2023北京各城區(qū)高考英語一?？荚囬喿xC篇匯總

2024北京各城區(qū)高考英語一?？荚囬喿xC篇匯總2024城區(qū)高三英語一模C篇閱讀匯總

2024西城一模

C

Storeownershavebeeninventingnewtrickstogetconsumersintotheirstoresandpurchasingtheirgoods.Evenaswefindnewstrategiestoresist,neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)areemployedatmarketingagenciesacrossthecountrytobestfigureoutwhatisgoingthroughaconsumer’sbrainateachpointinthedecisionprocess.

Weconsumersoverspendduetothefactthatwehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney.Normally,theprefrontalcortex(前額皮層)controlsouremotionalreactionstothings,andkeepsusfromactingunreasonablybycalmingdownourfears.Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortexjustbydisplayingflashydealsigns,encouragingittodomathonhowmuchmoneywemightsavenowbybuyingmoreofsomethingwedon’tactuallyneedyet.

Nostalgia,thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents,isanotherstronginfluencerduringtheholidayseason,andit’sshapedbyemotion.Emotion—whethergoodorbad—enhancestheformationofmemories,engagingmorepartsofthebrain.Sohearinganephewsingingacarol,forinstance,mightreawakenmemoriesassociatedwiththatparticularsonginamuchmorepowerfulwaythanhearingthatsamenephewsinganothersong.Thesekindsofmemoriesarebroughtbackevenmoreeasilybysensoryinput.Thismightbewhyweareoftengreetedbyasensoryremindereverywherewegoinamonth.

Whereveryoupurchasegifts,therearesocialinfluencesonwhatyoubuyaswell.Theholidaysareatimewhenweareespeciallyconditionedtopaymoreforthelabelbecausewe’rebuyinggifts.Receivingabrand-namegiftsendsthemessagethat“thispersonhasspentmoreonme,soheorshemustvaluememore.”Anditmakessense.Iftwothingsseemprettymuchthesame,howdoIknowwhichtochoose?Humanshavesurvivedasasocialspecies,andwehavetorelyoneachother.Sowhenourbrainsaretryingtomakedecisions,oneoftheshortcutsistoassumethatifalotofotherpeopleprefersomething(andhighercostisoftenapredictorofthat),thentheremustbeareason.

Muchofourholidayspendingisdrivenbyunplannedpurchases.Planahead,resisttheurgetopurchaseinthemoment,makenotesforparisonshopping,andifthedealisactuallygood,thenitwillholduptoinspectionandyou’llfeelgoodaboutyourpurchases

later.Beforeyoublowyourbudgetthisseason,rememberthatyourbrainmightbefoolingyouintothatnextpurchase.

38.FromParagraph2,welearnthat.

A.theprefrontalcortexisthecalculationcenter

B.themonconsumersalwaysactunreasonably

C.thesightofflashydealsignsmayfillconsumerswithfear

D.theadvertisersmakeconsumerspaymoreforthesamething

39.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingcanworkonconsumers?

A.Creatingafestivalatmosphere.

B.Followingthecurrentfashion.

C.Preparingmorefreesamples.

D.Offeringabiggerdiscount.

40.Whydowebuybrand-namegiftsduringtheholiday?

A.Theyaremorereliable.

B.Theyareasignofsocialstatus.

C.Theymakepeoplefeelvalued.

D.Theyarefavoredbymostpeople.

41.Toavoidoverspending,theauthorsuggestswe.

A.buyinthemoment

B.reduceourbudget

C.returnunnecessaryproducts

D.makeaplaninadvance

答案：

38．C39．A40．C41．D

2024延慶一模

C

Nolongerinthepink

Coralsareebackcreatures.Astheworldfrozeandmeltedandsealevelsroseandfellover30,000years,Australia’sGreatBarrierReef,whichisroughlythesizeofItaly,diedandrevivedfivetimes.Butnow,thankstohumanactivity,coralsfacethemostplexconditiontheyhaveyethadtodealwith.

AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimatechange,ariseinglobaltemperaturesof1.5oCcouldcausecoralreefstodecline70-90%.Theplanetisabout1oChotterthaninthe19thcenturyanditsseasarebeingwarmer,stormierandmoreacidic.Thisisalreadyaffectingrelationsbetweencoralsandthesingle-celledalgae(海藻),whichgivethemtheircolor.Whenwatersbeeunusuallywarm,algaefloataway,leavingreefsaghostlywhite.This“bleaching”ishappeningfivetimesasoftenasitdidinthe1970s.Meanwhilethechangingchemistryoftheoceansmakesitharderforcoralstoformtheirstructures.

Ifcoralsgo,diversandmarinebiologistsarenottheonlypeoplewhowillmissthem.Reefstakeuponlyapercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanet’sfishdiversity.Thefish

thatreefsshelterareespeciallyvaluabletotheirpooresthumanneighbors,manyofwhomdependonthemasasourceofprotein.Roughlyaneighthoftheworld’spopulationliveswithin100kmofareef.Coralsalsoprotect150,000kmofshorelineinmorethan100countriesandterritoriesfromtheoceansbuffeting,aswellasgeneratingbillionsofdollarsintourismrevenue.

Coralsystemsmustadaptiftheyaretosurvive.Theyneedprotectionfromlocalsourcesofharm.Theireco-systemssufferfromwastefromfarms,buildingsitesandblastfishing.Governmentsneedtoimposetighterrulesontheseindustrials,suchastougherlocalbuildingcodes,andtoputmoreeffortintoenforcingrulesagainstoverfishing.

Settingupmarineprotectedareascouldalsohelpreefs.Localswhofearfortheirlivelihoodscouldbegivenworkasrangerswiththejoboflookingafterthereserves.Visitorstomarineparkscanberequiredtopayaspecialtax,likewhathasbeendoneintheCaribbean.

Manyreefsthathavebeendamagedcouldbenefitfromrestoration.Coral’sbiodiversityoffershope,becausethesamecoralwillgrowdifferentlyunderdifferentconditions.CoralsofthewesternPacific,forexample,canwithstandhighertemperaturesthanthesamespeciesintheeasternPacific,whichprovesawayforwardtoencouragecoralstogrowinnewspots.

38.Accordingtothepassage,whatmayhappentocoralswhenwatersbeewarm?

A.Turningwhite

B.Gettingpink

C.Beingactive

D.Beingcolorful

39.Accordingtothepassage,coralscan_______thechanginginthenature.

A.livewith

B.escapefrom

C.diein

D.recoveryfrom

40.AccordingtoParagraph4,thegovernmentsshould__________.

A.carryoutstricterrulesonindustriesaroundthecoast

B.callonvolunteerstolookafterthemarinereserves

C.reducethenumberofvisitorstothemarineparks

D.banpeoplefromfishinginthecoralreefareas

41.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Topresenttheimportanceofcoralreeftotheworld.

B.Tointroducethesevereeffectoncoralreefbroughtbyclimatechange.

C.Toproposegovernmentstotakeactionimmediatelytosavecoralreef.

D.Toattractmoreattentiontocoralreefprotection.

答案：38.A39.A40.A41.D

2024門頭溝一模

C

Newstudyshowsrapiddeclineininsectpopulations.AgrowingnumberoftheEarth'sinsectpopulationnowcanbeseenonlyincollectionsonexhibitions.Nobody'sseenthosefor400years.Anewreviewofover70studiesofinsectpopulationssuggeststhathumanpressuresarecausinginsectpopulationstoplummetbyasmuchasaquartereverydecade.Thelossof

speciesisinevitablyconcerningbecauseoftenwedon’tknowwhatthosespeciesaredoingorwedon’tknowwhatotherspeciesaredependingonthem.

Insectsmakeupthelargestclassofanimalsonearthandrepresentmorethanhalfofallknownlivingcreatures.Theyareincrediblydiverse,andinmanywaysmakelifeonEarthpossible.Butwhenwedecreasethenumberofspecies,we'redestroyingecosystemfunction.Whydoesthatmatter?Itisbecausethatit'secosystemsthatsupporthumans.Butthoselife-supportsystemsthatkeepusalive,evenifweliveinacity,areproducedbyhealthyecosystems.Andnoneoftheseecosystemswillrunwellwithoutinsects.Beesandbutterfliespollinate(授粉)ourfood,flowersandtrees.Theyfeedallkindsoflargeranimals,includinghumans.Alargenumberofcropsweeatandrelyonarepollinatedbyinsects,sowecan’timagineaworldwherethatpollinationprocessisnottakingplace.

Andtherearesomecasesalreadyaroundtheworldwherewearehavingtopollinatebyhand,athugecost,ahugeeconomiccost,simplybecausetheinsectsaren’ttheretodotheworkthatwewouldnormallyaskthemtodoforfree.Andinsomecases,ifyou’retalkingaboutfoodcrops,justtrytoimaginethescaleofwhattheworldwouldlooklike