2015年秋中考英語題型解法及模擬演練系列：閱讀題型（含精析）

中考題型經(jīng)典解法及模擬演練系列之閱讀?題型(含精析)

我們對閱讀理解除了從不同文體上把握，更要熟悉不同的命題題型和角度，采

用不同的解題方法和技巧。一般說來，主要有細節(jié)理解題、數(shù)字推算題、詞義猜測

題、推理判斷題和主旨大意題。

(一)依據(jù)事實把握細節(jié)理解

1.掌握技巧，靈活運用

(1)細心審題，直接就題找答案。

采取''帶著問題找答案”的方法，先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語(題眼)，然后以此為

線索，運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關的段落、語句，仔細品

味，對照比較，確定答案。

(2)變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。

細節(jié)理解題通常采用詞語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式來取代原文中的表述，命題者在出

這類題時習慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生，即對原句細微處做改動,

摘取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。

(3)多點歸納，綜合事實找答案。

細節(jié)理解題有時考查的并不是單--的信息，而是多處信息的整合。解答此類“綜

合”信息細節(jié)題時，一定要全面捕捉相關信息，進行綜合分析、歸納，切忌根據(jù)“一面

之詞”草率地得出結(jié)論。

2.明確干擾，破除陷阱

⑴擴大或縮小范圍

文章為了表達準確嚴密，經(jīng)常通過加上相應的詞語限制，如涉及數(shù)量時常用

many,almostall,nearly,morethan,over,onlyafew,normally等限制。有些干擾項可能

會擴大或縮小語言范圍。

(2)偷換概念

命題者設計試題時往往把原文的概念偷換成另一個不同的概念。望文生義是造

成錯誤的主要原因。

(3)正誤并存

在干擾項中，某個句子或詞語是正確的，其他分句或詞語是錯誤的或表達不全

面，正誤并存，命題者常會借此以假亂真。

命題角度1直接信息(2014.涼山中考)

Ifyouwatchtheskyforaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown,youmayseesome

“movingstars”.Buttheyarenotreallystars.Theyareman-madesatellites.Andthe

biggestofallistheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).FromMaytoJulyisthebestseason

towatchtheISSflyingovertheearth.Andpeoplecanseeitwiththeireyesduringthe

time.

ThescientistswanttoliveontheISS.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmore

aboutspaceistolivethere.

Whenthespacestationisfinished,itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayand

studytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Laboratories,livingroomsand

powerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostexpensiveprogram.Billionsofdollars

arespentoniteveryyear.

ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeasteppingstoneforfuturespaceexploration.

“TheISSwillbemoreusefulsomeday.TheISSwillhelpusunderstandthehumanbody

better,explorespaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter.9,said

KathrynClark,anISSscientist.

68.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearn.

A.wecan'tseetheISSwithoureyes

B.MarchisthebestseasontowatchtheISSflyingovertheearth

C.allthemovingstarsarereallystars

D.thebiggestman-madesatelliteistheISS

分析：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyareman-madesatellites.Andthebiggest

ofallistheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）.”可以宜接得出ISS就是最大的人造衛(wèi)星。

命題角度2間接信息（2014.昆明中考）

Intheirlastmomentbeforetheflighttookoff,Iheardafathersayingtohisdaughter,

“Iloveyou,Iwishyouenough.MThedaughtersaid,“Daddy,ourlifetogetherhasbeen

morethanenough.YourloveisallIeverneeded.Iwishyouenoughtoo."Theykissed

goodbyeandthedaughterleft.Icouldseethefatherwasverysad.

Suddenlythefatherwalkedtowardsmeandaskedme,“Didyoueversaygoodbyeto

someoneknowingitwouldbethelasttime?”

56.Wheredidthestoryhappened?

A.Inahospital.B.Atanairport.

C.Atatrainstation.D.Inapark.

分析:B細節(jié)理解題。第一句中的theflighttookoff指“飛機起飛”，這就間接告訴我

們：故事發(fā)生在飛機場。

（二）關注數(shù)字準確推算數(shù)字

1.篩選數(shù)字

英語閱讀中的數(shù)字推算題通常是考查對原文數(shù)據(jù)與其他信息的簡單計算和推斷

的能力。文章一般有兩個或兩個以上的數(shù)字信息，這些數(shù)字在文中的位置比較分散,

考生要注意數(shù)字信息之間的緊密聯(lián)系，注意區(qū)分哪些是有效數(shù)字，哪些是無效數(shù)字。

數(shù)字推算題通常涉及的信息是時間、年齡、價格等。這類題目的答案需要在理解文

章大意的基礎上，文章中直接出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字通常是干擾選項，考生要善于通過信息分

析或轉(zhuǎn)換將有效數(shù)字集中在一起。

2.簡單計算

中考的閱讀理解中的數(shù)字推算并不要求高深的數(shù)學知識。在有關數(shù)字推算的試

題中，所涉及的數(shù)學知識一般都比較簡單，根據(jù)短文所提供的數(shù)據(jù)進行必要的加減

乘除運算便可以得出結(jié)論。

運用正確的計算公式和換算單位，計算出的正確答案是一個“新”數(shù)字。

BetterTimeforTeenagerstokeepHealthy（2014?哈爾濱中考）

fe

Thingstodo

.Brushingteeth__.Drinkingmilk_.Goingtobed_.Eatingfruits_

AftergettinguporAround

CommontimeDuringbreakfastAftermeals

beforesleeping23:00

Timefrom

3minutesafterAroundAnhourbefore

experts9Beforesleeping

meals21:00meals

suggestion

Tokeepbones

lbreducegermsinTobegoodforaTokeepthe

Advantagestrongandhelp

themouthdeepsleepbodystrong

sleepwell

BrushthetongueAvoiddrinkingitSleepforatleastWashcarefully

Warmtipwhilebrushingwhenhavinga8hourseverybeforeeating

teethstomachachenightthem

WordBox:germ細菌tip提示

37.Teenagersoftengotobedhour(s)laterthanthetimetheexpertssuggest.

A.oneB.twoC.three

39.Ifateenagergoestobedatthetimebasedontheexperts'suggestion,theearliesttime

forhimtogetupwillbeinthemorning.

A.5:00B.6:00C.7:00

37.B根據(jù)Commontime中的Around23:00和Timefromexperts5suggestion中的

Around21:00,可以推算出：23-21=2。

39.A在Timefromexperts'suggestion中，專家建議的休息時■間為Around21:00,再

根據(jù)Warmtip中的Sleepforatleast8hourseverynight來計算，如果一個青少年在21

點睡覺，那么，他最早應當在早晨5點鐘起床。

（三）利用已知輕松猜測詞義（1）

解題技巧之一巧用構(gòu)詞法

首先要看一下這個詞的構(gòu)成，看看它是否能分為兩部分或三部分，然后再看每

個部分所表達的意義及詞性，最后再通過句意及上下文的語境等來確定其意義。

’加在一個詞的前面的詞或音節(jié)'

伙前綴入手）—用來改變或增加原詞詞義

、如:un-一般用于形容詞之前，表示否定,

而'位于詞后的詞或音節(jié)

-（從后綴入手）―

詞用來改變或增加原詞詞義

法如:后綴為-tion的詞大多為名詞

7

［把兩個或兩個以上的單詞合成為一個新詞、

（從合成入手）—根據(jù)每個單詞的含義來猜測這個新詞的合

成意義例如:homework家庭作業(yè)

MinSun,withanothernameofZiqian,wasafamousmanintheStateofLuduring

theSpringandAutumnPeriod.HewasastudentofConfucius.Amongallstudentsof

Confucius,hewascomparedwithYanYuan.

MinSun'smotherdiedveryearly.Laterhisfathertookanotherwife,whogavebirth

totwosons.ThestepmothermistreatedMinSun—inwinter,whiletwoyoungerbrothers

worewarmclothesmadeofcotton,MinSunonlyworeclothesmadeofreedcatkins（蘆

花）.

47.Theunderlinedword"mistreated^inthepassagemeans"

A.對待B.款待C.虐待D.善待

分析：本題可嘗試用構(gòu)詞法解答。前綴“mis-”具有否定意義，treat表示“款待，招待”,

結(jié)合本句意思可知，答案為Co

解題技巧之二試用定義法

定義是作者為了更好地表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或

詞匯等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，利用它們猜測詞義比

較容易，其標志為tobe（是）,mean（意指）,referto（指的是）等。

（2014.哈爾濱中考）

Buildingasingleumbrella,whichisbigenoughtocoverthewholeearth,seemsto

beimpossible.RogerAngel,ascientistfromtheUSA,hascarriedoutresearchtodeal

withthisproblem.Hecameupwithanideaofmini-umbrellas.Infact,eachmini-umbrella

ismadeupoftwoparts,aspaceshipandasunshade（遮陽篷）.Aspaceshipweighingabout

1gwouldcarryasunshadethatishalfameterlong.Itwouldbemostlytrans〈arent.That

meanslightcanpassitdirectlytoreachtheearth,withlandsandoceansclearlyinview.

46.Theunderlinedword^transparent^hereprobablymeans44

A.透明的B.透氣的C.透風的

分析：由下一句中的Thatmeans可知，lightcanpassitdirectlytoreachtheearth,with

landsandoceansclearlyinview是對transparent的解釋，故答案為A。

解題技巧之三妙用闡述法

雖然進一步闡述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細，但是提供的信息足以使我們猜出生

詞的詞義。復述部分可以是適當?shù)脑~、短語或者句子。

（2014?黃石中考）

Aftergraduatingfromacollege,shewenttothisschoolaloneandworkedtherefor

nearlytwentyyears.

Theheadmasteroftheschoolsaid,“Sheworkedhardandtaughtwell.Shewasa

backboneteacherinourschool.Shewasalsothemostwelcometeacheramongthe

students.Forstudents,shewaslikeamother.TheycalledherC6LittleMother.5,

52.Theunderlinedword“backbone“inthispassagemeansinChinese.

A.駝背B.中樞C.骨干D.脊椎

分析：單獨從字面上看，這個詞有“中樞”或“脊椎”意思的可能性，但是如果我們仔細

閱讀"Sheworkedhardandtaughtwell."和"Shewasalsothemostwelcometeacher

amongthestudents...”，便會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個詞是用來描述一位老師在學校及學生中的

地位的，而不是指人體的某個具體部位，所以答案為C。

利用已知輕松猜測詞義Q）

破題技巧之四精用舉例法

恰當?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞詞義的重要線索，like（像……一樣），as...as（如

同……一樣），thesameas（與……相同）等可以作為識別生詞的信號詞，以這些詞為線

索，可以較容易地推斷出生詞的詞義。

（2014?廣東中考）

WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.

Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorand

power（權(quán)力）.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonly

bythoseinhighofficeorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens.

63.TheunderlinedwordroyalmightmeaninChinese.

A.皇室的B.富裕的

C.中產(chǎn)的D.平民的

分析：句中的suchasthekingsorqueens是重要的信號詞，這說明royalpeople與

kingsorqueens是具有相似地位的人，由此可知答案為A。

解題技巧之五善用語境法

根據(jù)上下文的語境關聯(lián)猜測詞義是閱讀理解中最常見的一種解題方法，其關鍵

是不要脫離上下文的語境，要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的推

測，不要斷章取義。

（2014.溫州中考）

DearLinda,

IforgottosendyouthepackagethatyoushouldhavereceivedonMay20,1956,

yourfifthbirthday.Thegiftinsidehasaged,butIfeltthatyoumightstillwishtohaveit.

SorryforthelatenessI

Love,

AngelofJoy

Lindaopenedthepackageandsawalovelygrandmadoll.Sheclaspedthedollthat

shehadwaitedsomanyyearstoreceive,tearscoursingdownherface.Thedoll,given

by“AngelofJoy”,madeherthehappiesfchild^alive.

35.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordclaspedprobablymeaninthepassage?

A.heldB.threw

C.madeD.bought

分析：從文章中找到與clasped有直接關系的詞較難，所以本題應當從上下文的語境

中尋找答案。這個詞是出現(xiàn)在Linda讀了AngelofJoy的信之后才發(fā)出的一個動作,

而在信中，AngelofJoy表達了由于一個遲到的禮物而感到抱歉的心情。信中所提到

的禮物正是Linda盼望已久的，因此，當Linda收到這份禮物時，便情不自禁地將其

抱在胸前，故答案為Ao

解題技巧之六慎用常識法

這是指根據(jù)篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知識來猜測詞義。有時僅靠分析篇章

內(nèi)在邏輯關系無法猜出詞義。這時，就需要運用生活經(jīng)驗和普通常識確定詞義。

（2014?漳州中考）

WhenIalmostliftedabean,itdroppedbacktotheground.WhenIfinallypickedup

severalbeans,oneofmyfriendsranintome.Icouldn'tkeepmybalanceandfellover.All

mybeansdroppedtotheground!Justatthatmoment,Mr.Kwakcalledusback.Ihadto

leavethegameandofcourseIgotabadresult.Icouldn'thelpthinkingthatifIwerea

birdlivingonGalapagosIsland,Iwouldbedeadsoon.

Thefungamemademerealizethatnaturalselectionisreallycompetitive（競爭的）.

Everyoneistryinghisorherbesttosurvive.

64.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword^survive^inthelastparagraph?

A.Findfood.B.Remainalive.

C.Belovely.D.Keepbalanced.

分析：這兩段文字描述的是有關比賽的事情，按照常識可知，每個人在進行比賽時

都想獲勝，通過分析四個選項可知,B項最符合句意。

（2014.達州中考）

Doyouknowwhysomanyanimalsdonotstayinoneplace?Birds,fishandother

animalsmovefromoneplacetoanotherplaceatacertaintime.Theymovefordifferent

reasons:mostofthemmovetofindfoodmoreeasily,butothersmovetogetawayfrom

placesthataretoocrowded.

Whencoldweathercomes,manybirdsmovetowarmerplacestofindfood.Some

fishesgivebirthinwarmwaterandmovetocoldwatertofeed.Themostfamous

migraiio/iisprobablythemigrationoffish,whichiscalled“salmon"儂魚）.

58.Theunderlinedwordmigrationinthepassagemeans.

A.遷徙B.習性

C.運動D.尋覓

（四）品鑒信息合理推理判斷

命題角度1事實推斷（2014.廣州中考）

Itwasalreadyeleveno5clock.BythelightofthemoonIstartedworking,tryingto

makeaslittlenoiseaspossible.Andthatwasnoteasywithasaw（鋸子）andahammer.

Aftermucheffort,myworkwasfinallycompleted.Ilookeddownatmywatch.It

wasexactly4:00am.ThenIwentinsidetohaveashowerandgetafewhoursofsleep.It

wouldn'tbelongnowbeforethekidswouldrushintomyroomandwakemeuptotell

meaboutthenewtree-houseFatherChristmashadbroughtthemthisyear.

49.Whatdidthemanwanttodoafterfinishinghisplan?

A.Gotosleep.

B.Wakeuphischildren.

C.Openthebag.

D.Callthepolice.

【分析】這是一個事實推斷題。文中沒有明確給出可以與題目wanttodo同義替換

的定位詞，但是我們可以推斷作者勞累一晚之后的心情，而且最后一段說ThenI

wentinsidetohaveashowerandgetafewhoursofsleep.所以，我們可以推斷出，答

案是Ao

【解題技巧】（1）推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，進行判斷和推論,

從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。

（2）要做到判斷有據(jù)，推論有理，忠實原文。切忌用自己的觀點代替作者的本意，切忌

片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。

命題角度2觀點態(tài)度推斷（2014?蘇州中考）

PeoplethinkoficecreamasanAmericanfood.Yet,icecreamreallycamefromAsia.

Inthelate1200sMarcoPolo,thegreatexplorer,issaidtohaveseenrichAsianseating

dishesofice.Camelshadbroughttheicefromdistantmountains.Beforeitwasserved,

theicehadbeenflavored（調(diào)味）withfruits.

MarcoPolobroughtthisnewdishtoItaly.InFrancecookschangedtheicerecipe（配

方）andmadeicecream.

SomegreatAmericanslovedicecream.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirsttobuyaspecial

machineformakingit.WhenThomasJeffersonreturnedfromFrance,hebroughtanice

creamrecipehomewithhim.DollyMadison,wifeofPresidentJamesMadison,alsoliked

icecream,andsheoftenserveditattheWhiteHouse.Actually,afamousbrand（品牌）of

icecreamwasevennamedafterher.

35.Whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantpersoninthehistoryoficecream?

A.MarcoPolo.

B.DollyMadison.

C.ThomasJefferson.

D.GeorgeWashington.

【分析】本題考查對作者意圖和態(tài)度的推斷。由“MarcoPolobroughtthisnewdishto

Italy.InFrancecookschangedtheicerecipeandmadeicecream."E以推測出，作者認

為，馬可波羅在冰淇淋的歷史中是最重要的人物，故答案為A。

【解題技巧】應當全面理解文章的內(nèi)容及文章的中心思想，注意能夠表露作者思想

傾向和感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，如doubt,hate,against等。

（2014.北京中考）

Teenswantstructureintheirlives,whichmeanstheywanttheirliveswell-planned.

Tobeginbuildingstructure,teensneedloveandtrust.Theyneedtoknowtheirparentsare

theretogivethemneededloveandsupport（支持）.Teenswanttobesurethatnothingcan

preventparentsfromshoulderingtheirresponsibilityforthem—nottheirgrowing

maturity（成熟）,misbehavior,norangeratsomethingtheyhavedone.Teenswantparents

tokeepcontrolwhileallowingthemtomakesomedecisions.

Therearesomewaysyoucanhelpyourteenscreatereasonablestructureandremain

close.Onewayistospendtimetogether.Parentsoftenmistaketheirteens'increased

interestinfriendsforadisinterestinthefamily.

leenswouldliketospendmoretimedoingthingswiththeirparents,butwatching

TVisnotcountedasspendingtimetogether.Asyourteensmature,itisimportantyouand

yourteensspendtimealonetogether,onetoone.Yourteensneedtimetotalktoyou

alonewithoutanyotherfamilymemberpresent.

56.AccordingtoParagraph1,teens.

A.cancontrolthemselves

B.expectdirectionandfreedom

C.don'tknowhowtomakedecision

D.don'thaveresponsibilityforthefamily

57.Theunderlinedpart44countedas“inParagraph3probablymeans44

A.comparedwithB.usedas

C.connectedwithD.regardedas

（五）瀏覽全文歸納主旨大意

命題角度1標題歸納（2014.紹興中考）

VickyZhaoisfromthemainlandworkinginHongKong.Forher,onethingshe

can'tstandispeoplestandingonthewrongsideoftheescalator（自動扶梯）insubway

stations.

"'Escalatorshelpusmovefasterandsavetime.Itisn'taplacetorest,“the

24-year-oldsays,“Ioftenseetouristsblocking（擋住）thewaywiththeirheavysuitcasesor

chattingontheescalatorsduringrushhour.Itmakesmeveryangry.

Agreeingthatsheisnotthepatienttype,ZhaosaysthingsaremuchbetterinHong

Kongthanincitiesonthemainlandwherepeopleoftenpaynoattentionto"standright,

walkleft,?signs.

Thereasonbehindtherulei6standright,walkleft,?seemsclear.Eventhoughyoumay

wanttohavearestandjustwaitwhileyou'retransportedupordown,youshouldstill

considerothersandleaveenoughspaceforpeopleinahurry,sothattheycanrunandtake

thetrain.

Butthepeoplewhostandonescalatorswilltellthewalkersnottobesoimpatient.In

arecentstoryabouttheescalatorrule,oneStandersays,“Ifthepersonisinsucharush,

whynotjusttakethestairs?”

Manycities,escalators,includingLondon\andBeijing's,usethe46standright,walk

left'Tuletospeedupthemovementofpeople.（InAustraliancitieslikeSydneyyoushould

standontheleftsideinstead.）Butsomecitiesdiscouragepeoplefrommovingon

escalatorsoutofsafetyreasons.InHongKong'ssubwaystationspeopleareasked

to44standstillMonescalators.Evenso,mostpeoplekeepthe44standright,walkleft'Tule.

Whatevertheescalatorruleisintheplaceyouliveinorvisit,dowhatmostpeopleare

doingandalwaysbemindfulofothers,leaveenoughspacebetweeneachother,don'tstay

attheendoftheescalator,andifsomeoneisblockingyourway,asimple66excuseme”is

enough.

51.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.GetitrightB.Helpothers

C.TakestairsD.Movefast

【分析】考查對文章標題的歸納。文章以一位在地鐵中使用自動扶梯的VickyZhao

的身份，對于“standright,walkleft”這一規(guī)定發(fā)表了個人的看法，作者認為在乘坐自

動扶梯時，應當遵守規(guī)則，由此可知，答案應當為A。

命題角度2主旨大意（2014?泰安中考）

WhenIwasachild,myparentsoftentookmetoanoldhouseinathickforest.No

otherchildreneverstayedthere.Ididn'tevenhavethechoiceofplayingwithabrotheror

sister.

Icouldneverunderstandwhattheattraction（吸弓I）ofthehousewas,evenformy

parents,whoenjoyednothingbetterthantositinsilencewithagoodbook.Thewomanin

thehouse,myfather'sdistantcousin,wasaterriblecookandherfoodwasinedible.

Oneday,whenIwaswanderingaroundthegardenbehindthehouse,Inoticeda

woodenhousewhichhadclearlybeenabandoned（被遺棄的）.AsIwalkedtowardsit,I

heardanoise,likeananimalmovinghurriedlyaway.ThenIsawamanwithalongbeard

standingatthedoor.Iwasgreatlysurprised.

“Pleasedon'ttellthemyousawme,“hesaid,“Theyneverusethisplace,andIhave

nowhereelsetolive.'"'Don'tworry,9,Isaid,"Iwon'ttellanyone.Butareyouallrightout

here?Imean-doyouhaveenoughtoeat?”Theoldmanshookhishead.

Thesameevening,Itookasmallplasticbagintothediningroomand,whilenoone

waslooking,emptiedsomeofthefoodintoit.Later,Igotoutofthebackdoorsecretly

andgavethefoodtotheoldman,whosenameIhaddiscoveredwasTaff.

IhadneverseenanythingelseaslovelyasthesmileofsatisfactiononTaff'sface

whenheatethefood.Fromthenon,myvisitstotheoldhousehadapurpose,andI

enjoyedeveryminuteofrestofmystay.

60.Thestorymainlytellsus.

A.it'snicetoraisewildanimals

B.it'svaluabletohelpothers

C.it'sgoodtoliveintheforest

D.it'scomfortabletoliveintheoldhouse

【分析】考查主旨大意的歸納。瀏覽全文可知，自從作者在一個舊房子里遇到了一

位蓬頭垢面的老人之后，舊房子便成了作者常去的地方，因為作者在那里找到了快

樂—幫助那位老人，所以，答案為B。

【解題技巧】

1.細讀主題句，鎖定文章主旨

尋找主題句多采用瀏覽法。主題句有可能在一段的開頭、中間、末尾。在很多

情況下，主題句如果在段首，其后可能有forexample,first,second等信息。如果在段

末,其前可能有aboveall,allinall等信息詞。

2.歸納各段大意，概括中心思想

有時文章或段落的主題句隱含在全文或全段中，沒有明確的主題句，必須根據(jù)

文章中的事實細節(jié)，進行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概

念。

3.巧妙排除干擾項

（1）概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代替整體，從而導致范圍太?。?；

（2）過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為人為擴大范圍）；

⑶以事實或細節(jié)代替大意。

模擬演練一

Doyoulikereading?NowadaystheInternetprovides

peoplewithalotofinformation,includingreadingmaterials.

Butifyoureadinthesmallestlibraryintheworld,youwill

feelquitedifferent.

Thesmallestlibraryintheworldhasappearedonthe

streetsofNewYorkCity.TheLittleFreeLibraryhasspace

forjustonereaderatatime.Itwassetupinaneighborhood

inManhattan（曼哈頓）.Thereareonly40booksinthelibrary.Infactitisnotahousebut

aplasticstructure（建筑物）.Twoarchitects（建筑師）MarceloErtorteguyandSaraValente

designedsuchastructure.Thelibrarywasbuiltfromrecycledmaterials,aplasticwater

tank（箱）andawoodenstructure.Itlookslikeanumbrellasothatallthebooksinitcanbe

protectedfrombadweather.Therearealsosomeholesoutsideofthestructure.They

allowreaderstolookinbeforetheygointothelibrary.

“Weareinterestedinrecycledmaterials,butwhatwefindthemostinterestingis

givingoldmaterialsnewfunctions（功能）,“saidMrErtorteguy.

Sincethelibrarywassetup,ithasdrawnalotofvisitors.TheLittleFreeLibraryidea

cameintobeingthreeyearsago.TheideasoonstartedspreadingallovertheUnited

States.LatersomeareasofEurope,AfricaandAsiafolloweditsexample.

Thelibraryaimstohelppeopletakeabreakfromthepaceoflifeinthecityby

relaxingwithagoodstory.

1.Whereisthesmallestlibraryintheworld?

A.InaneighborhoodinManhattan,US.

B.InasmallcityinEngland.

C.InavillageinChina.

D.InaneighborhoodinAustralia.

2.Theholesoutsideofthelibrary.

A.canhelpreaderstoseebooksinsidemoreclearly

B.canhelpreaderstoseeifthereareanybookstheywant

C.canhelpreaderstobreathefreshair

D.canhelppeopleoutsideseeifthereisanyoneinthelibrary

3.Thesmallestlibrarylookslikeanumbrellasothat.

A.peoplecanstayinitwhenitisraining

B.itcandrawmorevisitorstoreadbooksinit

C.itcanstopbadweatherfromdamagingthebooks

D.itcanstopnaughtykidsfromthrowingbookshereandthere

4.WhatdoesMrErtorteguythinkisthemostinterestingthingaboutthelibrary?

A.Moreandmorereaderscomehere.

B.Allofthebooksareveryinteresting.

C.Itisthesmallestlibraryintheworld.

D.Oldmaterialsaregivennewfunctions.

5.Thepurposeofbuildingsuchasmalllibraryis.

A.tohelppeoplerelaxoutofbusylife

B.togivepeoplebetterbookstoread

C.togivemoneytocharityforhomelesspeople

D.toshowhowimportanttoreadbooks

LA細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的前三句可知，世界上最小的圖書館在美國曼哈頓的一個

小區(qū)里。

2.B細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的最后兩句可知，圖書館上的孔是供讀者在進入之前看看

是否有他們想看的書用的。

3.C細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“sothatallthebooksinitcanbeprotectedfrombadweather”

可知，圖書館被設計成雨傘的形狀是為了保護里面的書不被惡劣的天氣破壞。

4.A推理判斷題。由最后一段可推知，建造這種小圖書館的目的是讓那些工作繁忙的

人獲得暫時的休息。

5.D細節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知，關于這種圖書館，Ertorteguy認為最有趣的是它（圖

書館）賦予舊材料新的功能。

模擬演練二

ThereoncewasaveryniceboynamedJohn.Onedayhe

askedhisbestfriendRosetohaveahaircuttogether.Johngota1

nicehairstylebutRosedidn'tlikehersatall.W

JohntoldRosethathelikedherhairbutRosedidn'twantto/II

talk.JohntriedtogiveRoseahug（擁抱）butsheshoutedand'W

criedandhitJohnintheface.Johnwassosad.Heranallthe

wayhometohismother.

Bythetimehegothometearswererunningdownhisfaceandhismotherknew

somethingwaswrong.Whenshecalmedhimdownshetoldhimthatheshould

forgive（諒）hisfriend.SheexplainedthateventhoughwhatRosedidwaswrong,John

shouldforgiveherandgiveheranotheropportunity.

SothenextdayJohnfoundRoseandtoldherthatheforgaveherforhittinghimin

theface.Rosesaidshewassorryandgavehimahug.JohntoldRosethathelikedher

hairandRosesaidthatshelikedJohn's,too.Fromthatpointon,thetwobecamegreat

friendsagain.

Theywentstraighttotheice-creamshopandsharedamilkshake.

1.HowdidRosefeelaftertheygotoutofthebarber's?

A.Shefeltkindofproud.

B.Shefeltsoupset.

C.Shefeltsonervous.

D.Shefeltquitesurprised.

2.Johnfeltsadbecause.

A.Rosehithimintheface

B.Rosedidn'treturnhismoney

C.hedidn'tlikehishaircut

D.hedidn?tlikeRose'shaircut

3.WhatdidJohnthinkofhismother'swords?

A.Theyarenottrue.

B.Theyareimpossible.

C.Theyareright.

D.Theyseemcrazy.

4.Fromthefourthparagraphwecaninferthat.

A.RoseforgaveJohn

B.RosewasveryangrywithJohn

C.Rosestillthoughtshewasright

D.thetwofriendsforgaveeachother

5.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AForgivingFriend

B.TwoGoodFriends

C.DifferentHaircuts

D.GivingMeaHug

1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后?句和第二段的第?句可以推測出，Rose心情很

不好，煩躁不安。

2.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可?知,John很難過是因為Rose打了他的臉。

3.C推理判斷題。第四段的第一句說到John第二天找到了Rose并原諒了她，這說明

John認為他媽媽所說的話是正確的。

4.D推理判斷題。第四段的最后一句說到兩人又重新成了好朋友，由此可知，他們互

相原諒了對方。

5.A主旨大意題。本文主要講述了兩個好朋友在產(chǎn)生了誤會之后又互相原諒的故事,

所以，其中心應當與“原諒”有關，故答案為A。

模擬演練三

Henryworkedonaship,doingtricks（魔術(shù)）.Eachweekheshowedthesametricks

overandoveragain,becausethepassengersontheshipweredifferent.Therewasalsoa

parrotontheship.Itsawtheshowssomanytimesthatitunderstoodeverything.Thenit

startedshoutingduringtheshow:

“Hey,hehasputtheflowersunderthetable!”

“Allthecardsarethesame.”

“Lookcarefully.It'sadifferenthat!^^

Henrywasveryangrybutcoulddonothing.

Onedaytheshiphadanaccidentandbrokeintopieces.Henryfellintothewater.

Whenheclimbedupontoapieceofwood,hefoundtheparrotthere.Helookedatthe

parrotangrilyanddidnotsayaword.Thiswentonforoneday,thenanotherandanother.

Intheend,theparrotsaid,“Oh,howIwishIhadn'tsaidanythingduringtheshows.

Pleasetellmewhereyou'veputtheshipandIwon'topenmymouthagain!,9

1.Henryworkedonaship,.

A.doingtricksB.playingwithaparrot

C.sellingflowersD.lookingforhishat

2.Theparrotsawtheshowssomanytimesthat.

A.itknewwheretheshipwasB.itbecameveryangry

C.itdidn'twanttosayawordD.itunderstoodeverything

3.Aftertheaccident,Henrywasonapieceofwoodwith.

A.somepassengersB.theparrotC.somecardsD.thetable

l.A細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章首句。

2.D細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Itsawtheshowssomanytimesthatitunderstoodeverything.得答案

3.D細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Whenheclimbedupontoapieceofwood,hefoundtheparrotthere.

得答案。

模擬演練四

Rulersareeverywhere.Whenyou9rereadingatthelibrary,playingbasketonthe

playgroundordrivingontheroad,you'llhavetofollowsomerules.Buthaveyouever

readanyrulesonaplane?Ifyou'retravelingbyairinAmerica,youmayfindthe

followingcriteria（標準）.

ExitSeatCriteria

Ifyouaresittinginanexitseat,readtheinformationbelow.

Youmust:

☆Beatleast15yearsoldandhealthyenoughtoofferhelp.

☆Beabletospeak,readandunderstandEnglishwell.

☆Beabletofollowasafewayfromtheemergencyexit（緊急出口）.

☆Beabletohelpothersawayfromtheplane.

Youmustnot:

☆Travelwithapet,suchasadog.