考研真題核心詞匯

第一部分

詞匯記憶的訣竅

1.常用前綴：

a）表示“否定”的前綴:un-,il-,ir-,in-,im-,non-,mal-,dis-

un-:likely-unlikelysatisfactory-unsatisfactoryemployed-unemployed

il-:legal-illegalliterate-illiteratelogical-illogical

ir-:rational-irrationalresponsible-irresponsibleregular-irregular

in-:dependent-independentflexible-inflexibledefinite-indefinite

inflexiblecourage不屈不撓的勇氣aninflexiblerule硬性規(guī)定；不可變更的規(guī)則

accurate-inaccurateadequate-inadequatesufficient-insufficient

im-:patient-impatientpartial-impartialmediate-immediate

non-:religious-nonreligioussense-nonsenseastronaut-nonastronaut

mal:function-malfunctiontreat-maltreatnutrition-malnutrition

dis-:like-dislikeuse-disuseregard-disregard

b）表示“錯誤地”的前綴

mis-:leading-misleadingunderstand-misunderstandfortune-misfortune

c）表示“超過、過度”的前綴

over-：overbid出價過高overdraw透支overeslimate過高估計overload超載

overtake“拿翻"overthrow推翻

d）表示“不足、低于”：

under-:underestimate估計不足line?underline強調(diào)

e）表示“半”：

semi-:final-semifinalfinal-semiconductor

f）表示“相互”：

inter-:act-interactnational-internationalconnection-interconnection

g）表示“小”：

mini-:minibusminiskirt

h）表示“多”

multi-:multitudemultiply

2.常用后綴

a)形容詞后綴

-able/-ible:avail-availablevalue-valuableprofit-profitable

resist-resistiblesense-sensiblerely-reliable

-al:emotion-emotionalagriculture-agriculturalspirit-spiritualmargin-marginal

-tic:diplomacy-diplomaticdemocracy-democratic

-ous/-eous/-ious:fame-famousluxury-luxuriousadvantage-advantageous

-ful:use-usefulwatch-watchful

-less:hopelessfearlessregard-regardlessstain-stainless

-y:hair-hairywit-wittysun-sunnynoise-noisy

-ic/ical:hero-heroiceconomy-economicalmetal-metallicanalysis-analytic(al)

d)名詞后綴：

-ty/-ity:loyal-loyaltycruel-crueltyminor-minoritymajor-majority

-ment:manage-managementinvest-investmentinstall-installment

-tion/-sion/ation:invent-inventiondevote-devotioninteract-interaction

invade-invasionemit-emissiondivide-division

determine-determinationconfront-confrontationtransport-transportation

-or/-er:insulate-insulatorinstruct-instructoreducate-educator

contain-containercompose-composersupply-supplier

-ness:sick-sicknesseasy-easiness

-hood:child-childhoodneighbor-neighborhood

-ance/-ence:disappear-disappearanceexist-existence

-ant/-ent:apply-applicantcorrespond-correspondent

-al:arrive-arrivaldismiss-dismissalsurvive-survivalapprove-approval

3.串燒式記憶：利用詞匯形近、意近、反義、詞性不同擴大詞匯量

a）對比1己，憶：junior-seniorinferior-superiorsubordinate-supervisor

publish-public-publication-publicity

b）詞串記憶：

condemnblamereproachchargeaccuseconvictfine

suspiciousuncertainquestionableunbelievableambiguousobscureindefinite

legalconstitutionallawfullegitimate反illegalillegitimateunlawful

predecessorancestorforefather反successorinheritor

efficienteffectualsufficientcompetentcapable反inefficient

confidenttrustfulsurepositive--一形近confidential（privatesecret

eliminateexcludedeletegetridofwipeoutremovecancel

literallyactuallyreallywordbyword

literateliteracy反illiterateignorantinnocentuneducateduntaught

literaryliterature

intelligentbrilliantsmartbrightrational反ignorantinnocentidiotirrational

intellectual

intelligence-wit-information

4.紫薇斗數(shù)法記憶：利用諧音、象形、情景聯(lián)想記憶構(gòu)詞規(guī)律不清晰的單詞

意會：hesitate“他坐下吃”吃什么呢？……“猶豫啊”

headline"頭上一行字”，當然是“大標題”

portray“破盤子”潦倒的畫家端著“畫畫”

depress“往下壓”，使人“壓抑、沮喪”

deserve“得服務(wù)”是“應(yīng)該得到”的

諧音：depend音“peng”靠人家defend“踢翻”

fundamentalu找到一個饅頭"sentimental“三屜饅頭”

fashion“發(fā)式”pollute“破路”，污染造成

humblehamper“憨包”所以“謙卑”并“阻礙”別人

headquarters“腦袋磕頭”，當然是“司令部”

ignore“一個不認識”，當然“無知”

第二部分

歷年真題詞匯

98年真題詞匯

creation-^create-?creativecreativityachievefachievement

創(chuàng)造有創(chuàng)造力的創(chuàng)造力完成，達到成就，功績

fcreationismaccomplishaccomplishment

宇宙創(chuàng)造論carryout貫徹，執(zhí)行

invent發(fā)明complete完成；完全的

originate發(fā)明，起源fulfill履行，實現(xiàn)fulfillment

perform執(zhí)行，表演

technology-*-technological-*technicianacquire獲得，學到

技術(shù)科技的技師obtain獲得

technical-^technique反：abandonfailgiveupresign

技術(shù)，技巧

assert-*assertion

imagination->imagine-*imaginative斷言，聲稱

想象力想象想象的，虛構(gòu)的affirm斷言，肯定

declare斷言，宣布declaration

giant龐大的，巨大的allege宣稱，斷言

colossalenormousgigantichugeimmense辨：asset—propertybelongingsestate財富

mammothmonumentaltremendousvastassess-estimateevaluateweighup

評估，評價

capture-*captivate—captive

捕獲迷住，迷惑俘虜cement接合，粘牢

apprehendarrestimprisonseizefasten扎牢，扣緊

conquercatchgrabholdgraspreinforce加強，增援

抓住，逮住fortify使堅強

solidify團結(jié)，鞏固

fascinatecharm迷住strengthen加強，鞏固

M：release釋放intensify-*intenseintensity

強化強烈的強度

ideal理想的，完美的intensive透徹的，深入的

faultlessflawless無缺點的，無暇疵的extensive廣大的，廣闊的，廣泛的

perfect完美的

intendfintendedfintentional

fascinate-?fascination-*fascinating打算有意的有意的，故意的

迷住魅力迷人的design設(shè)計deliberate

absorbcharmattractiveattempt企圖purposeful

charmcharmingthoughtful

captivatecaptivating

alluringdeprivefdeprived

剝奪缺乏（食物，教育）的

rob(of)剝奪spoil寵壞

strip(of)eliminate消除

deny否認，拒絕反：constructestablish

fertilefinfertileimpact

肥沃富饒的貧瘠的1.bumpclashcollisioncrashshockhit

abundant豐富的barren不生育的碰撞，沖擊

fruitful多產(chǎn)的sterile不育的2.effectinfluence

productive多產(chǎn)的影響，效果

barely僅僅，剛剛，幾乎不能conflict沖突

hardlyscarcelyrarelyclashbattlecontestfightstruggle

oppose-?opposition反對

generate-*generator-*generationdisagreefdisagreement不一致

產(chǎn)生發(fā)電機一代

bringaboutirritatefirritation激怒，刺激

causeagitateannoyinciteprovoke激怒

produce反：appeasecalmcomfortrelievesoothe

辨：irrigate-*irrigation灌溉

electricity-*electrical-*electronfelectronic

電流電的電子電子的monstrous-*monster=ghost

-?electrician恐怖的妖怪

電工horrible可怕的，恐怖的

dreadful

persist—persistencefrightful

堅持，持續(xù)

continueinsistenceneglect-*negligence疏忽；忽略

goondisregardignoreomitoverlook

endure耐久，忍耐endurance

vital極其重要的；必不可少的

civilized一civilfcivilization-*uncivilizedessentialfundamentalnecessaryrequired

文明的公民的文明不文明的

民事的strengthen加強，鞏固

barbarous野蠻的intensify加強

solidify鞏固

contention-*contentious比較：lengthen,enlighten,widen

爭吵好爭吵的，有異議的

universalfuniversefuniversality

destructionfdestructfdestructive普遍的，通用的宇宙普遍性

破壞，毀滅破壞性的ordinary

min毀滅widespread

exterminate滅絕generalfgeneralize

destroy破壞普通的，一般的歸納，概括

devastate毀壞反：peculiarspecialindividualparticular

特殊的，有個性的，特別的

investment-*invest-*divest

corporate-*corporation投資剝奪

社團，法人，公司，企業(yè)，〈美＞有限公司

enterprise企業(yè)industry工業(yè)，行'也profitable-*profit-*profitability

有利可圖的收益率

mildlyfmild溫和的，輕微的，適度的speculative-*-speculate-*speculation

gentle溫柔的投機的推測，思索猜測

good-natured好脾氣的

moderatetemperate適度的，有節(jié)制的fashionffashionable

時尚流行的，時髦的

discouraging-*encourage-*'couragevogue

令人氣餒的鼓勵勇氣stylefstylish

inspire鼓舞，激勵

promote促進，提升sufficient-*insufficient

urge催促，促進fashion

adequate充分的inadequate不充分的

previousfpreviouslyample充足的

在前的，早先的enough

formerformerlyplenty豐富的

preceding

priordismiss—dismissal

1)不理會；不考慮(-as)

underlying根本的，基礎(chǔ)的2）解散，開除

fundamental基本的，基礎(chǔ)的layofffire解雇

essential基本的,必要的

basicexclude-*includefexclusivefnclusive

排除在外唯一的包括的

conclusiveinconclusive獨占的

最后的，決定性的非決定性的rejectdiscarddeclineeliminate

-?conclusively最后地拒絕拋棄拒絕排除，消除

treasuryftreasureanticipation-*anticipate

財政部，國庫財富預期

assetscollectionfortune財富，資產(chǎn)expect

treasurysecretary財政部長foresee

agriculturalsecretary農(nóng)業(yè)部長

generalsecretary總書記mathematician:

foreignsecretary外交大臣sociologistphilosopherbiologist

社會學家哲學家生物學家

disjunction->junctionenvironmentalistgeologistdemographer

分裂連接，交叉點環(huán)境保護者地理學家人口統(tǒng)計學家

downsize精簡，減小規(guī)模survey測量；檢查，調(diào)查

inspectmeasureobserveinvestigationreorganize

檢查測量觀察調(diào)查

ineptlyfinept不適當?shù)?，無能的,不稱職

revivefrevival（survive-*survival）的

使復興復興awkward難使用的，笨拙的

restoreincapable無能的

recover-*recoveryincompetent不勝任的

unfit不適當?shù)?/p>

produce->product->productionunqualified無資格的

農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)的,

-?productive-*productivitychief首席的，主要的；首領(lǐng)

多產(chǎn)的生產(chǎn)力capability/efficiencyleadingmainmajorprincipal

GDP/GNP國民生產(chǎn)總值CEOCFO

preside-*presidentfpresidencyrevenue

主持總裁任期1.customtaxdutytariff稅收

administerheadposition/tenure2.incomeearnings收入

principaltariffbarrier/nontariffbarrier

governchief關(guān)稅壁壘非關(guān)稅壁壘

statisticsfdigitalfnumericallychopout砍掉

統(tǒng)計數(shù)字的數(shù)字上地decreasereduce降低

辨：strategytacticscutdown

策略，戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)shrink收縮

diminish（使）減少,（使）變小

accelerateacceleration加速，促進dwindle縮小

hastenhurryspeedupexpedite

urgepromotestimulateblunt

反：decelerate-*decelerationretardl.dull鈍的，生硬的

減速延遲2.candidfrankoutspokenstraightforward

直言不諱的

reflect-*reflection

反映，鏡像，影象consultfconsultant-?consultation

1.mirrorimitatecopy反映，復制商議，請教顧問咨詢

2.considercontemplatedeliberatemeditateadviseadvisor

musepondernegotiate—?negotiation

深思，沉思談判，商議談判

3.express表達

辨：deflect一deflectionschism-*schismatic

（使）偏斜,（使）偏轉(zhuǎn)偏斜,偏轉(zhuǎn),偏分裂

差disagreement爭執(zhí)confrontation對峙

division分開，分割separation分離

restructure—structuredisunion分裂disconnection斷開

重組，改組secession:anti-secessionlaw反分裂法

human-?humanity-*humanitarian客觀的；目標,物體；反對,異議；主觀的

人性，仁慈人道主義者impartialfpartialopposition

mankindliberalartsphilanthropist公平的偏袒的反對，敵對

人類文科慈善家unprejudiced_*prejudiced

humannature人性，人情無偏見的有偏見的

unbiased—biased

attack進攻無偏見的有偏見的

assailraidassaultindiscriminate—discriminate(against)

攻擊，襲擊不加選擇的，不歧視的歧視

conqueroccupyoccupationcontradict-*contradiction-?contradictory

征服，戰(zhàn)勝占領(lǐng)同…矛盾反駁，矛盾矛盾的

反：defendguardprotectsafeguardretortrefutecontrary

保衛(wèi)，防衛(wèi)反駁，反擊conflicting

surrender投降disagree

collide-*collision碰撞，抵觸

concern->concerning-*concerned反：acknowledgeadmitrecognize

關(guān)于關(guān)心的，相關(guān)的承認，認同

1.involve涉及

2.troubleworryanxiety煩惱reveal—revelation揭示，啟示，表明

demonstratedisclosedisplay

assemblefassemblyexhibitexposemanifest

聚集，裝配集會divulge泄露，暴露

gathercollectbringtogether反：conceal藏匿

聚集

compile匯編authority權(quán)威；當局

accumulate->accumulation

積聚，堆積advocate提倡者，鼓吹者；提倡，鼓吹

反：dismissdispersedistributescatterspreadsupport

解散使分散分發(fā)分散傳播defend

findfaultwith挑剔,找茬elimination—eliminate排除，消除

defectdrawbackshortcoming缺陷,缺點

beparticularabout/beselectiveaboutremaining殘留的，剩余的

對…挑剔，對…精選left

academicacademydisputefdisputable-*indisputable

學院的，理論的研究院，學會，學術(shù)團爭論可討論的無可爭議的

體，學院argue-*argumentfarguable

theoreticalscholastic爭論，認為論點可論證的

理論的學術(shù)的bickerdebatequarrel

intellectual智力的爭吵爭論吵架

institute學會，學院,協(xié)會resist-*resistible->irresistible-*resistance

抵抗可抵抗的不可抵抗的阻力

objective->object->objection-*subjective

scorn輕蔑，嘲笑，satisfied

mock-*mockery嘲笑令人不滿的事物

disdain輕蔑fsatisfactory

contempt輕蔑

despiselookdownupon(on)輕蔑sympathy-?sympathize

belittle輕視同情心同情

deride-*derision嘲弄

jeer嘲弄exemplify例證，例示

ridiculefridiculous(absurd)labeling-*label貼標簽

嘲笑，奚落可笑的，荒謬的taggingtag

uncontroHed無拘束的，未受控制的justifiable-*justify-*justified

有理由的證明…是正當?shù)暮侠淼?/p>

inevitably不可避免地

certaindoomedfated肯定的，命中注定的puzzlingfpuzzle

inescapableunavoidable不可避免的令人迷惑的迷惑

avoidable可避免的

emergefemergencef

industrialindustriousemergency

工業(yè)的勤勉的，刻苦的顯現(xiàn)發(fā)生，浮現(xiàn)緊急事件

industrialized-*industrializationappear-*appearance-*disappearcrisis

工業(yè)化的工業(yè)化ariseaccident

反：submerge淹沒

deplete-*depletion耗盡，使衰竭

exhaust-exhaustioncensus人口普查

drain->drainage

fatigueffatiguedstandstill停止，停頓

useup耗盡stationary固定的

wearout消磨,疲勞

反：replacereplenishsupplyimplication牽連，含意，暗示

補充

epithet綽號，稱號enthrone立…為王，使登基

nickname

anecdote軼事，奇聞

meaningless無意義的narrativestory

episode有趣的事件

annoy使苦惱，騷擾

perplexdense-?densely->density>

confuse密集的，濃厚的密度

bewilder辨：intensity強度

compact緊湊的，緊密的

confrontation面對面，對質(zhì)compressed被壓縮的crowded

反：dilutesparse

dissatisfactionfsatisfyfsatisfactionf稀釋的稀少的，稀疏的

1.epidemicdisease瘟疫

depressfdepressionfdepressed2.annoyfannoyance折磨

壓下沮喪，蕭條沮喪的botherperplextroubledisturbworry

dejectfrustrationharass-*harassment騷擾

使沮喪挫折embarrassfembarrassment使窘迫

dishearten使…氣餒，使…沮喪obsess使困擾

反：encourageinspire->inspirationmolest-*molestation

tormentinflict折磨

migrate-*migratory-?migrationvex-*vexation使惱怒

遷移遷移的urbanization-turban

move城市化

transfer-*transferable

調(diào)任可轉(zhuǎn)移的，可轉(zhuǎn)換的growthrate出生率

emigrate-*emigrant外移interestrate利J率

immigrate-*immigrant內(nèi)移deathrate死亡率

prevailfprevalentperplexing復雜的，令人困惑的

流行，盛行普遍的，流行的confusing

disturbing

respectively分別地，各個地

witness目擊者;作證，見證

becomposedof由…組成

stress壓力;著重，強調(diào)

bearablefunbearableunderline強調(diào)

可忍受的，支持得住的不能忍受的highlight突出，使顯著

emphasize強調(diào)

spacious寬敞的

pursuitfpursue

attribute屬性，品質(zhì),特征追擊

characteristicfeaturenaturequalitytrait

attributesthto把…歸結(jié)于locateflocation

owesthto定位，位于位置，場所

辨：tributecontributedistribute

unanimously全體一致地，無異議地

apparent-*appear-*appearanceagreed

明顯的露面，外表

-?disappearbeengagedin從事于

消失

evidentobviousplaindistinctscatter分散，散開,撒開,驅(qū)散

visible—invisibledisperse（使）分散,（使）散開，疏散

noticeabledistribute.分發(fā),分配

spread傳播

plaguesquanderwaste浪費

反：accumulategatheramasscollectcomplement->complementary

積聚，收集補充，補足補充的，互補的

supplement

isolateisolation-*isolatedsupply

使隔離隔絕被隔絕的add

quarantine檢疫，隔離辨：implement貫徹，執(zhí)行

segregate-*segregation隔離

separate-separationcompliment-*complimentary

setapart稱贊，恭維稱贊的，夸獎的

反：congratulate祝賀flatter奉承

uniteintegratemergeabsorbblendcombineadmirehonor贊美，羨慕

joinminglemixcommendpraise稱贊

聯(lián)合，結(jié)合反：insulthumiliateoffenddespise

侮辱羞辱冒犯輕視

considerable-considerablycoastline海岸線

相當大的極大地，相當?shù)豬nland內(nèi)陸的，國內(nèi)的；內(nèi)地

表示程“極大地”程度副詞有：

greatlysignificantlyextremelyspan跨度，跨距，范圍；橫越

enormouslytremendouslyhighlylife-span壽命

awfullyamazinglyterribly

substantiallyextraordinarilyimmenselyremind-reminder—remindful-*

exceedinglyincrediblyoverwhelminglyreminisce

vastlysurprisinglydramatically提醒提醒物提醒的，記得的回憶

辨：considerablereminiscent

consideratefinconsiderate回憶往事的

考慮周到的不顧及別人的recall回憶,回想,記起

kindthoughtless/unmindfulrecollect回憶，想起

sympathetic—sympathy

有同情心的construct-*construction

thoughtfulcompassionate建造，構(gòu)造建筑物

體貼的富于同情心的

withrespectto關(guān)于，至于

interior—exteriorwithregardto

內(nèi)部的外部的regarding

coreconcerning

inner/innermost內(nèi)心深處的intermsof就???而言

nucleus

internalfexternaloppositefopposeopposition

內(nèi)在的外部的相反的，對立的反對反對派

fopponentfbeopposedton.

milestone里程碑對手反對

landmark

stationary固定的

anchor錨；拋錨，錨定initialinitiatef

attachfastenfixinitiative

縛上扎牢，扣緊使固定最初的發(fā)起，開始主動性

originalintroducemotivation

resolvefsolve原創(chuàng)的引入，引進動機

決心，解決解決earliestlaunch/startcreativity

mobilitymobile

significancefsignificant-significantly活動性，靈活性可移動的

意義，重要性；重要的相當大地mutabilityfmutable

易變性，性情不定易變的，性情不定的

juniorsenior

晚輩,，下級，年少的；年長的，資格較老的distantfdistance

遠的，疏遠的距離

inferior-*inferioritydetectfdetectorfdetective

下等的，下級的，自卑的，劣等的察覺，探測發(fā)現(xiàn)者，探測器偵探

exposerevealdisclosediscoverspot

superior-*superiority揭示，揭露，曝光，發(fā)現(xiàn)

上級；較高的，上級的，出眾的perceive察覺，感知

反：concealhide隱藏

subordinatesupervisor

次要的，下級的監(jiān)督人，管理人，上級amaze-amazingfamazingly

使吃驚令人驚異的令人驚訝地

confinefconfinedconfinementastonish—astonishi