構詞法和語義場課件-【知識精講精研】高中英語初高中銜接

WordFormationWordFormationDiscussion：Findthetypesofwordformationinthefollowingpictures.watertheplantdisagree構詞法(wordformation)合成法compounding(combiningtwoormorewords)派生法derivation

(addingaprefixorsuffix)轉化法conversion(changingthepartofspeech)縮寫abbreviation(abbreviating)前綴(prefix)后綴(suffix)合成法compounding合成法合成動詞babysitoverlook其他合成詞everyonethroughout合成名詞newspaperhaircut合成形容詞heartfeltkind-hearted轉化法conversion1.Let’stalkaboutit.2.Ithinkwe’dbetterfinishthetalknow.3.Shegavemeaglassofwater.4.Youshouldwatertheflowerstwiceaweek.5.Sheiswearingablackdress.6.Thegirlinblackisverybeautiful.7.Tomisabraveman.8.Healwaysbravesthedifficultiesinlife.轉化法動詞轉化為名詞名詞轉化為動詞形容詞轉化為名詞形容詞轉化為動詞縮略法abbreviation縮寫首字母縮寫單詞截短assoonaspossible—ASAPWorldTradeOrganization—WTOadvertisement—adlaboratory—lab派生法derivation

(addingaprefixorsuffix)前綴(prefix)后綴(suffix)前綴（prefix）1.表示否定意義的前綴

（1-10）a.純否定前綴：1，3-9

b.表示錯誤的意義:10

mistrustmis-misleadmistakec.表示“反、防、抗”的意義：2

antiwaranti-anti-pollutionanti-matterabuseincorrectdislikeillegalirregularnonstopimpatientunrealab-in-dis-il-ir-non-im-un-abnormalInexpensiveindirectDisagreedishonestillogical

illimitableIrrelativeirrationalNonpartynonsmokerImpossibleimpatientUnluckyunknown派生法derivation

Guessthemeaningunemployed unload uncover unrest unbearable

失業(yè)的

卸載

揭開

不安的，動蕩的

難以忍受的disarm disconnect disobeydisappeardishonest

解除武裝

斷開

違反消失不誠實inability incomplete inconvenient illegal non-violent

無能

不完整的

不方便的

非法的

非暴力的

nonwhite non-member nonparty nonsense

非白人的

非會員

無黨派的

無意義的話

Mislead misunderstanding misuse mis-spell mistreat

誤導

誤解

誤用

拼錯

虐待antiknock antiforeignanti-pollution

防震

排外的反污染2.表示空間位置、方向關系的前綴：（11-23,29）

insideoutsideimportexportinternetoverheadmidpointin-out-im-ex-inter-over-mid-InlandindoorOutdooroutlineImmigrateimprisonExpandExclaimInterviewinternationalOvercoatoverhearMidpositionmidnumbersupermantransportundergroundupstairsdownstairstelephonedecreasesuper-trans-under-up-down-tele-de-SupernaturalsuperpowerTransformtransplantUnderwaterunderwriteuphill

UploadDownhilldownloadTelevisiontelegraphDegradedefrost3.表示時間，序列關系的前綴：（24-28）

forecastmidnightpreviewpostwarreviewfore-mid-pre-post-re-Foretellforeseemid-autumnMid-termPrewarPrecautionpostwarpost-impressionistretell

redo4.表示比較、程度差別關系的前綴：（30、32）

5.表示共同，相等意思的前綴:31

coexistco-coauthorcooperation6.表示某種狀態(tài)，構成形容詞、副詞或動詞:33alivea-asideasleepawakeoverweightvice-presidentover-vice-overeat

over-estimatevice-chairmanvice-director7.表示“自我”：34

self-madeself-self-protectionself-taught8.表示變換詞類作用的前綴:35

enableen-encourageenrich9.表示數(shù)量關系的前綴:36-43unicyclebicycletricyclesemifinalkilometermicroscopemultimediaminibusuni-bi-tri-semi-kilo-micro-multi-mini-unicornuniformbilingualtricolourtrianglesemicirclesemi-diameterkilogramkilowattmicrocomputermicrowavemulticulturalmultitalentedminiparkminiskirtencage入籠 forehead前額 inland (在)內(nèi)陸 interaction互動outline 概括輪廓 overlook俯視忽略 overseas(在)海外 prefix前綴prehistory史前 transportation交通 underline劃出強調(diào) foreword前言telescope望遠鏡 foreknow先知 preheat預熱 prepay預付retell復述 postgraduate研究生 prehistoric史前的 rewrite重寫renew更新 oversleep睡過頭 overpraise過獎 overwork過分努力overact行為過分 underproduction生產(chǎn)不足 coexist共同生存 co-worker同僚coactions合作行動 ashamed羞愧的 ahead在前面 aside在旁邊alike相像 enslave奴役 enlarge擴大 semi-final半決賽kilowatt千瓦 semiconductor半導體 microscope顯微鏡 aside在一邊multitalented多才的 multicolored多彩的ministate小國 self-taught自學的coauthor共同執(zhí)筆者defame損壞名譽underwrite寫在…下面，承保Guessthemeaning四、根據(jù)詞綴和詞根猜出下列表達中黑體詞的意義，并寫出意義；然后查字典核對答案。

Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatone,anewresearchsuggests.Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府撥地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads.UnlikeJenny,Istronglydislikethewayyoutalktoourcleaners.四、根據(jù)詞綴和詞根猜出下列表達中黑體詞的意義，并寫出意義；然后查字典核對答案。

Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatone,anewresearchsuggests.

Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.

Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.

一項新的研究表明，一心多用的人可能最差。當你在家里四處走動時，好好看看你擁有的東西。很可能你的客廳里有一臺電視機和一臺錄像機，你的廚房里有洗衣機和微波爐。當她在年底接受評估時，她被告知要參加一個培訓課程，因為她不能說話。四、根據(jù)詞綴和詞根猜出下列表達中黑體詞的意義，并寫出意義；然后查字典核對答案。

Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.

The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府撥地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads.

UnlikeJenny,Istronglydislikethewayyoutalktoourcleaners.大學教育對個人有巨大的直接利益。大學畢業(yè)生比非大學畢業(yè)生掙得多。19世紀出現(xiàn)了政府撥地被提供給鐵路公司建造橫貫大陸的鐵路。與珍妮不同，我非常不喜歡你和我們的清潔工說話的方式。后綴（suffix）派生法derivation

1.Asian2.Russian3.English4.musician5.assistant6.employee7.singer8.engineer9.actor10.beggar11.Chinese12.hostess13.artist14.marriage15.arrival16.performance17.frequency18.reality19.possibility20.freedom21.bravery22.childhood23.building24.action25.invitation26.decision27.treatment28.kindness29.friendship30.truth31.failure32.aircraft33.factory34.comfortable35.terrible36.natural37.important38.excellent39.interesting40.interested41.selfish42.expensive43.childish44.childlike45.handsome46.cloudy47.lively48.helpful49.dangerous50.golden51.western55.useless52.thirteen53.fifty54.fourth56.modernize57.weaken58.beautify59.possibly60.upwardSuffixforn.Suffixforadj.Suffixfornum.Suffixforv.Suffixforadv.后綴（suffix）1、名詞后綴a.表示人或語言、國籍-ian,-ish,-ant,-ee,-er,-eer,-or,-ar,-ese,-ess,-istb.其他名詞后綴-age,-al,-ance,-cy,-ty,-dom,-ry,

-hood,-ing,-ion,-ation,-sion,ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ure,-craft,-ory2、形容詞后綴a.表示否定意義-lessb.其他形容詞后綴-able,-ible,-al,-ant,-ent,-ing,-ed,

-ish,-sive,-like,-some,-y,-ly,-ful,

-ous,-en,-ern,-teen,-ty,-th3、動詞后綴”使…化；使…成為”-ize,-en,-fy4、副詞后綴-ly,-ward后綴（suffix）四、uselessheavilyinventor，inventionssatisfiedbeautifywoodendecisionkindness

wonderful

introduction

successful

certainly

meaningful

gradually

slowly

amazingPracticeofwordformationAddprefixorsuffixtotherootandcreateasmanywordsaspossible.actactoractressactionactiveinactiveactivityinteractinteractionreactreactionoveractunderactactivistenactPracticeofwordformationTellthemeaningsandpartofspeechofthefollowingwordsandfillthemintheblank.1.PerhapsIcanofferafewwordsof____________________tothosewhodidn’twinanyprizethis

time.2.Don’tleta

busy

arrangement_____________

youfrommaking

some

greatchangesinthewayyoueatand

live!3.Pickyourself

up.____________

isdoingwhatyou’reafraidtodo.

4.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoods____________

shopping.5.WhyiswinningOlympicmedalsso____________.courage,discourage,discouraged,discouraging,encourage,encouraged,encouragement,

encouragingencouragementdiscourageCourageencouragesencouragingPracticeofwordformationTellthemeaningsandpartofspeechofthefollowingwordsandfillthemintheblank.courage,discourage,discouraged,discouraging,encourage,encouraged,encouragement,

encouraging6.Weshouldn’t

get

____________________________rightafterfailures.7.Unfortunately,theresultoftheeventis_____________.8.___________byhisnew-foundsuccess,Joemovedquicklythroughoutthe

room.discourageddiscouragingEncouragedIknowtherewillbeamonitor(1)_________(elect)inourclassnextweek.I’mgoingtoapply(2)_________thisposition.I’mLiHua(3)_________BeijingNo.12JuniorHighSchool.Iwanttodosomethingformyourclass,andthat’sthereason(4)_________Iapplyfortheposition.IthinkI’m(5)_________(qualify)forthepost.First,I’moutgoingand(6)_________(society).Soit’seasyforme(7)_________(get)onwellwithmyclassmatesaswellasmysuperiors,(8)_________isgoodforthejob.What’smore,I(9)_________(work)asmonitorinjuniorhighforthreeyears.(10)_____________,I’mexperiencedinarrangingclassactivities,copingwithchallengesand(11)_________(organize)students.Hopemy(12)_____________(apply)maywinyourapproval.Thankyouforyourtimeand(13)_______________(consider).AndI’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.electionforfromwhyqualifiedsociabletogetwhichworkedTherefore/Soorganizingapplicationconsiderationabsence缺席 actress女演員 admission準許入內(nèi) applicable可應用的 bloody血淋淋的 boyish 像男孩的 chemist化學家 clockwise順時針的 countless數(shù)不清的 daily每日的 decisive決定性的 depth 深度 efficiency高效率 employee雇員 endless無盡的 examinee應試人 fatherly慈父般的 forgetful健忘的 geologist地質學家 handicraft手工藝品 harden(使)硬化 hardship苦難 hopeless無望的 impressive給人印象深刻的judgment判斷 kingdom王國 length長度 liar撒謊者 lively精力滿滿的 magician魔術師 manhood成年時代 marriage婚姻 Marxism馬克思主義 modernize現(xiàn)代化 mountainous多山的 notice注意 obedience服從 observatory天氣觀測站observer觀察者 operator操作人員 opposition反對 orderly有秩序的 physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生physicist物理學家 politician政客 presence出席 priceless無價的，貴重的progressive進步的purify凈化quicken加速 reality真實 realize實現(xiàn) refusal拒絕 scholar學者 scholarly勤奮好學的servant仆人 sideways往…一側 simplify簡化 slavery奴隸制 smelly臭臭的 socialism社會主義 strength力

量 technician技師 trial試驗 troublesome麻煩的 visible可見的 warmth溫度 weaken削弱weakness缺點 width 寬度 wisdom智慧 wooden木質的 語義場SemanticField

/s??m?nt?k/

Inlinguistics(/l???ɡw?st?ks/語言學),asemantic/s??m?nt?k/

fieldisagroupofwordswithrelatedmeanings.Thewordsinasemanticfieldareusuallypartofacategory/?k?t?ɡ?ri/,suchasagricultural(/??ɡr??k?lt??r?l/)wordsorweatherwords.WhatisaSemanticField?PracticeExs1:Crossout

the

word

which

doesn’t

belong

to

the

same

semantic

fieldastheotherwordsandwritedownthewordof

each

group’sfield.e.g.PracticeCrossout

the

word

which

doesn’t

belong

to

the

same

semantic

fieldastheotherwordsandwritedownthewordof

each

group’sfield.Relativity(/?rel??t?v?ti/聯(lián)系性)e.g.Iemon（fruit,

color）Hierarchy(/?ha??rɑ?ki/層次性)e.g.creatures –animal, –fish, –bird, –reptile, –insect, –human…WhatisthefeatureofSemanticField?relatedmeaningsHowcanweclassify(分類)thewords?What’sthestandard?synonymy（/s??n?n?mi/同義關系）antonymy（/?n?t?n?m?/反義關系）

pronunciation,wordform,wordformation,partofspeech（詞性）PracticeExs2:Writeatleast3wordsthathavethesameorsimilarmeaningasthefollowingwords.1.say:_____________________________________

2.see:_____________________________________3.afraid:___________________________________4.happy:___________________________________5.cost:____________________________________shout,speak,