2000年考研英語翻譯真題精練精講

凱程考研集訓(xùn)營，為學(xué)生引路，為學(xué)員服務(wù)！第第頁2000年考研英語翻譯真題精練精講一、全真試題Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（71）Undermodernconditions，thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（72）Furthermore，itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry，andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample，theymayencourageresearchinvariousways，includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation，orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience，economicsanyindustry，Inanycase，allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.（73）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunications，peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas，whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime，thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample，（74）intheearlyinindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury，whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.（75）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors，governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.二、翻譯題解（71）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號Undermodernconditions,//thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrol//andhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.解析：（1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)帶雙賓語的簡單句：measuresof...andhencethehelpof...皆為require的賓語。（2）兩個(gè)賓語各帶有of介詞短語作定語。詞的處理：undermodernconditions在現(xiàn)代條件下varyingmeasures（程度）不同的措施centralizedcontrol中央控制，中央調(diào)控andhence因此，從而operationalresearchexperts運(yùn)行研究專家，運(yùn)籌學(xué)家技巧點(diǎn)撥：（1）代詞this作主語的指代的前面的整句話“Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity”（世界各國的政府都認(rèn)為，人民的福利主要依賴于本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和社會財(cái)富），這種情況下，可以采用概括的方法，將其譯為“這”。（2）andhencethehelpof...中hence“從而”是承接and之前的require而來的，即and連接的是兩個(gè)并列的賓語，所以翻譯的時(shí)候，需要增詞，翻譯成“從而就需要”。（3）specializedscientists初步處理為“專門的科學(xué)家，專業(yè)的科學(xué)家”，按照漢語習(xí)慣，譯為“專家”。（4）suchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts中operationalresearchexperts指的是“操作研究專家，運(yùn)行研究專家”，更好的翻譯方法是用專業(yè)術(shù)語“運(yùn)籌專家”；suchas...的內(nèi)容為舉例說明，按照漢語語序，翻譯到其所修飾的詞之前，即“諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)家等（專家）”。完整譯文：在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要程度不同的中央控制，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)家等領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膮f(xié)助。（72）Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：從屬連詞，介詞短語，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號Furthermoreitisobvious//thatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,//andthatthis//inturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.解析：（1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是itisobviousthat...,andthat...，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)的主語從句。（2）兩個(gè)that從句都是簡單的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)句。（3）this指代前面的賓語中心詞efficiency。詞的處理：furthermore再者，另外itisobviousthat顯而易見的是thestrengthofacountry'seconomy一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力isdirectlyboundupwith與……直接（密切）相關(guān)theefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率inturn反過來restsupon有賴于，取決于由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展，所有的人都不斷感到有新的需求，并不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，各國政府不得不經(jīng)常采取更進(jìn)一步的革新措施。（74）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization——withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowedwasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，從屬連詞intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEurope//theprocessofindustrializationwithallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatterns//thatfollowedwasspreadovernearlyacentury,//whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.解析：（1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是復(fù)合句theprocessofindustrialization...wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereas...連詞whereas“而”，表示對比。（2）破折號中間的短語是附加成分，修飾主語中心詞process，其中socialpatterns后面thatfollowed是一個(gè)定語從句。（3）因?yàn)槭莾蓚€(gè)對比句，所以可以根據(jù)上下文判斷：兩個(gè)句子的謂語spreadover和undergo意思相近，thesameprocess等于theprocessofindustrialization.詞的處理：industrializedcountries工業(yè)化國家theprocessofindustrialization工業(yè)化進(jìn)程，工業(yè)化過程with...thatfollowed隨……而來的，以及far-reachingchanges深刻的變革，影響深遠(yuǎn)的變化adevelopingnation一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家undergo經(jīng)歷inadecadeorso在10年左右的時(shí)間技巧點(diǎn)撥：（1）industrialized為過去分詞作定語修飾countries，表示動作已經(jīng)完成，所以最好翻譯為“已經(jīng)完成工業(yè)化的”“已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的”。（2）with的插入語部分，表示伴隨，可以直接翻譯為“跟一起，伴隨，以及”。（3）定語從句thatfollowed修飾changes，較短小，采取前置法，翻譯到changes前，即“隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變革”。（4）Wasspreadovernearlyacentry為被動語態(tài)，可采用省略“被”字，根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣搭配進(jìn)行詞義選擇的技巧，翻譯為“持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)”。（5）本句中的whereas表示前后的對比，直接翻譯為“而”即可。完整譯文：在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變革持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家在10年左右（的時(shí)間內(nèi)）就可以完成同樣的過程。（75）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements-themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.句子拆分：拆分點(diǎn)參考：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，從屬連詞Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccur//becauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—//themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.解析：（1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseof...簡單句+becauseof表示的原因狀語。整句翻譯應(yīng)該根據(jù)先原因后結(jié)果的原則，將主句放在最后。（2）becauseof后面有兩個(gè)賓語thepopulationexplosionorproblems（3）名詞problems帶有現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語arisingfrommassmigrationmovements（4）themselves指前面的名詞短語massmigrationmovements,后面的過去分詞短語是themselves的定語。詞的處理：additionalsocialstresses新的（額外的）社會壓力occur出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生populationexplosion人口猛增，人口爆炸arisingfrom由……引起，產(chǎn)生于，來自于massmigrationmovements大量人口流動migration流動，遷移modernmeansoftransport現(xiàn)代交通工具means工具，手段，途徑技巧點(diǎn)撥：（1）additional“額外的，新的，附加的”，根據(jù)語境選擇詞義，“新的”更合適，此詞在1993年73題考過。（2）problems采取增詞法將英文的復(fù)數(shù)概念表達(dá)出來，譯為“各種問題”“種種問題”。（3）分詞定語采取前置法，翻譯到其所修飾的problems之前，即“大量的人口流動所引起的各種問題”。（4）代詞themselves指代的是massmigrationmovements。