研究生英語精讀教程上冊Unit-Seven

GoodTaste,BadTasteStephenBayleyUnitSevenSummaryCONTENTSAboutAuthorTranslationKeyWordsAboutAuther

StephenBayley:(1951-)Britishdesignconsultant,writer,exhibitionorganizerandmuseumadministrator;bornonOctober13th,1951,atCardiff.HeattendedQuarryBankSchool,Liverpool,ManchesterUniversityandLiverpoolSchoolofArchitecture,andgraduatedwithanM.A.HeworkedasLecturerinHistoryofArtattheOpenUniversityin1974-1976andtheUniversityofKentin1976-1980;directorofConranFoundationandsubsequentlytheBoilerhouseProjectandtheDesignMuseumin1980-1990;principalofEye-QLtd.(designconsultancy,nowRedwoodandBayleyLtd)in1990onwards;contributingeditorofGQin1991onwards.HelecturedthroughouttheUKandabroad.PeriodicalPublishersAssociationMagazinegrantedhimColumnistoftheYear1995,andFrancegavehimChevalierdesArtsetdesLetters.Hispublicationsinclude:InGoodShape(1979),TheAlbertMemorial(1981),ConranDirectoryofDesign(1985),Sex，DrinkandFastCars(1986),CommerceandCulture(1989),Taste(1991),GeneralKnowledge(1996),andmanycontributionstonewspapersandmagazines.Hisleisureinterestsincludetravel-relatedservices,solitarysports,books.TextSummaryThethingsweownandourpurchasingbehaviorallreflectthefavorandtaste.Andbeforetheeraofmassproduction,tasteistheconceptofeducatedelite.Butafterpeoplebecameconsumersforthefirsttime,everyonehadthechancetomakeachoice.Thenit’snotdifficulttoexercisetaste,wejustneedtomakesurewhatstorieswewanttotellaboutourpossessionsandthengetonandorchestratethem.Andtasteisanexpressionofourownsystemofvalues.Tounderstandtastemeansthatweshouldbeconvincedofourchoicesratherthanpurchasecynicaljunkblindly.Andinthefuture,wewillbeexposedtomoreandmorechoice.However,remember,tasteisnotamatterofexpense,indeed,“refinement,restraint,appropriatenessandgoodmanners〞aretheRulesofTaste.TEXTHEREDemographic-baseddatasetscouldtransformsearchmarketingROIin2023.ParagraphOneThethingsyouowntellstoriesaboutyouassurelyastheJonesesyou'rekeepingupwith.Eachpurchaserevealssomethingyourpartnerorclosestfriendmaynotrealisefromyourintimateexchanges.Everytimeyoubuysomethingyouexerciseyourtaste.1.keepupwith追上，趕上；和......保持聯(lián)系Hurryup,oryouwon’tkeepupwiththem.快點(diǎn)，否那么你就趕不上他們了。Prediction:〞The(information)highwaywillnotonlymakeiteasiertokeepupwithdistantfriends,itwillalsoenableustofindnewcompanions.〞語言：“信息高速公路將不僅會使與遙遠(yuǎn)的朋友保持聯(lián)系變得更容易，而且還能使我們找到新的朋友。〞2.reveal/ri’vi:l/vt.顯示；透露；揭露；泄露N.揭露；暴露；門側(cè)，窗側(cè)Ishouldbegladtogiveyouanyhelpifyourevealyourthoughtstome.如果你把你的想法透露給我，我愿意盡全力幫助你。Notyetbecausethatwouldrevealwhichoneswehaveseenandwhichwehavenot.對不起，現(xiàn)在還不能細(xì)說，因?yàn)檫@會暴露我們看到和沒看到的。3.realise/’rilaiz/vt.認(rèn)識到，明白；實(shí)現(xiàn)Yourealisetheyhaveneverbeenthere.你明白了他們從沒有到過那里。Inthefirsthalftheyrealisetheirbossisexploitingthemandbeingtounderstandthetheoryofsurplusvalue.在前半部，工人們認(rèn)識到他們的老板實(shí)在剝削他們，開始了剩余價值理論。4.intimate/’intimt/adj.親密的；私人的；精通的N.知己；至交；親密關(guān)系Vt.暗示；通知；宣布Whatdepthsofanguishdotheyintimate?它們暗示了痛苦的何等深度？Some

people

feel

that,

because

they

are

in

an

intimate

relationship,

they

have

the

right

to

express

themselves,

whenever,

for

whatever

reason有些人認(rèn)為，因?yàn)樗麄兊挠H密關(guān)系，所以他們有權(quán)在任何時候因任何理由進(jìn)行自我表達(dá)。The

experiences

you

have

with

someone

—

friendship

or

more

intimate

—

really

affects

how

you

see

them.你與某些人之間的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，友情或更親密的關(guān)系，也影響你如何看待他們。你所擁有的東西，正像你所追趕的社會時尚一樣，無疑能說明你的情趣。你買的每件物品都顯示出你的某種愛好，而這種愛好是你的伴侶或者最親密的朋友在你們的親密交往中也沒有覺察到的。你每次購物都在運(yùn)用你的情趣。ParagraphTwoBeforetheageofmassproduction,tasteusedtobetheprovinceofaneducatedelite.Butwhentheentirepopulationbecameconsumersforthefirsttime,tastecameoutofthesalonsandontothestreets.Suddenly,everybodyhadtheopportunitytomakeachoice.1.taste：n.味道；品味；審美vt.嘗；體驗(yàn)vi.嘗起來；有…的味道Eg：Idrankacupofteathattastedofdiesel.我喝了一杯有柴油味的茶。2.province：n.??；領(lǐng)域；職權(quán)theprovinceofaneducatedelite有教養(yǎng)的社會名流3.elite：n.〔集合名詞〕精英；精華；杰出人物；高貴者；中堅(jiān)分子4.entire：adj.全部的，整個的；全體的Eg：Thereareonly60swimmingpoolsintheentirecountry.整個國家僅有60個游泳池。5.salon：n.沙龍〔西方社會在社會名流家里定期舉行的社會聚會〕comeout：出來；出現(xiàn)；出版；出獄；發(fā)表；結(jié)果是Eg：InthisgrimlittleepisodeofrecentAmericanhistory,fewpeoplecomeoutwell.

在這一小段嚴(yán)酷的美國近代歷史中，沒幾人結(jié)果很好。形近詞：comein：進(jìn)來；到達(dá)；流行起來comeon：快點(diǎn)；開始；要求；上演；跟著來；突然產(chǎn)生comeoutof：由…產(chǎn)生，從…出來在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的時代以前，品味是屬于有教養(yǎng)的社會名流的領(lǐng)域。但是，當(dāng)全民都第一次成為消費(fèi)者之后，品味就走出沙龍來到了大街上。突然間，每個人都有了進(jìn)行選擇的時機(jī)。ParagraphThreeTherecannotobjectivelybesuchathingas“good〞or〞bod〞.ItisratherasthenovelistArnoldBennettputit:goodtastemightbebetterthanbad,butbadtasteiscertainlybetterthannotasteatall.1.objectivelyadv.Existingoutsidethemind(現(xiàn)有外的思想)客觀的Hehashadtimetocooldownandlookatwhathappenedmore

objectively他已經(jīng)冷靜了一段時間，能更加客觀地看待所發(fā)生的事情。2.ArnoldBennett〔1867-1931〕阿諾德.貝內(nèi)特anEnglishnovelist,dramatist(劇作家),andcritic(評論家)3.ItisratherasthenovelistArnoldBennettputit(這是一個插入語):goodtastemightbebetterthanbad,butbadtasteiscertainlybetterthannotasteatall.〔這是表語從句，這里

省略了that〕不可能客觀存在像高雅或庸俗這樣的東西，還有小說家阿諾德.貝內(nèi)特說得好：高雅的情趣也許比庸俗好，但庸俗的情趣肯定比根本不講情趣要強(qiáng)。ParagraphFourExercisingtasteisnotdifficult.Youdecidewhatstoriesyouwantyourpossessionstotellandthengetonandorchestratethem.Butbewarned:noteverystoryisaflatteringone.Buyanonyxashtrayandyoumightaswellrentposterspaceandtelltheworld“Iamthedupeofcynicalmanipulatorswhohavesucceededinseducingmewithflashyrubbish.〞1.OrchestrateVt.把...編成管弦樂曲；精心安排；把...協(xié)調(diào)地結(jié)合起來Vi.編管弦樂曲eg:Oncewehaveseenthatwecanchangeourownlifeandconstructourownexperience,weareabletoorchestratethingssothatweexperiencegreatermeaning.一旦我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們可以改變自己的生活并組建自己的經(jīng)歷，我們就可以精心編排，這樣我們的經(jīng)歷就會更加有意義。2.flatteringAdj.令人快樂的Givingafeelingofpleasureto3.Ashtrayn.煙灰缸eg:Igroundmycigaretteintotheashtray.我把香煙扔進(jìn)煙灰缸里。4.Postern.招貼、標(biāo)語、廣告。eg:ThispostersellsthevirtuesoftravelandtripontheThames.這份海報(bào)那么是在宣傳泰晤士河河畔旅行的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。5.Dupen.受騙的人，被人愚弄的人。eg:Evenpubstaffhaveadmittedtousingbeautifulgirlstodupetheirmalecustomers.就連酒吧工作人員也成認(rèn)他們利用漂亮女孩兒來欺騙男顧客的行為。6.cynicaladj.玩世不恭的、憤世嫉俗的。Eg:Youmightthinkshe’dbecynicalbynow.你也許會認(rèn)為她現(xiàn)在一定憤世嫉俗。7.Manipulatorn.操作者、調(diào)制器。Eg:peopletouchtheneckwhentheylie.Itisaclassicmanipulator.人們說謊時習(xí)慣摸脖子，這是一種典型的強(qiáng)迫動作。8.SeduceVt.誘惑、慫恿。Eg:ThesethingshaveIwrittenuntoyouconcerningthemthatseduceyou.我將這些話寫給你們，是指著那誘惑你們的人說的。9.flashyAdj.浮華的、華而不實(shí)。Eg:Ifhecanaffordacar,aflashyoneisbetterthanaboringone.如果他能買一輛車，華美的總比乏味的更適合他的胃口。運(yùn)用情趣并不難。你先確定你希望你所擁有的各種東西反映出何種情趣，然后再根據(jù)情況進(jìn)行安排和協(xié)調(diào)。但是，請注意：并非每一個決定或選擇都會令你感到快樂的。如果你要買一個瑪瑙煙灰缸，那還不如租一塊廣告牌向世界宣布：“我上當(dāng)了，讓那些玩世不恭的家伙騙了，他們用華而不實(shí)的玩意兒誘我上了鉤。〞ParagraphFiveSincethe18thcenturywhentastewasfirstdiscussed,peoplehavebelievedthatiswasanendowmentofanelite,handeddowntothosepoorsoulsbelowwhowantedtobetterthemselves.Thisopenedupthemarkettotastemarks-eitherthepatricianbureaucratsofVictoria,sregion,ortheteamsofslickdecoratorsoftodaywhohavemadecareersoutofintroducingnewmoneytooldfurniture.這里“handeddown...tobetterthemselves〞是一個分詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個分詞，做伴隨狀態(tài)。“below〞修飾其先行詞“souls〔靈魂〕〞。1.endowment n.anybequestorgifitthatprovidesanincomeforaninstitutionorprrson;talent捐贈，捐款；才能，天才Thatisthebenefitofattendingaprivateschoolthathasanimpressiveendowment.參加私立學(xué)校的好處是這所私立學(xué)校有豐厚的捐贈。2.patrician adj.oforlikeanoblemanoraristorcrat貴族似的3.bureaucrat n.oneofgovernment,business,orotherofficialswhoareappointedratherthanelected官僚4.region n.theperiodofruleunderakingorqueen〔君主等的〕統(tǒng)治時期1.autonomousregion自治區(qū)2.administrativeregion行政區(qū)域；行政分區(qū)3.specialadministrativeregion特別行政區(qū)FloodingislikelyinsomecoastalregionsoftheNortheastduringtheearlypartoftheweek.本周初東北部一些沿海地區(qū)可能出現(xiàn)水患。5.slick adj.havingorshowingaskillincompositionortechniquebutoflittledepthorartisticsignificance華而不實(shí)的aslickHollywoodproduction一部場面恢宏但內(nèi)容淺薄的好萊塢電影自18世紀(jì)首次討論情趣以來，人們就認(rèn)為情趣是高貴者們賞給那些希望提高修養(yǎng)的可憐的下層人的一種恩賜。這就向倡導(dǎo)時髦風(fēng)氣的人(他們或是維多利亞統(tǒng)治時期的貴族式官僚，或是今天專門從事介紹人們花錢買老式家具的一幫圓滑的“室內(nèi)裝飾家〞)翻開了市場。ParagraphSixButisthequestionoftastejustoneofhouseholdhints?No.Tasteisanexpressionofawholesystemofvalues.Andthatmeansyours.1.householdn.家庭;家庭，戶;〔集合詞〕全家人，〔包含人在內(nèi)的〕家眷，家屬，家里人;〔英〕王室adj.家喻戶曉的;家庭的，家內(nèi)的，一家的;日常的，家常的，普通的;王室的Mosthouseholdsnowownatleastonecar.2.hintn.暗示;線索，跡象;提示，本卷須知;微量vt.暗示vi.暗示，提示Atthefirsthintoftrouble,theyleft.他們一發(fā)現(xiàn)有點(diǎn)不妙的跡象就離開了。3.Expression表現(xiàn)表示表達(dá)表情態(tài)度n..表現(xiàn)，表示，表達(dá);表情，臉色，態(tài)度，腔調(diào)，聲調(diào);[數(shù)]式，符號;語句，措辭，說法Expressionsofsympathyfloodedinfromalloverthecountry.同情之意如潮水般從全國各地涌來。4.Systemofvalues社會價值準(zhǔn)那么體系但是，情趣問題只是屬于家庭的一個線索嗎？不。情趣是一整套價值觀體系的表達(dá)。這是指你自己的價值觀。ParagraphSevenToachieveanunderstandingoftastemeansthatyoushouldhaveconvictioninyourchoices.Ifyoulookatthehistoryoftasteyouwillseethatitislikeasketchofthehistoryofcivilisation:for200yearsrococo,classical,gothic,streamlinedandthenLauraAshleyhaveallinturnbeenacceptableexpressionsoftaste.Onlygifted

artistsanddesignerscanpredictthesechangesbutan