高考英語閱讀理解五步法專項(xiàng)帶練12講義

說明文（用時(shí)：7mins）①InthenortheasternIndia,withinsightoftheIndia-Bangladeshborder,bridgesaren?tbuilt一they’regrown.Thereitisrainyandwarm,andtheareaismarkedwithmanyriversandmountainstreams.ThereaspeciesofIndianrubbertreewithaverystrongrootsystemgrowswell.②TherubbertreecalledFicuselasticaproducesaseriesofsecondaryrootsfromhigherupitstrunkandtheycancomfortablyrestonthetopofhugestonesalongtheriverbanks,oreveninthemiddleoftheriversthemselves.TheWar-KhasisandWar-Jaintias,twocloselyrelatedtribes（部落）inMeghalaya,longagonoticedthistreeandsawinitspowerfulrootsanopportunitytoeasilycrossthearealsrivers.Now，wheneverandwhereverthebridgesareinneed,they^llsimplygrowtheirbridges.③Tomakearubbertree^srootsgrowintherightdirection一say，overariver一thepeopleofsouthernMeghalayahaveusedseveraldifferentways?Insomeplaceslikearoundthe34④villageofNongriat,betelnut（檳根P）treetrunks9cutinhalfdownthemiddleandmadeemptyinside,areusedtocreateroot-guidancesystems.Thethin,tenderrootsoftherubbertreegrowstraightalongthetrunksandwhentheyreachtheothersideoftheriver,they^reallowedtotakerootinthesoil.Givenenoughtime,alivingbridgecomesintobeing.⑤Therootbridgescangrowaslongasthetreeremainshealthy.Thoughtheycantakemanyyearstobeginworking,thelengthoftimeisdependentonlocalconditionssuchasthehealthofthetreethewaythebridgeisbeinggrown,andthesoilconditions.However,oncerootbridgesgrowup,theyactuallygainstrengthovertime一strongenoughthatsomecanevensupporttheweightof50ormorepeopleatatime.1.WhyaretheremanyrootbridgesinthenortheasternIndia?A.Localpeopleareveryclever.B.Localgovernmentssupportit.C.Therearesomeriversandhills.D.Thereisaspecialkindofrubbertree.2.InNongriat,peopleusebetelnuttreetrunksto .A.maketherootbridgesstrongerB.guidetherubbertreeroots’growthC.stoprubbertreerootsgrowinginthesoilD.helpsupporttheweightontherootbridges3.Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethegrowthofarootbridge?A.Thespeedoftheriverwater.B.Thelengthoftherootbridge.C.Thehealthoftherubbertree.D.Thenumberofpeoplewalkingonthebridge.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.RootbridgesinIndia.B.Howtobuildrootbridges.C.TherootsofaspeciesofIndianrubbertree.D.Whatisimportantforthegrowthofrootbridges.【五步法做題邏輯】串聯(lián)題干1.WhyaretheremanyrootbridgesinthenortheasternIndia?2.InNongriat,peopleusebetelnuttreetrunksto .3.Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethegrowthofarootbridge?4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?五步法做題邏輯：先做主旨題或者態(tài)度題：4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.RootbridgesinIndia.（合乎主題，樹橋的應(yīng)用或者使用）B.Howtobuildrootbridges.（不涉及怎么制造或者產(chǎn)生）C.TherootsofaspeciesofIndianrubbertree.（不涉及橡膠樹的種類）D.Whatisimportantforthegrowthofrootbridges.（不涉及樹橋的生長因素）2.InNongriat,peopleusebetelnuttreetrunksto .A.maketherootbridgesstrongerB.guidetherubbertreeroots’growth(正向）C.stoprubbertreerootsgrowinginthesoil（負(fù)向）D.helpsupporttheweightontherootbridges是希望橡膠樹好還是不好，當(dāng)然是好，用來做橋，當(dāng)然是正向。B選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選3.Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethegrowthofarootbridge?A.Thespeedoftheriverwater.B.Thelengthoftherootbridge.C.Thehealthoftherubbertree.D.Thenumberofpeoplewalkingonthebridge.這里有個(gè)新的做題邏輯：多個(gè)重合選項(xiàng)優(yōu)先選擇C選項(xiàng)=A選項(xiàng)+B選項(xiàng)+C選項(xiàng)1.WhyaretheremanyrootbridgesinthenortheasternIndia?A.Localpeopleareveryclever.B.Localgovernmentssupportit.C.Therearesomeriversandhills.D.Thereisaspecialkindofrubbertree.選哪個(gè)？當(dāng)然與主題符合的選項(xiàng)所以D選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選總結(jié)：這篇文章的主旨題替換是屬于同一領(lǐng)域的概括替換，一般情況下，我們要對(duì)這種選項(xiàng)要提高警惕，如果這個(gè)概括性描述是一種生活常態(tài)或者循規(guī)蹈矩的描述，一般都是錯(cuò)誤的；相反，如果這種概括性描述出現(xiàn)原文主題詞的重現(xiàn)或者同義替換，就有可能是正確選項(xiàng)。我們必須通過常識(shí)或者邏輯對(duì)每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)排除?！倦y句解析】(第二段第一句)TherubbertreecalledFicuselasticaproducesaseriesofsecondaryrootsfromhigherupitstrunkandtheycancomfortablyrestonthetopofhugestonesalongtheriverbanks，oreveninthemiddleoftheriversthemselves.這種被稱為Ficuselastica的橡膠樹的較高的樹干上會(huì)長出很多次生根,這些次生根在沿著河岸的巨石上就能輕易地生長,它們甚至可以扎根于河流的中央。本句為并列復(fù)合句,由并列連詞and連接前后兩個(gè)分句。and前的分句中,calledFicuselastica是過去分詞短語,作后置定語,修飾rubbertree;and后的分句中,主語they指的是aseriesofsecondaryroots,連詞or連接兩個(gè)作狀語的介詞短語onthetopofhugestonesalongtheriverbanks和eveninthemiddleoftheriversthemselves。說明文：用時(shí)7mins①Starman，thedummy（仿真人）ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadsterthroughspace,hasmadehisclosestapproachevertoMars.TheelectricroadsteranditspassengerwereattachedtothetopofaFalconHeavyrocketduringtheSpaceXrocket^sfirsttestlaunchonFeb.6,2018.②Twoyearslater,theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstipweremakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.MrMcDowellaHarvardastrophysicist,foundthatStarmanpassed7.4millionkilometersfromMarsat06：25GMTonOctober7,2020.③TherecentclosestapproachbetweentheEarthandMarswasnearly56millionkilometersin2003，thoughtheplanetsareoftenhundredsofmillionsofmilesapartdependingonwheretheyareintheirorbits.NoonecanseetheFalconHeavyrocketatitscurrentdistance,butorbitsoverperiodsofafewyearsarefairlystraightforwardtopredictandMrMcDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth’sgravitybehindtolocateitsrecentmovementsexactly.④“LasttimeStarmancircledtheSun，”McDowellsaid“itcrossedMars，orbitwhiletheredplanetwasquitefaraway.ButthistimethecrossingwaslinedupwithMarswithafairlycloseapproach,thoughstillnotcloseenoughtofeelastrongtugfromMars.”⑤Atthispointintime,ifyouwereabletogolookattheroadster，itwouldprobablylookprettydifferent.Thestrongsolarradiationenvironmentbetweentheplanetswouldprobablyhavedestroyedalltheexposedorganicmaterials.⑥WithouttheEarthsatmosphericandmagnetic（磁,性的）protection,eventheplasticsandcarbon-fibermaterialswouldstarttobreakup.Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies9theroadsterwillendupwithitsaluminum（鋁）frameandhardglassparts一that’sassumingthatnoneofthemgetdestroyedinimpactswithpassingspacerocks.1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.StarmannowiscirclingaroundtheEarthinitsorbit.B.StarmanhassetoutonitssecondtriparoundtheSun.C.Starmanhastraveled7.4millionkilometersafterlaunchD.StarmanstillhasalongwaytogobeforegettingtoMars.2.HowdidMrMcDowellmanagetolocatetheFalconHeavyrocket?A.BykeepingitundervisualobservationB.BypredictingitsfutureorbitaroundtheEarthC.ByseekingprofessionalhelpfromSpaceX.D.Byanalyzingdataabouttherocket，smovement.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtuginparagraph4probablymean?A.Pull. B. Drive.C.Crash. D. Pressure.4.Whatwillhappentotheroadsterindecadesorcenturies?A.ItiscirclingaroundMarsandwillfinallycrashontoit.B.ItwillfinishitsmissionandreturntotheEarth.C.Itislikelyreducedtoatmostitsframeandglass.D.ItwillberepairedbySpaceXduringitsnextspacemission.【五步法解題邏輯】Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?HowdidMrMcDowellmanagetolocatetheFalconHeavyrocket?Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtuginparagraph4probablymean?Whatwillhappentotheroadsterindecadesorcenturies?這篇文章也是一樣的，無法用串聯(lián)題干得到主題詞記?。喝绻搭}干出現(xiàn)大量的專有名詞：人名、地名、事物名稱等，而其他細(xì)節(jié)不出現(xiàn)，我們一定要當(dāng)機(jī)立斷，回文定位;但是有個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié)，大家留一下這幾道題的出題順序跟段落順序一致的，也就是題文同序1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.StarmannowiscirclingaroundtheEarthinitsorbit.B.StarmanhassetoutonitssecondtriparoundtheSun.C.Starmanhastraveled7.4millionkilometersafterlaunchD.StarmanstillhasalongwaytogobeforegettingtoMars.①Starman，thedummy（仿真人）ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadsterthroughspace,hasmadehisclosestapproachevertoMars.TheelectricroadsteranditspassengerwereattachedtothetopofaFalconHeavyrocketduringtheSpaceXrocket^sfirsttestlaunchonFeb.6,2018.②Twoyearslater,theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstipweremakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.MrMcDowellaHarvardastrophysicist,foundthatStarmanpassed7.4millionkilometersfromMarsat06：25GMTonOctober7,2020.2.HowdidMrMcDowellmanagetolocatetheFalconHeavyrocket?A.BykeepingitundervisualobservationB.BypredictingitsfutureorbitaroundtheEarthC.ByseekingprofessionalhelpfromSpaceX.D.Byanalyzingdataabouttherocket’smovement.③TherecentclosestapproachbetweentheEarthandMarswasnearly56millionkilometersin2003，thoughtheplanetsareoftenhundredsofmillionsofmilesapartdependingonwheretheyareintheirorbits.NoonecanseetheFalconHeavyrocketatitscurrentdistance,butorbitsoverperiodsofafewyearsarefairlystraightforwardtopredictandMrMcDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth’sgravitybehindtolocateitsrecentmovementsexactly.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtuginparagraph4probablymean?A.Pull.（拉，外部，距離越來越近） B.Drive.（驅(qū)趕，外部，距離越來越遠(yuǎn)）C.Crash.（碰撞，外部，沒有距離） D. Pressure.（壓力，從外到內(nèi)，沒有距離）④“LasttimeStarmancircledtheSun，”McDowellsaid“itcrossedMars，orbitwhiletheredplanetwasquitefaraway.ButthistimethecrossingwaslinedupwithMarswithafairlycloseapproach,thoughstillnotcloseenoughtofeelastrongtugfromMars.”很明顯啊，A選項(xiàng)4.Whatwillhappentotheroadsterindecadesorcenturies?A.ItiscirclingaroundMarsandwillfinallycrashontoit.B.ItwillfinishitsmissionandreturntotheEarth.C.Itislikelyreducedtoatmostitsframeandglass.D.ItwillberepairedbySpaceXduringitsnextspacemission.⑥WithouttheEarthsatmosphericandmagnetic（磁,性的）protection,eventheplasticsandcarbon-fibermaterialswouldstarttobreakup.Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies’theroadsterwillendupwithitsaluminum（鋁）frameandhardglassparts一that’sassumingthatnoneofthemgetdestroyedinimpactswithpassingspacerocks.說明文（用時(shí)：7mins）①Imagine，oneday，gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours，andthen，afterafulldayofwork，goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere．Soundsunusual，doesn'tit？Butit'snotthatunrealistic，withthedevelopmentofChina'shigh-speedrailwaysystem．Chinahasanevengreaterhigh-speedrailwayplantoconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsia，andfinallyEasternEurope．②Chinaisplanningtoextend（延長）itsownhigh-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin10to15years，eventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore．③IfChina'splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforward，peoplecouldrushfromLondontoBeijingwithintwodays．ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina'shigh-speedrailwaystandard．Andthetrainswouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhour，almostasfastassomeairplanes．④China'sbullettrain（高速列車），theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhou，alreadyhastheWorld'sfastestaveragespeed．Itcovers1，069kilometersinaboutthreehours．⑤Ofcourse，therearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome．Therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettled，suchassafetyandmaintenance（保養(yǎng)）ofrailwaytracks．So，it'simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail．Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanonlongerrailwayconstruction．⑥Chinaprefersthattheothercountriesprovidenaturalresourcesratherthanfinancialinvestment．ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldfloodintoChinatosupportdevelopment．⑦It'llbeawin-winproject．Forothercountries，therailwaynetworkwillcertainlycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusiness，tourismandsoon，nottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountries．⑧ForChina，suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources，butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina'sfarwest．Wepredictthatinthecomingdecades，millionsofpeoplewillmovetothewesternparts，wherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused．Withhigh-speedtrains，peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewest．Andthey'lltradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries．1.China’snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause____________．A.Chinawillgetmuch-neededresourcesanddevelopitswesternregionsB.ChinaandthecountriesinvolvedwillbenefitfromtheprojectinvariouswaysC.ChinawilldevelopitsrailwaysystemandcommunicationwithothercountriesD.theforeigncountriesinvolvedwilldeveloptheirrailwaytransportation，businessandtourism2.Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis____________．A.technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystemC.financialproblemsD.maintenanceofrailwaytracks3.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’shigh-speedrailwayplan?A.CriticalB.ReservedC.DoubtfulD.Positive4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewRailwayStandardsB.BigRailwayDreamsC.High—speedBulletTrainsD.InternationalRailwayNetwork【五步法解題邏輯講解】串聯(lián)題干China’snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause____________．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis____________．Whichofthefollowi