高中英語定語從句知識點及練習(xí)

Practicemakesperfect!高中英語定語從句一

定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語

1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。

2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系代詞有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,

where,

why等

關(guān)系詞在定語從句中有三大作用

1.

連接作用——連接先行詞和定語從句。

2.

替代作用——在定語從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。

3.

成分作用——在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語。

The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

二

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who,

whom,

whose,

which,

that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語。

1.

who

指人，在定語從句中作主語。

That

is

the

teacher

who

teaches

us

physics.

2.

whom

指人，在定語從句中做賓語，可省略，在口語或非正式文體中常可用who

來代替。

Li

Ming

is

just

the

boy

(whom)

I

want

to

see.

3.

which

指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。

Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.

4.

that

指人時，相當(dāng)于who

或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴?/p>

He

is

the

man

that/who

lives

next

door.

Where

is

the

man

(that/whom)

I

saw

this

morning?

、The

season

that/which

comes

after

spring

is

summer.

The

dress

(that/which)

Ann

bought

doesn’t

fit

her

very

well.

5.

whose

指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語從句中做定語。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

注意：指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：

The

house

whose

windows

are

broken

is

empty.

=The

house

the

windows

of

which

are

broken

is

empty.

Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

=Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

三

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（that,

who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面，使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。

The

school

(which/that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

=The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

This

is

the

boy

(whom/who/that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

=This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

注意：1.

含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look

for,

look

after,

take

care

of

等。

2.

介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不可用that和who，若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom指物時只可用which；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。

The

man

with

whom

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

3.

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

四

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,

where和why等。when,

where,

why都在定語從句中作狀語，在意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，分別代替表示時間、地點或原因的先行詞。

1.

when

指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：

I’ll

never

forget

the

day

when/on

which

I

first

met

you.

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where/in

which

they

live.

五

限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句

定語從句專項練習(xí)一、選擇題1.

(09全國II)

My

friend

showed

me

round

the

town,

______

was

very

kind

of

him.

A.

which

B.

that

C.

where

D.

it

2.

(09安徽卷)Many

children______

parents

are

away

working

in

big

cities，are

taken

good

care

of

in

the

village．

A．their

B．whose

C．of

them

D．with

whom

3.

(09北京卷)–What

do

you

think

of

teaching,

Bob?

–I

find

it

fun

and

challenging.

It

is

a

job

___

you

are

doing

something

serious

but

interesting.

A.

where

B.

Which

C.

When

D.

that

4.

(09福建卷)It’s

helpful

to

put

children

in

a

situation

___

they

can

see

themselves

differently.A.

that

B.

when

C.

which

D.

where

5.

(09湖南卷)I

was

born

in

New

Orleans,

Louisiana,

a

city

______

name

will

create

a

picture

of

beautiful

trees

and

green

grass

in

our

mind.

A.

which

B.

of

which

C.

that

D.

whose

6.

(09江蘇卷)Because

of

the

financial

crisis,

days

are

gone

_____

local

5-star

hotels

charged

6,000

yuan

for

one

night.

A.

if

B.

when

C.

which

D.

since

7.

(09遼寧卷)They’ve

won

their

last

three

matches,

________

I

find

a

bit

surprising

actually.

A.

that

B.

when

C.

what

D.

which

8.

(09全國I)She

brought

with

her

three

friends,

none

of

________I

had

ever

met

before.

A.

them

B.

who

C.

whom

D.

these

9.

(09全國II)

My

friend

showed

me

round

the

town,

______

was

very

kind

of

him.

A.

which

B.

that

C.

where

D.

it

10.

(09山東卷)Whenever

I

met

her,

_______

was

fairly

often,

she

greeted

me

with

a

sweet

smile.

A.

who

B.

which

C.

when

D.

that

11.

(09陜西卷)Gun

control

is

a

subject_______Americans

have

argued

for

a

long

time

.

A.

of

which

B.

with

which

C.

about

which

D.

into

which

12.

(09上海卷)Mozart’s

birthplace

and

the

house

______

he

composed

“The

Magic

Flute”

areboth

museums

now.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

there

D.

which

13.

(09四川卷)She’ll

never

forget

her

stay

there

____

she

found

her

son

who

had

gone

missing

two

years

before.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

where

D.

when

14.

(09天津卷)A

person

__

e-mail

account

is

full

won’t

be

able

to

send

or

receive

any

e-mails.

A.

who

B.

whom

C.

whose

D.

whoever

15.

(09天津卷)I

travel

to

the

Binhai

New

Area

by

light

railway

every

day,

_____

do

many

businessmen

who

live

in

downtown

Tianjin.

A.

as

B.

which

C.

when

D.

though

16.

(09浙江卷)I

have

reached

a

point

in

my

life

__I

am

supposed

to

make

decisions

of

my

own.A

which

B

where

C

how

D

why

17.

(09重慶卷)Life

is

like

a

long

race

_____we

compete

with

others

to

go

beyond

ourselves.

A.

why

B.

what

C.

that

D.

where18.(04全國卷)

The

English

play

__________

my

students

acted

at

the

New

Year’s

party

was

a

great

success.

A.

for

which

B.

at

which

C.

in

which

D.

on

which19.(03北京)

York,

__________

last

year,

is

a

nice

old

city.

A.

that

I

visited

B.

which

I

visited

C.

where

I

visited

D.

in

which

I

visited20.

(02北京)We

will

be

shown

around

the

city:

schools,

museums,

and

some

other

places,

______

other

visitors

seldom

go.

A.

what

B.

which

C.

where

D.

when二、翻譯訓(xùn)練：1.我們在醫(yī)院一直照顧take

care

of的老太太死了.

______________________________________________________________________________2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的錢包。

______________________________________________________________________________

3.孫老師寫的書是世界上最好的書。

______________________________________________________________________________

4.你喜歡女孩就是我喜歡的女孩。

______________________________________________________________________________5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。

______________________________________________________________________________6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因嗎？

______________________________________________________________________________

7.我討厭hate我住過的那個旅館hotel。______________________________________________________________________________8.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們共同生活和學(xué)習(xí)的那個秋天______________________________________________________________________________9.他愛了20年的那個女孩昨天嫁marry人了。

______________________________________________________________________________10.她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。

______________________________________________________________________________

11.The

old

lady

who

died

yesterday

left

one

million.

______________________________________________________________________________13.The

doctor

told

me

yesterday

that

there

is

nothing

that

he

could

do

for

my

father.

______________________________________________________________________________14.This

is

the

page

,where

you

can

find

the

answer.

This

is

the

page

,which

you

can

find

the

answer

on.

______________________________________________________________________________15.As

the

teacher

told

me

yesterday,

he

didn’t

pass

the

exam.

______________________________________________________________________________16.As

we

was

discussing

just

now,

it’s

easy

for

us

to

study

English.

______________________________________________________________________________17.As

my

mother

told

me

yesterday

,

my

girlfriend

didn’t

love

me

at

all.

______________________________________________________________________________18.

As

you

know,

the

money

is

very

important.

______________________________________________________________________________19.

We

are

studying

the

business

English,

which

is

very

useful

for

us

In

the

future.

______________________________________________________________________________20.Do

you

know

the

reason

why

your

dog

is

going

to

die?______________________________________________________________________________三、閱讀理解There

are

stories

about

two

U.S

.

presidents,Andrew

Jackson

and

Martin

Van

Buren,which

attempt

to

explain

the

American

English

term

OK．We

don’t

know

if

either

story

is

true,but

they

are

both

interesting.The

first

explanation

is

based

on

the

fact

that

President

Jackson

had

very

little

education．In

fact,he

had

difficulty

reading

and

writing．When

important

papers

came

to

Jackson,he

tried

to

read

them

and

then

had

his

assistants

explain

what

they

said．If

he

approved

of

a

paper．he

would

write“all

correct”on

it．The

problem

was

that

he

didn’t

know

how

to

spell．So

what

he

really

wrote

was“ol

korekt”．After

a

while，he

shorten