK=newJButton("登陸"); JButtonbtn_Cancel=newJButton("取消"); /*在構(gòu)造函數(shù)中將控件放置在JFrame上*/ publicMyFrm(){ /*獲取當前Frame的內(nèi)容面板*/JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); /*設(shè)置內(nèi)容面板的布局Layout*/ jp.setLayout(newGridLayout(3,2)); jp.add(lbl_name);jp.add(txt_name); jp.add(lbl_pwd);jp.add(txt_pwd); jp.add(btn_OK);jp.add(btn_Cancel); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } publicstaticvoidmain(Stringarg[]){ /*純Java樣式顯示窗體*/ JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); /*實例化當前窗體類*/ MyFrmfrm=newMyFrm(); frm.setSize(200,200); frm.setVisible(true); }}2、常用布局1)、流布局：FlowLayout從左到右，自上而下方式在容器中排列，控件的大小不會隨容器大小變化.容器.setLayout(newFlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));2)、網(wǎng)格布局：GridLayout按照指定行數(shù)與列數(shù)，將容器分成大小相等的單元格每個單元格放置一個控件.不能將控件放在指定單元格容器.setLayout(newGridLayout(3,4,10,15));3)、邊界布局:BorderLayout將容器分成東、西、南、北、中五個局部容器.setLayout(newBorderLayout());窗口的內(nèi)容面板默認布局就是邊界布局。容器.add(控件,BorderLayout.NORTH);4)、混合布局：使用JPanel,將多個布局組合在一起使用JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane();for(inti=0;i<btn.length;i++)btn[i]=newJButton("btn"+i); JPaneljp1=newJPanel();//默認布局為FlowLayout jp1.setLayout(newGridLayout(2,2)); for(inti=0;i<4;i++) jp1.add(btn[i]); JPaneljp2=newJPanel();//默認布局為FlowLayoutfor(inti=0;i<4;i++) jp2.add(btn[i+4]);5)、絕對布局null:以坐標定位容器.setLayout(null);每個控件在放置在容器之前，必須設(shè)置其邊界setBounds(x,y,width,height);btn.setBounds(10,100,30,60);3、Swing例如Grid布局importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;importjavax.swing.*;publicclassGridLayoutDemoextendsJFrame{privateJButtonbuttons[];privateStringnames[]={"one","two","three","four","five","six"};publicGridLayoutDemo(){super("GridLayoutDemo");JPanelcontainer=(JPanel)this.getContentPane();container.setLayout(newGridLayout(3,2));//createandaddbuttonsbuttons=newJButton[names.length];for(intcount=0;count<names.length;count++){buttons[count]=newJButton(names[count]);container.add(buttons[count]);}this.setSize(300,150);this.setVisible(true);}publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){GridLayoutDemoapplication=newGridLayoutDemo();}}//endclassGridLayoutDemo4、常用事件根本組成：1)、事件源EventSource:能夠觸發(fā)事件控件如：JButton，JTextField,JFrame,JComboBox,....2)、事件Event:ActionEvent,KeyEvent,WindowEvent,TextEvent,...3)、事件偵聽者Listener(接口)ActionListener,WindowListener,...classAimplementsActionListener{publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){....}}Alis=newA();4)、事件處理函數(shù)publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){....}事件流程：事件源觸發(fā)事件-->事件源偵聽者接收事件-->自動調(diào)用相應事件處理函數(shù).編程模板：classMyFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{JButtonbtn=newJButton("OK");...publicMyFrm(){...btn.addActionListner(this);...}publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){....if(e.getSource()==btn){}}}Java事件處理例如：importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassMyFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{ /*界面中需要的組件作為屬性聲明*/ JTextFieldtxt=newJTextField(10); JLabellbl=newJLabel("姓名"); JButtonbtn=newJButton("查詢"); /*組件在構(gòu)造函數(shù)中放置在窗體JFrame上*/ publicMyFrm(){ /*獲取JFrame的內(nèi)容面板ContentPane,控件放在該面板上*/ JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); /*設(shè)置面板布局Layout,如何放?*/ jp.setLayout(newFlowLayout()); jp.add(lbl); jp.add(txt); jp.add(btn);/*為事件源加一個偵聽者*/ btn.addActionListener(this); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }/*事件處理方法*/publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){ JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"btn點擊");} publicstaticvoidmain(Stringarg[]){ JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);//設(shè)置純Java樣式 MyFrmfrm=newMyFrm(); frm.setSize(400,300); frm.setVisible(true); }}注意：在做以下題目前仔細閱讀第一個例如，徹底弄懂Swing界面設(shè)計§5.4實踐編程1、調(diào)試運行Swing例如2、調(diào)試運行Java事件處理例如依據(jù)題1、2，編寫如下界面當用戶點擊〞ClickMe〞按鈕，顯示消息對話框,消息為〞ClickMe按鈕被點擊〞。packageEx5_3;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassMyFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{ JButtonbtn=newJButton("ClickMe");publicMyFrm(){ JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); jp.setLayout(newFlowLayout()); jp.add(btn);btn.addActionListener(this);this.setTitle("ActionEvent");this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){ JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"ClickMe按鈕被點擊"); }}packageEx5_3;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;import.*;publicclassTest{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ MyFrmfrm=newMyFrm(); frm.setSize(400,300); frm.setVisible(true); }}4、編寫一個程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)用戶登錄界面當用戶登錄按下確定鍵，判斷用戶是否錄入了用戶名與密碼，如果沒有按或用戶名不為admin密碼不為1234都需要提示錯誤。packageEx5_4;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassMyFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{ JLabellbl_name=newJLabel("用戶名"); JLabellbl_pwd=newJLabel("密碼"); JTextFieldtxt_name=newJTextField(); JPasswordFieldtxt_pwd=newJPasswordField(); JButtonbtn_OK=newJButton("登陸"); JButtonbtn_Cancel=newJButton("取消");publicMyFrm(){ JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); jp.setLayout(newGridLayout(3,2,10,5)); jp.add(lbl_name);jp.add(txt_name); jp.add(lbl_pwd);jp.add(txt_pwd); jp.add(btn_OK);jp.add(btn_Cancel);this.setTitle("登陸");this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);btn_OK.addActionListener(this); }publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){ Stringuname=txt_name.getText(); Stringupwd=txt_pwd.getText();if(uname.equals("")||upwd.equals("")) JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"用戶名或密碼未輸入!");elseif(!uname.equals("admin")||!upwd.equals("1234")) JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"用戶名或密碼輸入錯誤!");elseJOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"用戶名或密碼輸入正確!"); }}packageEx5_4;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;import.*;publicclassTest{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); MyFrmfrm=newMyFrm(); frm.setSize(400,200); frm.setVisible(true); }}5、利用適宜的布局和Swing控件完成下題按照界面使用相應控件與適宜的布局完成下題，要求按生成隨機數(shù)按紐產(chǎn)生三個隨機整數(shù)0到100之間，按計算平均數(shù)按紐計算平均值，如下圖，初始界面參考：intx=(Math.random()*41+60);產(chǎn)生隨機數(shù)txt1.setText(x+〞〞);將隨機數(shù)賦予文本框txt1packageEx5_5;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassMyFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{ JLabellbl=newJLabel("隨機數(shù)字一"); JLabellb2=newJLabel("隨機數(shù)字二"); JLabellb3=newJLabel("隨機數(shù)字三"); JLabellb4=newJLabel("三數(shù)平均值"); JTextFieldtxt1=newJTextField(); JTextFieldtxt2=newJTextField(); JTextFieldtxt3=newJTextField(); JTextFieldtxt4=newJTextField(); JButtonbtn_start=newJButton("生成隨機數(shù)"); JButtonbtn_average=newJButton("計算平均數(shù)");publicMyFrm(){ JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); jp.setLayout(newGridLayout(5,2,10,5)); jp.add(lbl);jp.add(txt1); jp.add(lb2);jp.add(txt2); jp.add(lb3);jp.add(txt3); jp.add(lb4);jp.add(txt4); jp.add(btn_start);jp.add(btn_average);this.setTitle("三個隨機數(shù)字");this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);btn_start.addActionListener(this);btn_average.addActionListener(this); }publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){if(e.getSource()==btn_start){intx=(int)(Math.random()*41+60);txt1.setText(x+"");inty=(int)(Math.random()*41+60);txt2.setText(y+"");intz=(int)(Math.random()*41+60);txt3.setText(z+""); }if(e.getSource()==btn_average){doublex=Double.valueOf(txt1.getText());doubley=Double.valueOf(txt2.getText());doublez=Double.valueOf(txt3.getText());doublet=(x+y+z)/3;txt4.setText(t+""); } }}packageEx5_5;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;import.*;publicclassTest{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ MyFrmfrm=newMyFrm(); frm.setSize(400,200); frm.setVisible(true); }}6．編寫程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)如下界面，實現(xiàn)事件如果按下座位i就在控制臺中顯示“座位i被選中〞例如按下“座位0“，那么輸出座位0被選中〞packageEx5_6;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassMyFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{ JButtonbtn0=newJButton("講臺"); JButtonbtn1=newJButton("座位1"); JButtonbtn2=newJButton("座位2"); JButtonbtn3=newJButton("座位3"); JButtonbtn4=newJButton("座位4"); JButtonbtn5=newJButton("座位5"); JButtonbtn6=newJButton("座位6");publicMyFrm(){ JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); JPaneljp1=newJPanel(); jp1.setLayout(newGridLayout()); jp1.add(btn0); jp.add(jp1,BorderLayout.NORTH); JPaneljp2=newJPanel(); jp2.setLayout(newGridLayout(2,3)); jp2.add(btn1);jp2.add(btn2);jp2.add(btn3); jp2.add(btn4);jp2.add(btn5);jp2.add(btn6); jp.add(jp2,BorderLayout.CENTER);this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);btn1.addActionListener(this);btn2.addActionListener(this);btn3.addActionListener(this);btn4.addActionListener(this);btn5.addActionListener(this);btn6.addActionListener(this); }publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){if(e.getSource()==btn1) System.out.println("座位1被選中");if(e.getSource()==btn2) System.out.println("座位2被選中");if(e.getSource()==btn3) System.out.println("座位3被選中");if(e.getSource()==btn4) System.out.println("座位4被選中");if(e.getSource()==btn5) System.out.println("座位5被選中");if(e.getSource()==btn6) System.out.println("座位6被選中"); }publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ MyFrmfrm=newMyFrm(); frm.setSize(1000,500); frm.setVisible(true); }}7完成以下窗體制作參考：這一題考慮使用組合布局，將上面控件放置在JPanel上，再將JPanel放到內(nèi)容面板的中間。下面四個按鈕先放在某JPanel再放置在內(nèi)容面板的South局部packageEx5_7;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassLoginFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{ JLabellb_name=newJLabel("姓名："); JLabellb_sex=newJLabel("性別："); JLabellb_profession=newJLabel("身份："); JLabellb_unit=newJLabel("單位："); JLabellb_IDnum=newJLabel("證件號碼："); JLabellb_rDate=newJLabel("注冊日期：");JLabellb_eDate=newJLabel("有效日期："); JTextFieldtxt_name=newJTextField();JComboBoxcmb_sex=newJComboBox();JComboBoxcmb_profession=newJComboBox();JComboBoxcmb_unit=newJComboBox(); JTextFieldtxt_IDnum=newJTextField(); JTextFieldtxt_rDate=newJTextField(); JTextFieldtxt_eDate=newJTextField(); JButtonbtn_ADD=newJButton("添加"); JButtonbtn_DEL=newJButton("刪除"); JButtonbtn_BACK=newJButton("撤銷"); JButtonbtn_ESC=newJButton("退出");publicLoginFrm(){ JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); JPaneljp1=newJPanel(); jp1.setLayout(newGridLayout(7,2,5,10)); jp1.add(lb_name);jp1.add(txt_name); jp1.add(lb_sex);jp1.add(cmb_sex);cmb_sex.addItem("男");cmb_sex.addItem("女"); jp1.add(lb_profession);jp1.add(cmb_profession);cmb_profession.addItem("學生");cmb_profession.addItem("教師");cmb_profession.addItem("職工");cmb_profession.setEditable(true); jp1.add(lb_unit);jp1.add(cmb_unit);cmb_unit.addItem("計算機系");cmb_unit.addItem("工商管理系");cmb_unit.setEditable(true);cmb_profession.setEditable(true); jp1.add(lb_IDnum);jp1.add(txt_IDnum); jp1.add(lb_rDate);jp1.add(txt_rDate); jp1.add(lb_eDate);jp1.add(txt_eDate); jp.add(jp1,BorderLayout.CENTER); JPaneljp2=newJPanel(); jp2.setLayout(newGridLayout(1,4)); jp2.add(btn_ADD);jp2.add(btn_DEL);jp2.add(btn_BACK);jp2.add(btn_ESC); jp.add(jp2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);this.setTitle("圖書證辦理");btn_ADD.addActionListener(this);btn_DEL.addActionListener(this);btn_BACK.addActionListener(this);btn_ESC.addActionListener(this); }publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){ }publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); LoginFrmfrm=newLoginFrm(); frm.setSize(500,400); frm.setVisible(true); }}8、完成以下窗體制作〔使用null布局〕packageEx5_8;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclassLoginFrmextendsJFrameimplementsActionListener{ JLabellb_title=newJLabel("學生注冊查詢"); JLabellb_name=newJLabel("姓名"); JLabellb_snum=newJLabel("學號"); JLabellb_unit=newJLabel("系別"); JLabellb_major=newJLabel("專業(yè)"); JLabellb_address=newJLabel("地址"); JTextFieldtxt_name=newJTextField("jTextField1"); JTextFieldtxt_snum=newJTextField("jTextField1"); JTextFieldtxt_unit=newJTextField("jTextField1"); JTextFieldtxt_major=newJTextField("jTextField1"); JTextFieldtxt_address=newJTextField("jTextField1"); JButtonbtn_ADD=newJButton("添加"); JButtonbtn_INQ=newJButton("查詢"); JButtonbtn_BACK=newJButton("取消");publicLoginFrm(){ JPaneljp=(JPanel)this.getContentPane(); jp.setLayout(null); jp.add(lb_name);jp.add(lb_snum);jp.add(lb_address);jp.add(lb_major);jp.add(lb_title); jp.add(lb_unit);jp.add(txt_address);jp.add(txt_major);jp.add(txt_name);jp.add(txt_snum); jp.add(txt_unit);jp.add(btn_ADD);jp.add(btn_BACK);jp.add(btn_INQ);lb_title.setBounds(210,5,200,50);lb_snum.setBounds(80,80,100,20);txt_snum.setBounds(120,80,100,20);lb_name.setBounds(280,80,100,20);txt_name.setBounds(320,80,100,20);lb_unit.setBounds(80,120,100,20);txt_unit.setBounds(120,120,100,20);lb_major.setBounds(280,120,100,20);txt_major.setBounds(320,120,100,20);lb_address.setBounds(80,160,100,20);txt_address.setBounds(120,160,300,20);btn_ADD.setBounds(60,220,80,30);btn_INQ.setBounds(210,220,80,30);btn_BACK.setBounds(360,220,80,30);this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);btn_ADD.addActionListener(this);btn_INQ.addActionListener(this);btn_BACK.addActionListener(this); }publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){ }publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){ LoginFrmfrm=newLoginFrm(); frm.setSize(500,400); frm.setVisible(true); }}9、運用Swing控件完成下題packageEx5_9;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.*;importjava.awt.event.*;publicclas