期末專題學(xué)習(xí)：不定代詞 人教版八年級(jí)英語上冊

第第頁課題專題學(xué)習(xí)：不定代詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.了解不定代詞在句中所作成分2.掌握不定代詞的用法重、難點(diǎn)1.區(qū)分不定代詞both,all,either,any,nither,none,(a)little,(a)few以及other相關(guān)系列詞的考法2.復(fù)合不定代詞多用法考點(diǎn)教學(xué)內(nèi)容一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析（一）不定代詞概述不定代詞定義不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞常見不定代詞“一些”some,any“多多少少”many,much,(a)few,(a)little兩者和多者both,all,either,any,neither,none,each,everyother系列other,others,theother,theothers,another復(fù)合不定代詞Some-類Any-類No-類Every-類其他one語法功能作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等◆作主語Bothofthemareteachers．他們兩人都是教師?！糇髻e語Iknownothingaboutthisperson．我對(duì)這個(gè)人一無所知?！糇鞅碚ZThisbookistoomuchdifficultforachild．這本書對(duì)一個(gè)小孩來說太難了?！糇鞫ㄕZThereisalittlewaterintheglass．玻璃杯里有一些水?！糇鳡钫ZIcan'tfindmybookanywhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的書。（二）不定代詞用法辨析some和any:都是“一些”的意思，都可與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用。(1)some一些，某些，某個(gè)不定代詞some可以代替名詞和形容詞，常用在肯定句中作主語(也可以在以would,may,can,could疑問詞開頭的句子做主語)、賓語、定語等。作定語時(shí)，它可以修飾可數(shù)名詞(單、復(fù)數(shù)皆可)和不可數(shù)名詞。例如:somearedoctors，somearenurses.有些人是醫(yī)生，有些人是護(hù)士。(作主語)(2)any一些，任何不定代詞any可以代替名詞和形容詞，常用在否定句或疑問句中作主語、賓語、定語等。作定語時(shí)，它可以修飾可數(shù)名詞(多為復(fù)數(shù))和不可數(shù)名詞。例如:thereisn'tanyinkinmypen.我的鋼筆沒有墨水。(作定語)不定代詞any有時(shí)也可以用在肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如:youmaycomeatanytime;i'llbehomethewholeday.你任何時(shí)候來都行，我整天都將呆在家里。不定代詞any也可以用作副詞，做狀語，表示程度。例如:isheanybettertoday?他今天好一點(diǎn)了嗎?【即學(xué)即練】Ibought________cheesebutIdidn’tbuy_________bread.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Ineed_________stamps.Therearen’t_________shopsinthispartoftown.Icanspeak________English,butIcanhardlyspeak__________Russian.Wouldyoulike_________tea?Doeshehave________brothersorsisters?CanIask__________questions?表示數(shù)量的不定代詞“多多少少”(1)many______,few_______,afew_______,用以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。(2)much______,little_______,alittle________,用以代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(3)_______和_______表示肯定意義，_______和_______表示否定意義?！炯磳W(xué)即練】A組用much或者many填空Didyoubuy________food?Therearen’t_________hotelsinthistown.Werethere__________peopleonthetrain?Paulhasn’tgot___________money.Iwasn’tveryhungry.Ididn’teat__________.6.Heeats________food,soheis__________fat.A.toomany;toomuchB.toomany;muchtooC.toomuch;muchtooD.toomuch;toomuchB組用little/alittle/few/afew填空Theyhave__________money,sothey’renotpoor.Theyhave__________money,sothey’reverypoor.Ihave_________friends,soI’mnotlonely.I’msadandI’mlonely.Ihave_________friends.Ican’tdecidenow.Ineed____________timetothinkaboutit.Thebusserviceisn’tverygoodatnightthereare____________busesafter9o’clock.3、表示兩者和多者的不定代詞數(shù)量關(guān)系含義“都”“任一”“都不”“每一”兩者botheitherneithereach多者allanynone*every(1)表示兩者:both,either,neither(2)表示三者:all,any,none,every(3)表示肯定：both,all(4)表示否定：none,neither練一練：用以上不定代詞填空。我的父母都是醫(yī)生。__________________________________街道的兩邊都種了樹。Therearetreeson______sidesofthestreet.=Therearetreeson______sideofthestreet.他有兩個(gè)兒子，都不富有。Hehastwosons.______ofthemisrich.他有三個(gè)兒子，都不富有。Hehasthreesons.______ofthemisrich.注意both...and表示“……和……兩個(gè)都”either...or“不是……就是”；“或……或”，neither...nor“既不……也不”；“……都不”BothZhangandWangaregoodstudents.

張、王都是好學(xué)生。Eitheryouorheisright.

不是你就是他對(duì)的。3)NeitherhenorIamascientist.

他和我都不是科學(xué)家?！炯磳W(xué)即練】We_____________arehappy.--Therearetworoadsinfrontofme.WhichareshouldItake?--_______________areOK./____________isOK.Sheboughttwokites.But______________ofthemcanfly.--Didyourparentsgotothecinema?--No,we____________stayedathome.--Whichonedoyouprefer?--Ithink____________ofthemaregood./Ithink________________ofthemisgood.SoIwon’ttakethem.Therearemanytreeson_____________sidesofthestreet.=Therearemanytreeson_______________sideofthestreet.__________ofthetwinshaveabike.=____________ofthetwinshasabike.Shecaneatmanycakes.___________ofthecakesareyummy.=Shecaneatmanycakes.______________ofthecakesisyummy.--Whichonedoyoulikebetweenthem?--Theyaregood._____________ofthemaremytype./___________ofthemismytype.--Whichonedoyoulikeamonythem?--Theyaregood._____________ofthemaremytype./___________ofthemismytype.4、other系列other意為：“其他的”；后要接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；anyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)：其他的任何一個(gè)……他比我們班上任何一名學(xué)生都要高。Heistallerthan______________studentsinourclass.Heistallerthan______________otherstudentinourclass.other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=others，泛指其他人或物，others后不接名詞；

some...others...一些…另一些…我班上一些學(xué)生喜歡下棋，一些喜歡畫畫，還有一些喜歡閱讀。Somestudentslikeschess,somelikepainting,while________likereading.theother表“兩者中的另一個(gè)”，一般不接名詞，省略。one...theother...一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……我有兩個(gè)哥哥。一個(gè)是醫(yī)生，另一個(gè)是工程師。Ihavetwobrothers.________isadoctor,_______________isanengineer.theothers指：“其余的（幾個(gè)，一些）”，后不接名詞。我們班上除了兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試沒通過外，其他的都通過了。Onlytwostudentsfailedintheexamination,_______________allpassed(通過)it.another指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的“另一、再一”;一般后接名詞“another+基數(shù)詞＋名詞”==“基數(shù)詞＋more+名詞”(基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,four)我不喜歡這件襯衫，請給我拿另外一件。Idon’tlikethisblouse,pleasegiveme______________one.他恢復(fù)得很好，并且多活了16年。Hehasgoodrecoveryandlives___________16years.Hehasgoodrecoveryandlives16_________years.【即學(xué)即練】Pleasegiveme__________chance.2.Ihave100books,30ofthemarenovels,20ofthemareabouthistory.____________areaboutscience.3.Inourclassroom,somestudentsarewriting,________arereading.4.Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse,__________isasinger.5.Asksome_________people.復(fù)合不定代詞的用法someAnynoeveryonesomeoneangoneNooneeveryoneBodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingwheresomewhereanywherenowhereeverywhere（1）復(fù)合不定代詞在劇中可作主語、賓語和表語等，要注意修飾成分后置。不定代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式ThereisnothingelseinthebagSomethingiswrongwithmywatch（2）some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一些”，即表示不確定的或未知的數(shù)量、數(shù)目。Some通常用于肯定句，any通常用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中Therearesomekeysinthedrawer.Hedrinkssomewaterafterhegetsouteveryday.Idon’thaveanymoney.Doyouhaveany?YoucanaskMissWhiteifyouhaveanyquestions.Some可用于表示邀請或請求的句子中，表示希望給予肯定回答Wouldyoulikesomemilk?MayIaskyousomequestions?Any用于肯定句中，表示“任何（一個(gè)）的”（3）Everyone與everyone的區(qū)別：everyone意為“每人”，“人人”，只指人，不指物，后面不能跟of短語；everyone意為“每個(gè)”，通常用來指物，也可指人，后面能跟of短語Iseveryonehere?Thebookstherearewonderful.Ihavereadeveryoneofthem（4）no和none表示“無，沒有”。No=not...a/an/any,作賓語，后跟可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；none后跟of短語在句中作主語或賓語，表示“沒有任何東西或人”Ihavenofriendshere=Idon’thaveanyfriendshereThereisnobookonthedesk=ThereisnotabookonthedeskNoneoftheshirtsiscleanNobody,noone,nothing只能單獨(dú)使用，后面不跟of短語NobodycanspeakFrench=NoneofthemcanspeakFrench（5）nothing回答what問句；nobody和noone回答who問句；none回答howmany或howmuch問句What’sintheroom?NothingWhoisintheroom?Nobody/NooneHowmanypeoplearethereintheroom?None【即學(xué)即練】Shesaid___________tomebutIdidn’tunderstandit.‘What’swrong?’‘There’s____________inmyeye.’Doyouknow____________aboutmusic?IwenttotheshopbutIdidn’tbuy___________.I’mafraidIcan’thelpyou.There’s_________Icando.Wouldyoulike______________todrink?Thisisasecret.Pleasedon’ttell______________.Thathouseisempty._________liveshere.Jackhasabadmemory.Hecan’tremember___________.（三）重點(diǎn)突破1、few/afew/little/alittle(1)后接名詞的不同。_______和_______后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，_______和_______后接不可數(shù)名詞。Eg.Thereare_______newwordsinthetext.課文中有一些新單詞。Canyouspeak_______English?你能說一點(diǎn)英語嗎？(2)表示肯定意義和否定意義的區(qū)別。_______和________表示肯定，______和_______表示否定。Eg.Ihave________friendsthere.Ioftenplaywiththem.Thereis_______meatathome.Let’sbuysome.2、部分否定及完全否定Not與不定代詞all,both,every等表示全部意義的詞連用時(shí)構(gòu)成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，則需要換用none,neither,no等。any以及any構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中為完全否定not…any=nonot…anyone/anybody=none/nobodynot…anything=nothingnot…anywhere=nowhere,Ican’tseeanythingintheroom=Icanseenothingintheroom練一練：翻譯下列句子。Allofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________Notallofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________Allofthestudentsdon’tlikethenovel.__________________________________Noneofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________3、all,both,each等用作同位語若用作主語同位語，主語可以是名詞或代詞；若用作賓語等其他成分的同位語，則賓語等成分必須是人稱代詞，而不能是名詞。Eg.Weallhavereadit.(all修飾的主語是代詞)Thevillageallhavebeendestroyed.(all修飾的主語是名詞)Theytoldusalltowaithere.(all修飾的賓語是代詞)4、one和it的區(qū)別使用(1)it指代前面的某物。Eg.Whereismypen?Ican’tfindit.(it指代前面提到的那支筆)(2)one可以指人，也可以指物。用來代替上文中提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及避免重復(fù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。Eg.Yourpenissonice.Iwanttobuyonelikethis.5、復(fù)合不定代詞的否定。1、"notevery-"表示的是部分否定，意為"并非都，不都"。例如:Noteverythingwillgowell.并非一切都會(huì)那么順利。Theteacherdidn'tcalleveryone'sname.老師并沒有點(diǎn)所有人的名。2、"notany-"和no-均表示全否定。例如:Helistened,butheardnothing.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。=Helistened,butdidn'thearanything.Youhaven'tcalledanyone/anybodyup,haveyou?你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎?=Youhavecallednoone/nobodyup,haveyou?6、noone與none_________oftheanswerswasright._________cananswermyquestion.Whoisintheclassroom?_________.HowmanyhoursdoesJimplaysoccer?_________.7、neither/either/none填空。Wetriedalotofhotelsbut_________ofthemhadanyrooms.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?__________.Idon’tmind.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?__________.I’dlikesomejuice,please.FirstIworkedinanoffice,andlaterinashop._________jobwasveryinteresting.Therearetwowaysfromheretothestation.Youcango__________way.JohnandIcouldn’tgetintothehousebecause__________ofushadakey.二、經(jīng)典例題單項(xiàng)選擇Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,___isblue.A.theotherB.othersC.otherD.another2.Hisparentsare___doctors.A.eachB.allC.bothD.noone3.Ofthethreeforeignfriends,oneisfromLondon,___twoarefromNewYork.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.theothers4.MyparentsandIare___interestedinmusic.A.BothB.allC.neitherD.no5.Lookatthosestudents.Somearecleaningthewindow,___aresweepingthefloor.A.theotherB.otherC.othersD.theothers6.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks,butyoumustn'tlenditto___.A.otherB.othersC.theothersD.theothers7.IstudyChinese,Englishandsome___subjects.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.theothers8.Dotheyoftentalktoeach___inEnglish?A.othersB.theotherC.otherD.theothers9.Wouldyoulike___milk?A.someB.anyC.littleD.afew10.Marysingsbetterthan___ofhegirlsinherclassroom.Shesingsbest.A.someB.anyC.mostD.one11.Shemade___mistakesinherexercises.A.anyB.anotherC.noD.one12.Therearefiftypupilsintheirclass.___ofthemareLeaguemembers.A.BothB.EitherC.AllD.Noone13.Thestudentshave___onSunday.A.noanyclassB.notclassC.noclassesD.noanyclass14.Thereisn't___onplayground.A.anyoneB.everyoneC.nobodyD.anypeople15.Ifyouneedarubber,I'lllend___you.A.someB.oneC.anotherD.theone16.Wehave___bookstoread.A.manyB.muchC.alotD.any17.WestudyChinese,Englishandsome___subjects.A.otherB.others