《美國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作》課后習(xí)題答案Part2

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PARTTWO:PATTERNSOFESSAYDEVELOPMENT

Chapter7:IntroductiontoEssayDevelopment

QuestionsonScratchOutline(174)

Point:Moviegoingisaproblem

Support:1)Inconvenienceofgoingout;2)Temptingsnacks;3)Othermovie-goers

Chapter8:Description

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(181-183)

1. b

2. “Ihavebeensufferingceliacsymptoms…”Thisisadescriptionofthedisease;

personalinformationisnotneededanddoesn’trelatetothetopic.

3. “Mygreat-grandmothercan’tfind…”Thefactthathergreat-grandmothercan’t

findthebraceletdoesn’trelatetothepicture.

4. “…blouseismadeofheavyeggshell-coloredsatinandreflectsthelightinitsfoldsandhollows.Ithasaturned-downcollarandsmockingontheshouldersand

belowthecollar.”

sightsight

5. b. Thesmallintestineislinedwithtiny,finger-likeprojectionscalledvilli,

sight

andthevilliarecoveredwithmicrovilli,whichlookliketendrils.

touch sight sight

c. Theblouseismadeofheavyeggshell-coloredsatinandreflectsthelightin

sight

itsfoldsandhollows.

touch sight sight

d. Herbrowsarepluckedintothinlines,whichareliketwopencilstrokes

sight

addedtohighlightthosefine,luminouseyes.

6. Answerswillvary

7. b

8. “I’vealsocarefullystudied...”

9. ….intestine….symptoms/obvioussymptoms

10. Startswithabroadstatementandnarrowstothethesis

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(192-193)

1. Lou’scoffeeshopislike“afondbutdysfunctionalfamily.”(Wordingmayvary.)

2. d

3. Louisconcernedthatsheissmokingratherthaneating.

4. Bencookshisbreakfast“sidebyside”withLou.

5. Paragraph8;sight,hearing,smell

6. “Igetupatthecrackofdawn…”

7. Afteramoment...

8. c

9. Answerswillvary

10. Answerswillvary

Chapter9:Narration

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(202-204)

1. Mychurch’s“SensitivitySunday”introducedmetoafewoftheordealsdisabledpeopleconfronteveryday.

2. Thankstoanewbuildingprogram...

3. PineStreethadalotofantiquestores...

4. “ANightofViolence”“IhopemyparentsandI…”

5. a.Mypalmsreddenedandmywristandforearm…

b.Theclubthuddedloudly…

6. Victor,thebiggestofus...

7. …myviewwasblocked…;…thechurch’saisleswerenarrow...;…strainedmyneck

8. a. Copingwiththewheelchair

b. Dealingwithadditionalproblemsinthewheelchair

9. After,Suddenly,When,As,Transitionsoftime

10. Broad,generalstatementnarrowingtoathesis

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(211-213)

1. Answerswillvary.Onaverysimplelevel,thethesiscouldbestated:Vingoreturnedfromprisontofindthathiswifestilllovedhimandwantedhimback.

2. TheyoungpeoplewerecuriousaboutVingo

3. Thegirl’sfriendlinessfinallycausedVingo…

4. b

5. Answersmayvary.Twoexamples:

Vingotellshisstory“slowlyandpainfullyandwithgreathesitation.”

Vingoaskshiswifetoleaveasignal(thehandkerchief)ratherthanconfronther

directly.

6. ExamplesofVingo’sbeinghonorable:Hedoesn’texpressanyself-pityaboutbeinginjail.Heownsuptohiscrime.Heoffershiswifeherfreedom.

7. PlaceNames:FortLauderdale,NewJersey,the34thStreetTerminalinNewYork,Washington

OtherTransitions:Inthemorning,Afterawhile,Andsoon,Now

8. Butifshedidn’t...

9. Heinterviewedoneoftheyoungpeopleonthebus

10. Heendswiththestory’slasteventasexperiencedbytheyoungpeople.Vingo’s

welcomewasjoyous;themanyyellowhandkerchiefsleavenodoubtaboutthat.

Hamilldoesnottellusaboutthewelcomebecause,presumably,theyoungpeopledidnotseeVingowalkintohishouse.

Chapter10:Exemplification

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(222-224)

1. Somekidscanbe...

2. Paragraph2in“LookontheBrightSide”

3. TopasstimeasIwalk...Thesentencehasnothingtodowithpositiveand

negativetypesofbehaviorthatthewriterisexplaining.

4. Thentheydidevenmorecruelthings...Eitheraddneededdetailsorremovethe

sentence.

5. Outofnowhere,however,cameanelderlygentlemanwhostopped,kneltdownnexttothechild,andstartedmakingfunnyfaces,despitethefacthiscompanionwaswaitingforhimneartheexit.

6. ExploretheriseofNaziGermany;playatriviagame;hearthelifestoryofa

lonelystranger

7. AtlunchtimelastFriday,Then,Aspeoplestared,Finally

8. Butnopartofeverydaylife...

9. “AlteredStates”:a.Television,b.Shoppingcenters,c.Internet

10. a.Bothsummaryandrecommendationareused

b.Startswithanideathatisoppositeofonethatwilldevelop

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(231-232)

1. Therelationshipbetween… 7. Malcolmfound“aschoolfactthat

contradictedsomethinghesaid.”

2. c 8. a. When,Thenextyear

3. Someofmyideasbeganto b. too

differfromthoseofmyfather. c. although

4. puttingthebicyclechainback; 9. a

buildingthehamstercage; 10. c

usingjigsawtomakewooden

letters

5. But,Isaid,hekept...

6. Thefathergavetheson

perspectiveonwhat’s

importantinthelongterm

Chapter11:Process

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(241-242)

1. Secondsupportingparagraph;oneexampleofatopicsentence:Asecondsteptoincreasingenrollmentisthroughconcertedpublicity.

2. Partneringwithlocalcolleges’educationprograms…

3. Oneoftheproblems...

4. Inaddition,hostingoneortwomajorevents...

5. Paragraph4describesanincidentwithaplumberwholeftabathtubdirty.

6. Paragraph3describesanincidentwitha“l(fā)emon”bicycleandanincident

aboutanoverchargebyadepartmentstore.

7. Type:TimesignalsFollowed;also;Finally

8. first...next

9. Explainstheimportanceofthetopic

10. Endswithaprediction

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(250-251)

1. Thejob-interview“game”maynotbe 5. “…suchanotecouldtipthe

muchfun,but... scales…”

orHereareguidelinestohelpyou 6. Firstofall,Then,Finally

play... 7. a

2.d 8. Ontheotherhand;What

“will”earnyoupoints;But

3. Whendiscussingstrengthsand 9. b

weaknesses,phraseyouranswersina 10. Prediction

waythatrelatestowhatisrequiredby

thisjob.

4. Formen,asuitandtie;forwomen,

asuitorconservativedress

Chapter12:Causeand/orEffect

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(259-260)

1. b

2. Thesingletime...

3. Infact,my“antique”hasopenedmyeyestotheadvantagesofowninganoldcar:

economy,reliability,andfamiliarity.(Wordingofanswermayvaryslightly.)

4. “…theymakegargantuaneffortstore-createthemselvesintheHollywoodimage.Theyfollowludicrousdiets,exerciseforhourseachweek,anddrinkexpensive…”

5. Alogicalquestioniswhysomanypeoplespendmoney…

6. Savesmoneythatwouldhavebeenspentonanewcar;requiredonlythreemajorrepairsinlastseveralyears;savesmoneyoninsurance;savesmoneyongas

7. However,thefearthatcausesthegreatestdamage…

8. Therefore;Forexample,they

9. One;Lastofall

10. a

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(270-271)

1. d

2. Theproblemofangerisbecomingworseinoursociety.

3. “AccordingtoCarolTavris,authorof…”

4. Effect:Anepidemicofanger

Threecauses:Lackoftime,technology,tension

5. Ultimatecause:Technologycanbefrustrating

Proximatecause:Frustrationwithtechnologymakesusfeellikestupidlosers.

Effect:Feelinglikestupidlosersmakesusangry.

6. b

7. Introduction: Paragraphs1-5

SupportingPoint1: Paragraphs6–9

SupportingPoint2: Paragraphs10–12

SupportingPoint3: Paragraphs13

SupportingPoint4: Paragraphs14–15

SupportingPoint5: Paragraphs16–20

Conclusion: Paragraph21

8. Tobeginwith,....Technologyisalso...Tension,thethirdmajorculprit....

9. d

10. Thefirstparagraphpresentsastoryaboutapersonwithangerproblems.Thelast paragraphshowshowthatstorywassuccessfullyresolved.

Chapter13:Comparisonand/orContrast

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(283-284)

1. Paragraph3:EatingattheChaletis...

2. Once,Iforgot...

3. Myfavoritestorywas“IndianEducation”becauseitactually…

4. (Wordingofanswersmayvary)

a. Chaletisdimlylit;McDonald’sisbright.

b. WaitersattheChaletareformal;employeesatMcDonald’sarefriendly.

c. FoodisunfamiliarattheChalet;foodisfamiliaratMcDonald’s.

5. Eventheotherdiners...

6. However,inSmokeSignals,basedononeofthebook’sshortstories,“ThisIs

WhatItMeanstoSayPhoenix,Arizona,”…

7. ontheotherhand

8. mostimportant

9. a

10. b

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(292-294)

1. c

2. a

3. d

4. Shelistsaseriesofexampleswherethe“empathizing”mindsetisevident:

female-dominatedcareers,femalereadingmatter,andfemalerelationships.

5. Brainanatomy,waysofinteractingwiththeworld,waysofproblemsolving

6. Lewispresentsheressaypoint-by-point.Thefirstpointisaboutbrainanatomy,

thesecondisaboutinteractingwiththeworld,andthethirdisaboutproblemsolving.Foreachpoint,shediscusseswomenandthenmen.

7. Introduction: Paragraphs1–5

SupportingPoint1: Paragraphs6–7

SupportingPoint2: Paragraphs8–9

SupportingPoint3: Paragraphs10–11

Conclusion: Paragraph12

8. Ontheotherhand(7),Incontrast(9),But(11)

9. c

10. a

Chapter14:Definition

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(303-304)

1. Paragraph2:Footballfansjustplain...

2. Baseballfansgo...

3. Thespecialeffects...

4. TheoneswithiPodspluggedintotheir...

5. “StudentZombies”

6. Shouldtheirbelovedteam...

7. c

8. 4

9. Instead,theyvanish...

10. d

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(311-312)

1. Answerswillvary.Example:AddictiontoTVresemblesaddictiontoalcoholor

drugsinseveralways.

2. d

3. b

4. b

5. Theheroinaddict’sdamagedlife;thealcoholic’snarrowedanddehumanizedlife

6. a

7. 6

8. Finally

9. c

10. b

Chapter15:Division-Classification

QuestionsontheStudentEssays(324-325)

1. Paragraph4

2. Mallmanagershaveobviously...

3. Thefrogsareanexample...

4. Then,theywander...

5. Paragraph4

6. hearing

a. Hearingthemusicoftheantiquecarouselhousedthere,Jennybegstoride

sight

herfavoriteponywithitsshininggoldenmane.

hearing sight

b. Shouting“I’mstarving!”Fred,Jr.,dragsthefamilytowardthefoodcourt,

smell

wherehedetectstheseductiveodorofpizza.

sight touch

c. Momwalksthroughafabricstore,runningherhandoverthesoftvelvets

touch

andslipperysilks.

7. first,Then,Finally

8. Asecondkindofad...

9. d

10. a

QuestionsontheProfessionalEssay(332-333)

1. Answerswillvary.Oneexample:Variouskindsofwaitinginterrupteveryone’s

life.

2. Answerswillvary.Onepossibility:Thisisintentional;itisdoneforahumorous

effect.

3. Watched-PotWait;ForcedWait

4. “Youhaveachoice”intheForcedWait.

5. Hegivesexamp