第22課+By+Heart+知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義 高中英語(yǔ)新概念第三冊(cè)

Lesson22Byheart熟記臺(tái)詞、Someplaysaresosuccessfulthattheyrunforyearsonend,Inmanyways,thisisunfortunateforthepooractors（whoarerequiredtogoonrepeatingthesamelinesnightafternight.定語(yǔ)從句）有些劇目十分成功，以致連續(xù)上演好幾年。這樣一來(lái)，可憐的演員們可倒霉了。因?yàn)樗麄冃枰灰惯B著一夜地重復(fù)同樣的臺(tái)詞。play(n.)話(huà)劇musical(n.)音樂(lè)劇opera(n.)歌劇so…that…如此…以致于（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）successful(adj.)成功的successfully(adv.)成功地success(n.)成功succeed(v.)成功run(v.)經(jīng)營(yíng)onend=continuously(adv.)連續(xù)不斷地eg.到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)連續(xù)不停地下了好幾天雨了。Untilnow,ithasbeenrainingforseveraldaysonend.unfortunate（adj.）=unlucky(adj.)不幸的require(v.)需要=need（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）eg.假如你需要進(jìn)一步的信息，請(qǐng)打這個(gè)電話(huà)。Ifyourequiretogetfurtherinformation,pleasetelephonethisnumber.berequired被要求（強(qiáng)迫）（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）=demandeg.我們被要求暑假讀完5本書(shū)。Wewererequiredtoread5booksinsummerholiday.goondoing=continuedoing繼續(xù)做某事2、Onewouldexpectthemtoknowtheirpartsbyheartandneverhavecausetofalter.Yetthisisnotalwaysthecase.人們以為，這些演員一定會(huì)把臺(tái)詞背得爛熟，絕不會(huì)臨場(chǎng)結(jié)巴的，但情況卻并不總是這樣。by+email/telephone/交通工具：用…方式know/learnsth.byheart背誦（用心的方式）eg.我們班同學(xué)被要求背這篇課文。Myclassmatesarerequiredtolearnthistextbyheart.3、Afamousactorinahighlysuccessfulplaywasoncecastintheroleofanaristocrat（whohadbeenimprisonedintheBastillefortwentyyears.定語(yǔ)從句）有一位名演員曾在一出極為成功的劇目中扮演一個(gè)貴族角色，這個(gè)貴族已在巴士底獄被關(guān)押了20年。high(adj./adv.)高的/地highly(adv.)高度地（抽象）anaristocrat=anobleman貴族thearistocracy貴族階層themiddleclass中產(chǎn)階層theworkingclass工人階級(jí)，勞動(dòng)階層theunderclass底層階級(jí)imprison(v.)關(guān)押=putsb.inprisonimprisonment(n.)關(guān)押（lifeimprisonment終生監(jiān)禁）prison(n.)監(jiān)獄prisoner(n.)囚犯4、Inthelastact,agaolerwouldalwayscomeontothestagewithaletter(whichhewouldhandtotheprisoner.定語(yǔ)從句)在最后一幕中，獄卒手持一封信上場(chǎng)，然后將信交給獄中那位貴族。gaoler(n.)獄警=jaoler5、Eventhoughthenoblewasexpectedtoreadtheletterateachperformance,healwaysinsistedthatitshouldbewrittenoutinfull.盡管那個(gè)貴族每場(chǎng)戲都得念一遍那封信。但他還是堅(jiān)持要求將信的全文寫(xiě)在信紙上。Eventhough盡管（引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）=Evenif=Although=Thoughperformance(n.)演出perform(v.)演出，表演=giveaperformanceinsist(v.)堅(jiān)持+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（soulddo/do）6、Onenight,thegaolerdecidedtoplayajokeonhiscolleaguetofindout（if,aftersomanyperformances,hehadmanagedtolearnthecontentsoftheletterbyheart.賓語(yǔ)從句）一天晚上，獄卒決定與他的同事開(kāi)一個(gè)玩笑，看看他反復(fù)演出這么多場(chǎng)之后，是否已將信的內(nèi)容記熟了。playajokeonsb.開(kāi)玩笑colleague同事coworker工友，同事co-operation合作classmate同學(xué)schoolmate校友deskmate同桌roommate室友workmate同事contents(n.)內(nèi)容——contain(v.)包含（全部）7、Thecurtainwentuponthefinalactoftheplayandrevealedthearistocratsittingalonebehindbarsinhisdarkcell.大幕拉開(kāi)，最后一幕戲開(kāi)演，貴族獨(dú)自一人坐在鐵窗后陰暗的牢房里。curtain=curtainmaterial窗簾布reveal(v.)揭露，揭示，泄露，透露反：conceal(v.)掩蓋，隱藏behindbars坐牢=beinprisonalone(adj./adv.)單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)個(gè)地（只能修飾人）lonely(adj.)孤獨(dú)的（修飾人）；偏僻的（修飾地點(diǎn)）8、Justthen,thegaolerappearedwiththepreciousletterinhishands.這時(shí)獄卒上場(chǎng)，手里拿著那封珍貴的信。appear(v.)出現(xiàn)，表演precious（adj.）珍貴的（感情photo/time/experience）valuable（adj.）寶貴的（物品）9、Heenteredthecellandpresentedthelettertothearistocrat.Butthecopy（hegavehim定語(yǔ)從句）hadnotbeenwrittenoutinfullasusual.Itwassimplyablanksheetofpaper.獄卒走進(jìn)牢房，將信交給貴族。但這回獄卒給貴族的信沒(méi)有像往常那樣把全文寫(xiě)全，而是一張白紙。blank(adj.)空白的，蒼白的eg.Mymindgoesblank.我的大腦一片空白。10、Thegaolerlookedoneagerly,anxioustosee（ifhisfellowactorhadatlastlearnthislines.賓語(yǔ)從句）獄卒熱切地觀察著，急于想了解他的同事是否記熟了臺(tái)詞。lookon旁觀——onlooker旁觀者11、Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.Then,squintinghiseyes,hesaid:‘Thelightisdim.Readthelettertome'.Andhepromptlyhandedthesheetofpapertothegaoler.貴族盯著紙看了幾秒鐘，然后，眼珠一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)道：“光線太暗，請(qǐng)給我讀一下這封信?！闭f(shuō)完，他一下子把信遞給獄卒。stareatsth.(v.)盯著看=fixone’seyesonsth.squint(v.)瞇著眼睛看glare(v.)瞪著看glance(v.)掃視glimpse(v.)一瞥12、Findingthathecouldnotrememberawordofthelettereither,thegaolerreplied:‘Thelightisindeeddim,sire,Imustgetmyglasses.'Withthis,hehurriedoffthestage.獄卒發(fā)現(xiàn)自己連一個(gè)字也記不住，于是便說(shuō)：“陛下，這兒光線的確太暗了，我得去眼鏡拿來(lái)?！彼贿呎f(shuō)著，一邊匆匆下臺(tái)。hurry(v.)匆忙hurriedhurried=run=dash=rush13、Muchtothearistocrat'samusement,thegaolerreturnedafewmomentslaterwithapairofglassesandtheusualcopyoftheletterwithheproceededtoreadtotheprisoner.貴族感到非常好笑的是：一會(huì)兒工夫，獄卒重新登臺(tái)，拿來(lái)一副眼鏡以及平時(shí)使用的那封信，然后為那囚犯念了起來(lái)。Toone’s+情感類(lèi)名詞：令某人…的是proceedtodosth.繼續(xù)做某事=continue