電子通信技術(shù)專用英語Basic Knowledge of Electronics-Knowing the Electronic ponents

電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語高職高專電子信息類"十三五"規(guī)劃EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology零四UnitⅣBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsLesson二一KnowingtheElectronicponents

UnitⅣNewWordslandscape ['l?ndskeip] n. 風(fēng)景,山水畫,地形,

美化terrain [t?'rein] n. 地面,地域,地帶,

軍地形,地勢substance ['s?bst?ns] n. 物質(zhì)sophisticated [s?'fistikeitid] adj. 復(fù)雜地radar ['reida:] n. 雷達(dá)NewWordssonar ['s?unɑ:] n. 聲吶target ['tɑ:ɡit] n. 對象,目地reflect [ri'flekt] v. 反射（光,熱,聲或影像）Emanate ['em?neit] vi. 發(fā)出,散發(fā),放射diverse [dai'v?:s] adj. 多種多樣地thermal ['θ?:ml] adj. 熱地,保熱地,溫?zé)岬豠rray [?'rei] n. 隊(duì)列,陣列NewWordsintensity [in'tens?ti] n. 強(qiáng)烈,強(qiáng)度reconstitute [,ri:'k?nstitju:t] vt. 再組成,再構(gòu)成acquisition [,?kwi'zi?n] n. 獲得,取得,獲得物,

無線探測capitalize ['k?pit?laiz] vi. 利用mechanism ['mek?niz?m] n. 方法,途徑,程序,機(jī)制,

結(jié)構(gòu)PhrasesandExpressionsrangefrom…to… （范圍）從……到……refertoas 被稱為emanatefrom 發(fā)出,放射spatialdistribution 空間分布earth-orbitingsatellites 地球軌道衛(wèi)星image-oriented 圖像遙感PhrasesandExpressionsresultfrom 產(chǎn)生于……,由……引起anarrayof 一排,一群,一批sendout 發(fā)送,發(fā)出Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataaboutobjectsorlandscapefeatureswithoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.

Mostremotesensingisperformedfromaircraftorsatellitesusinginstruments,whichmeasureelectromagicradiation

(EMR)thatisreflectedoremittedfromtheterrain.Inotherwords,RemoteSensingisthedetectionandmeasurementofelectromagicenergyemanatingfromdistantobjectsmadeofvariousmaterials.Thisisdonesothatwecanidentifyandcategorizetheseobjectsbyclassortype,substance,andspatialdistribution.Lesson二一RemoteSensingChineseTranslationofTexts遙感是不與物體直接接觸而收集物體或地形特征地有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)地過程。大多數(shù)遙感通過飛機(jī)或衛(wèi)星完成,在這個(gè)過程,使用儀器對從地面發(fā)射或反射地電磁輻射（EMR）行測量。換句話說,遙感是檢測與測量遠(yuǎn)處各種材料地物體所放射地電磁能量。這樣做,是為了能夠通過類型,物質(zhì)與空間分布對物體行識別與分類。第二一課遙感技術(shù)ChineseTranslationofTextsRemotesensingdevicescanbedifferentiatedintermsofwhethertheyareactiveorpassive.Activesystems,suchasradarandsonar,beamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.Passivesystems,includingthephotographiccamera,detectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.Today,remotesensors,excludingsonardevices,aretypicallycarriedonaircraftandearth-orbitingspacecraft.ChineseTranslationofTexts遙感裝置可分為有源與無源地。有源系統(tǒng),如雷達(dá)與聲納,對目地發(fā)射為產(chǎn)生能量,然后記錄反射地分量。無源系統(tǒng),包括照相機(jī),只檢測由對象自然反射地能量,如反射地太陽光或熱紅外輻射。今天,遙感裝置,包括聲納設(shè)備,通常是由飛機(jī)與地球軌道航天器攜帶。ChineseTranslationofTextsTopletetheremotesensingprocess,thedatacapturedandrecordedbyremotesensingsystemsmustbeanalyzedbyinterpretiveandmeasurementtechniquesinordertoprovideusefulinformationaboutthesubjectsofinvestigation.Thesetechniquesarediverse,rangingfromtraditionalmethodsofvisualinterpretationtomethodsusingsophisticatedputerprocessing.Accordingly,thetwomajorponentsofremotesensingaredatacaptureanddataanalysis.ChineseTranslationofTexts為了完成遙感過程,需要采用編譯與測量技術(shù)對由遙感系統(tǒng)捕獲與記錄地?cái)?shù)據(jù)行分析以獲得關(guān)于研究對象地有用信息。這些技術(shù)是多種多樣地,從傳統(tǒng)地視覺判斷地方法到復(fù)雜地計(jì)算機(jī)處理。因此,遙感地兩個(gè)主要組成部分就是數(shù)據(jù)采集與數(shù)據(jù)分析。ChineseTranslationofTextsThustodaywefindtherearetwomajorbranchesofremotesensing.Thebranchfirstmentionedabovewerefertoas"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.Thesecondbranchisreferredtoas"numerical-oriented"becauseitresultsdirectlyfromthedevelopmentoftheputerandbecauseitemphasizesthequantitativeaspectsofthedata,treatingthedataabstractlyasacollectionofmeasurement.Inthiscaseanimageisnotthoughtofasdatabutratherasaconvenientmechanismforviewingthedata.ChineseTranslationofTexts現(xiàn)今遙感技術(shù)有兩個(gè)主要地分支。我們把前面首先提到地技術(shù)稱為圖像遙感,因?yàn)樗脠D像方面地?cái)?shù)據(jù),采用很大程度上依賴于圖像地生成地分析方法。第二個(gè)分支稱為數(shù)字遙感,因?yàn)樗靡嬗谟?jì)算機(jī)地發(fā)展并強(qiáng)調(diào)地?cái)?shù)據(jù)地?cái)?shù)量,將測量數(shù)據(jù)抽象成一個(gè)集合。在此情況下,我們并不把圖像看作具體地?cái)?shù)據(jù)來對待,而是把它作為一種便于觀察數(shù)據(jù)地途徑。ChineseTranslationofTexts今天,我們正通過地球軌道衛(wèi)星上獲得地面觀察資料,因?yàn)閺男l(wèi)星地高度上能獲得寬廣地視野,衛(wèi)星推動(dòng)傳感器運(yùn)行地速度快,所使用地譜帶數(shù)目多,產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)量非常大。ChineseTranslationofTextsSatelliteremotesensingmaybedonetwoways.Usingpassivesensorsystems-Containsanarrayofsmalldetectorsorsensorsthatcandetectelectro-magicradiationsemittedfromtheearth'ssurfaceUsingactivesensorsystems-Thesystemsendsoutelectromagicradiationtowardstargetobject(s)andmeasurestheintensityofthereturnsignal.Datacollectedbythesatellitesarethentransmittedtogroundstationswhereinimagesofearth'ssurfacearereconstitutedtoobtaintherequiredinformation.ChineseTranslationofTexts衛(wèi)星遙感可以通過兩種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)。使用無源傳感系統(tǒng):包括一排小型探測器或傳感器陣列,可以檢測從地球表面發(fā)射地電磁輻射。使用有源傳感系統(tǒng):系統(tǒng)向一個(gè)或多個(gè)目地對象發(fā)出電磁輻射并測量回波信號地強(qiáng)度。由衛(wèi)星收集地?cái)?shù)據(jù)然后傳輸?shù)降孛嬲?在那里,地球表面地圖像將被重組建以獲取所需地信息。ChineseTranslationofTextsTakealookatfewbenefitsofSatelliteremotesensing:EnablescontinuousacquisitionofdataHelpstoreceiveup-to-dateinformation(satelliteremotesensingcanbeprogrammedtoenableregularrevisittoobjectorareaunderstudy)OfferswideregionalcoverageandgoodspectralresolutionOffersaccuratedataforinformationandanalysisChineseTranslationofTexts衛(wèi)星遙感地幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn):能夠連續(xù)地行數(shù)據(jù)采集;有助于獲得最新信息（衛(wèi)星遙感技術(shù),可以通過編程來定期對所研究地對象或區(qū)域行重新訪問）;提供廣泛地區(qū)域覆蓋與良好地光譜分辨率;提供精確地?cái)?shù)據(jù)信息與分析。

ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesMostremotesensingisperformedfromaircraftorsatellitesusinginstruments,whichmeasureElectroMagicRadiation(EMR)thatisreflectedoremittedfromtheterrain.大多數(shù)遙感由飛機(jī)或衛(wèi)星攜帶地儀器完成,這些儀器對從地面發(fā)射或反射地電磁輻射（EMR）行測量。EMR:electromagicradiation,電磁輻射。一NotesActivesystems,suchasradarandsonar,beamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.Passivesystems,includingthephotographiccamera,detectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.有源系統(tǒng),如雷達(dá)與聲吶,對目地發(fā)射為產(chǎn)生地能量,然后記錄反射地成分。無源系統(tǒng),包括照相機(jī),只檢測由對象自然反射地能量,如反射地太陽光或熱紅外輻射。activesystems:有源系統(tǒng),主動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。passivesystems:無源系統(tǒng),被動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。二NotesThesetechniquesarediverse,rangingfromtraditionalmethodsofvisualinterpretationtomethodsusingsophisticatedputerprocessing.這些技術(shù)是多種多樣地,從傳統(tǒng)地視覺判斷地方法到復(fù)雜地計(jì)算機(jī)處理。因此,遙感地兩個(gè)主要組成部分就是數(shù)據(jù)采集與數(shù)據(jù)分析。三NotesThebranchfirstmentionedabovewerefertoas"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.我們把前面首先提到地分支技術(shù)稱為"圖像遙感",因?yàn)樗脠D像方面地?cái)?shù)據(jù),采用很大程度上依賴于圖像生成地分析方法。四Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Passivesystemsbeamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.b.Activesystemsdetectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.c."Image-oriented"capitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.d."Numerical-oriented"resultsdirectlyfromthedevelopmentoftheputerandbecauseitemphasizesthequantitativeaspectsofthedata,treatingthedataabstractlyasacollectionofmeasurement.e.Usingpassivesensorsystems—thesystemsendsoutelectro-magicradiationtowardstargetobject(s)andmeasurestheintensityofthereturnsignal.Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Passivesystemsbeamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.b.Activesystemsdetectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.c."Image-oriented"capitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.d."Numerical-oriented"resultsdirectlyfromthedevelopmentoftheputerandbecauseitemphasizesthequantitativeaspectsofthedata,treatingthedataabstractlyasacollectionofmeasurement.e.Usingpassivesensorsystems—thesystemsendsoutelectro-magicradiationtowardstargetobject(s)andmeasurestheintensityofthereturnsignal.FFTTFExercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataabout withoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.b.Thebranchfirstmentionedabovewe"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesontheaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhich heavilythegenerationofanimage.c.Todayweareacquiringearthobservationaldatafromearth-orbitingsatellites,becauseofthepossiblefromsatellitealtitudes,thewithwhichthesatellitebornesensorstravel,andthe,verylargequantitiesofdataarebeingproduced.Exercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataaboutobjectsorlandscapefeatureswithoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.b.Thebranchfirstmentionedaboveweisreferredtoas"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.c.Todayweareacquiringearthobservationaldatafromearth-orbitingsatellites,becauseofthewideviewpossiblefromsatellitealtitudes,thespeedwithwhichthesatellitebornesensorstravel,andthenumberofspectralbandused,verylargequantitiesofdataarebeingproduced.Exercises三.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataaboutobjectsorlandscapefeatureswithoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.Mostremotesensingisperformedfromaircraftorsatellitesusinginstruments,whichmeasureElectroMagicRadiation(EMR)thatisreflectedoremittedfromtheterrain.Inotherwords,RemoteSen