安徽省池州市貴池區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試卷（ 含答案解析 ）

貴池區(qū)2023～2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高一英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼區(qū)域內(nèi)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清晰。3.請(qǐng)按題號(hào)順序在各題答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效。4.保持答題卡卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoesthewomanhavetogetoff?A.AttheBankofChina.B.Atthepostoffice.C.Atthenextstop.2.Whydoesthemanrefusethewoman?A.Hedoesn’thaveacar.B.He’llbeusinghiscar.C.Shedoesn’tdrive.3.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.TheGrandHotel.B.Theshoppingcenter.C.Thetrafficlight.4.Howisthewomangoinghome?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.5.Howmanyfriendscanthegirlinvite?A.Fourorfive.B.Twoorthree.C.Twoorfour.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodothisweekend?A.Gotothebeach.B.Climbamountain.C.Goforabicycle-ride.7.WhatdoweknowaboutPaulandMary?A.Theymightbethespeakers’friends.B.They’vedecidedtojointhespeakers.C.Theydidsomeridingyesterday.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Usingthelefthand.B.Operatingmachines.C.Designingmachines.9.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Masterandservant.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Fellowworkers.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Left-handerscan’trunthemachines.B.Thewomanonlyusesherrighthand.C.Thewomanismoreskillfulthantheman.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdidthewomandolastweekend?A.Shewenttothebeach.B.Shevisitedherparents.C.Shehadatriptothecountryside.12.Whydidthewomancomehomesosoon?A.Shewastired.B.Shecaughtacold.C.Shehadschoolworktodo.13.Whatwastheweatherlikeattheweekend?A.Cloudy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatdoesthewomanthinkaboutherboss?A.Rude.B.Foolish.C.Troublesome.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shewasinchargeofaschool.B.Shesucceededinherjob.C.Shehasleftherjob.16.Whatdoesthemanwanttobe?A.Adancer.B.Adancingtrainer.C.Ahighschoolteacher.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatcanwelearnfromthenews?A.Novillagerwaskilled.B.15houseswerebadlydamaged.C.Over200peopleweremadehomeless.18.Howmanypeoplewerebadlyinjuredinthestorm?A.Seven.B.Nine.C.Ten.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthefarmer?A.Hishousewasdestroyed.B.Hiswifewasmissing.C.Oneofhischildrenwaskilled.20.Whatdidthewomandowhenshesawherhouseshaking?A.Shetriedtotakesomethingout.B.Sherushedoutwithherchildren.C.Shetoldherhusbandnottoleave.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15個(gè)小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AUnbelievableStoriesofAnimalsActingJustLikeHumansHorsesarepickyeatersHorseshaveanevenbettersenseofsmellthanhumansdo.Whenhorsesraisetheirnosesandopentheirnostrils(鼻孔),theirnervoussystemallowsthemtosensesmellswecan’tsense.Thismightexplainwhytheyrefusedirtywaterandcarefullymovearoundmeadows,eatingonlythetastiestgrasses,expertssay.WhalesaysthanksIn2018,awhaleexpertspottedahumpbackwhaletrappedinafishingnetandspentanhourfreeingit.Afterward,inanhour-longdisplayofthanks,thewhaleswamneartheirboatandleapedintotheairabout40times.PandasliketobenaughtyIsthereanythingmorelovelythanababypanda,exceptmaybeahumanbaby?Infact,babypandassometimesbehavelikehumanbabies.Theysleepinthesamepositionsandvaluetheirthumbs.Pandasareshybynatureforitsshybehaviorssuchascoveringitsfacewithapaworduckingitsheadwhenconfrontedbyastranger.AcathonorsitsownerPapertowels,andaplasticcuparejustafewofthegiftsthatToldo,adevotedthree-year-oldgray-and-whitecat,hasplacedonhisformerownerIozzelliRenzo’sgraveeverydaysincethemandiedinSeptember2018.RenzoadoptedToldofromashelterwhenthecatwasthreemonthsold,andthetwoformedaninseparablebond.AfterRenzopassedaway,Toldofollowedthecoffintothecemetery,andnow“standsguard”thegraveforhoursatatime.1.Whatcanhorsesdotopickdeliciousgrasses?A.Feelthem.B.Tastethem.C.Smellthem.D.Observethem.2.Whatdothewhaleandthecathaveincommonaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyareclever.B.Theyhaveagratefulheart.C.Theyareactiveandlovely.D.Theyhaveagoodsenseofsmell.3.Whichofthefollowingactslikeahumanbabyaccordingtothepassage?A.ThewhaleB.Thecat.C.Thehorse.D.Thepanda.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了動(dòng)物的一些與人類相似的行為，具體包括馬、鯨魚、熊貓和貓?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Horsesarepickyeaters中“Whenhorsesraisetheirnosesandopentheirnostrils(鼻孔),theirnervoussystemallowsthemtosensesmellswecan’tsense.Thismightexplainwhytheyrefusedirtywaterandcarefullymovearoundmeadows,eatingonlythetastiestgrasses,expertssay.（當(dāng)馬抬起鼻子，張開鼻孔時(shí)，它們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)可以讓它們聞到我們無法聞到的氣味。專家說，這也許可以解釋為什么它們拒絕臟水，在草地上仔細(xì)地移動(dòng)，只吃最好吃的草。）”可知，馬的嗅覺非常靈敏，它們通過嗅覺來挑選最美味的草。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Whalesaysthanks中“Afterward,inanhour-longdisplayofthanks,thewhaleswamneartheirboatandleapedintotheairabout40times.（之后，在長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)小時(shí)的感謝中，鯨魚游到他們的船附近，在空中跳了大約40次。）”可知，鯨魚會(huì)向救助它的人反復(fù)表示感謝。根據(jù)Acathonorsitsowner中“Papertowels,andaplasticcuparejustafewofthegiftsthatToldo,adevotedthree-year-oldgray-and-whitecat,hasplacedonhisformerownerIozzelliRenzo’sgraveeverydaysincethemandiedinSeptember2018.（紙巾和一個(gè)塑料杯只是Toldo這只忠誠(chéng)的灰白色三歲貓的一小部分禮物，自從它的前主人IozzelliRenzo于2018年9月去世以來，Toldo每天都會(huì)在他的墳?zāi)股戏派隙Y物。）”和“AfterRenzopassedaway,Toldofollowedthecoffintothecemetery,andnow“standsguard”thegraveforhoursatatime.（Renzo去世后，Toldo跟著棺材來到墓地，現(xiàn)在每次都要“守衛(wèi)”墓地好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。）”可知，貓會(huì)向主人表示忠誠(chéng)，守衛(wèi)主人的墓地。由此推知，這兩種動(dòng)物之間的共性是有一個(gè)感恩的心。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Pandasliketobenaughty中“Infact,babypandassometimesbehavelikehumanbabies.Theysleepinthesamepositionsandvaluetheirthumbs.（事實(shí)上，熊貓寶寶有時(shí)表現(xiàn)得像人類寶寶。他們以同樣的姿勢(shì)睡覺，喜歡他們的拇指。）”可知，熊貓會(huì)表現(xiàn)得像人類寶寶一樣，有同樣的睡姿和對(duì)拇指的喜好。故選D項(xiàng)。BAquarrelathomemayresultinyoufallingill.Don'tlaugh,it'strue.Familymattersincludinglivinghabitsandeventhewaywespeakhaveabigeffectonourhealth,doctorssay.WangXiaoyu,aSenior2girlfromXichang,SichuanProvince,fainted(暈倒)inclasswhensheheardherclassmatesquarrelatthetopoftheirvoices.Quarrelsbetweenherparentsalsoputthegirlintoacoma.Itisbecausesheissufferingfromdepression,causedbybadrelationsathome,doctorsexplained."Wedon'tgetsickorstaywellbyourselves,"saysDrRobertFerrerfromtheUS.Ferrershowsthatfamilyforcesmayexplainuptoaquarterofhealthproblems,inhisrecentresearch.Thegenesyougetfromyourfamilymaycauseillness.Ifoneofyourparentshasaheartattack,yourriskofbeingaffected(影響)maydouble.ButeffectsonhealtharenotonlywritteninourDNA.Unrelatedpeoplewholiveunderthesameroofalsogetsimilarproblems.Diet,lifestyleandenvironmentaffectourhealth,too.Ferrer'sresearchalsofoundthatifteenagersfeeltheyareignored(忽視)orunimportantathometheyaremorelikelytogetsick.Wemayneverfullyunderstandalltheeffectsthatfamilieshaveonourhealth.Butjustasindividualproblemscanhaveeffectsonothers,asmallimprovementcanhavebigbenefits,Ferrersaid.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainwhyWangXiaoyufaintedinclass?A.Becauseherclassmatesoftenquarreledinclass.B.Becauseherparentsusedtoquarrel.C.Becauseofherdepressioncausedbybadfamilyrelations.D.Becauseherclassmatesshoutedloudlyather.5.AccordingtoDrFerrer,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Wegetsickorstaywellbyourselves.B.Onlythegeneswegetfromourfamilyhaveabigeffectonourhealth.C.Ourhealthhasnothingtodowithdiet,lifestyleandenvironment.D.Teenagerswhoareignoredathomegetsickmoreeasilythanthosewhoarenot.6.Theunderlinedword"coma"inParagraph2probablymeans________.Aembarrassment B.faint C.tiredness D.sadness7.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.Familyrelations. B.Thereasonswhywegetsick.C.Happyfamilymakesyouhealthy. D.Aresearchaboutteenagers'health.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。研究表明：家庭爭(zhēng)吵會(huì)使人得病，家庭問題對(duì)我們的健康有很大的影響。幸福的家庭使人健康?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段WangXiaoyu,aSenior2girlfromXichang,SichuanProvince,fainted(暈倒)inclasswhensheheardherclassmatesquarrelatthetopoftheirvoices.Quarrelsbetweenherparentsalsoputthegirlintoacoma.Itisbecausesheissufferingfromdepression,causedbybadrelationsathome,doctorsexplained.可知王曉雨聽到同學(xué)們高聲爭(zhēng)吵后暈倒，聽到父母的爭(zhēng)吵也昏迷，主要是她因?yàn)榧彝リP(guān)系不好而患有抑郁癥，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Ferrer'sresearchalsofoundthatifteenagersfeeltheyareignored(忽視)orunimportantathometheyaremorelikelytogetsick.可知Ferrer的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果青少年覺得他們?cè)诩依锉缓鲆暬蛘卟恢匾?，他們更容易生病。故選D。【6題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。上句提到王曉雨聽到同學(xué)們高聲爭(zhēng)吵后暈倒，劃線詞coma所在句子指父母之間的爭(zhēng)吵也會(huì)使女孩……。根據(jù)句中的also可知與上句意思一致，也應(yīng)該是暈倒之意，與faint同義，故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段提到家庭爭(zhēng)吵會(huì)使人得病，家庭問題對(duì)我們的健康有很大的影響。下文舉了王曉雨的例子說明了這一研究結(jié)果，研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)在家里被忽視的青少年比那些沒有被忽視的青少年更容易生病。文章最后呼吁改善家庭關(guān)系，增進(jìn)健康。全文都是圍繞家庭關(guān)系和健康之間的關(guān)系展開的，Happyfamilymakesyouhealthy.“幸福的家庭使你健康”概括了文章內(nèi)容，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選C。CBynow,mostpeopleknowtheyshouldbeeatingmorevegetables.Butaretherewaystogetmorefromthevegetablesyoualreadyeat?Aresearchshowsthatwhenitcomestovegetables,it’snotonlyhowmuchweeat,butalsohowwepreparethem,thatdecidesthevitaminsandothernutrientsthatenterourbody.Manystudiesshowthatpeoplewhoeatlotsofvegetableshavelessheartdisease,andeyeproblemsandevencancer.Butrawvegetablesarenotalwaysbest.Theresearchersfoundthat198Germanswhoeatrawfoodwereshortoflycopene,thematterfoundintomatoesandotherredvegetables.“Thereisanideathatrawfoodsarealwaysgoingtobebetter,”saysStevenK.Clinton,aprofessoratOhioStateUniversity.“Forfruitsandvegetables,sometimesalittlebitofcookingcanbehelpful.”Anumberoffactorsdecidehowthevegetablesdogoodtopeople’shealthbeforetheyreachthetable,includingwhereandhowtheyweregrownandstoredbeforebeingbought.Nosinglecookingwayisbest.Somenutrientsareeasilylostincookingiftheyarecookedindifferentways.VitaminsCandBareoftenlost.InJanuary,anotherreportsaidthatboilingwasbetterforcarrotsthanfryingorservingthemraw.Fryingwastheworstwaytocook.Whatcookedwiththevegetablescanalsobeimportant?Whenthevegetableswerecookedwithfat,thedinerscangetmorenutrients.Fatcanalsomakethetasteofvegetablesbetter,meaningthatpeoplewilleatmoreofthem.Puttingonsomeotherthingsthatmakeittastebetter—alittlesalt—canmakethefoodtastebetter.8.Thewritermainlywantstotellusthat________.A.peopleshouldeatmorevegetablesB.thewaypeopleeatvegetablesisimportantC.eatingvegetablesisgoodforusD.howmuchvegetablesoneshouldeat9.Thepeoplewhoeattherawvegetablesforalongtimewill________.A.havetheeyesproblems B.haveheartdiseaseC.beinneedoflycopene D.hateeatingtomatoes10.ThefollowingdecidehowthevegetablesdogoodtopeopleEXCEPT________.A.theplacewherethevegetablesaregrownB.thewayhowthevegetablesarestoredC.thewayhowthevegetablesarepreparedD.thepriceatwhichthevegetablearesold11.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanknow________.A.It’sbettertocookvegetableswithfatB.themorefatinthecooking,thefewervegetablespeoplewilleatC.It’sbettertocookthevegetableswithoutsaltD.thefatwillincreasethenutritionofthevegetables【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是決定蔬菜食用效果的一些影響因素以及推薦食用蔬菜的方法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Bynow,mostpeopleknowtheyshouldbeeatingmorevegetables.Butaretherewaystogetmorefromthevegetablesyoualreadyeat?Aresearchshowsthatwhenitcomestovegetables,it'snotonlyhowmuchweeat,butalsohowwepreparethem,thatdecidesthevitaminsandothernutrientsthatenterourbody.(到目前為止，大多數(shù)人都知道他們應(yīng)該多吃蔬菜。但是有沒有辦法從你已經(jīng)吃過的蔬菜中獲得更多呢？一項(xiàng)研究表明，當(dāng)涉及到蔬菜時(shí)，不僅是我們吃了多少，還有我們?nèi)绾螠?zhǔn)備它們，這決定了維生素和其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入我們的身體)”及文章最后一段“Whenthevegetableswerecookedwithfat,thedinerscangetmorenutrients.(當(dāng)蔬菜與脂肪一起烹飪時(shí)，食客可以獲得更多的營(yíng)養(yǎng))”可知文章說明了決定蔬菜食用效果的一些影響因素，和推薦食用蔬菜的方法。由此可推知，作者主要想告訴我們，人們食用蔬菜的方式很重要。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theresearchersfoundthat198Germanswhoeatrawfoodwereshortoflycopene,thematterfoundintomatoesandotherredvegetables.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，198名吃生食的德國(guó)人缺乏番茄紅素，這種物質(zhì)存在于西紅柿和其他紅色蔬菜中)”可知，長(zhǎng)期吃生蔬菜的人需要番茄紅素。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Aresearchshowsthatwhenitcomestovegetables,it'snotonlyhowmuchweeat,butalsohowwepreparethem,thatdecidesthevitaminsandothernutrientsthatenterourbody.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，說到蔬菜，不僅要看我們吃多少，還要看我們?nèi)绾螠?zhǔn)備蔬菜，這決定了進(jìn)入我們體內(nèi)的維生素和其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì))”可知蔬菜的制作方法將決定蔬菜是否對(duì)人有益；第三段“Anumberoffactorsdecidehowthevegetablesdogoodtopeople'shealthbeforetheyreachthetable,includingwhereandhowtheyweregrownandstoredbeforebeingbought.(有很多因素決定了這些蔬菜在進(jìn)入餐桌前對(duì)人們的健康有什么好處，包括它們?cè)诒毁?gòu)買之前的生長(zhǎng)地點(diǎn)和儲(chǔ)存方式)”可知蔬菜生長(zhǎng)的地方和蔬菜儲(chǔ)存的方式都能影響蔬菜的食用效果，文章沒有提到蔬菜的價(jià)格問題，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“thepriceatwhichthevegetablearesold(蔬菜的售價(jià))”不屬于影響因素。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenthevegetableswerecookedwithfat,thedinerscangetmorenutrients.(當(dāng)蔬菜與脂肪一起烹飪時(shí)，食客可以獲得更多的營(yíng)養(yǎng))”可知當(dāng)蔬菜和植物油一起烹飪時(shí)，就餐者可以獲得更多的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。由此可知，蔬菜最好和植物油一起煮。故選A項(xiàng)。DPeoplehavedifferentwaysofdealingwithacommoncoldSometakeoverthecountermedicinessuchasaspirinwhileotherstrypopularhomeremedies(治療)likeherbalteaorchickensoup.Yethereisthetoughtruthaboutthecommoncold:nothingreallycuresit.Sowhydopeoplesometimesbelievethattheirremedieswork?AccordingtoJamesTaylor,professorattheUniversityofWashington,coldsusuallygoawayontheirowninaboutaweek,improvingalittleeachdayaftersymptomspeak,soit'seasytobelieveit'smedicineratherthantimethatdeservesthecredit,USATodayreported.Itstillseemshardtobelievethatwecandealwithmoreseriousdiseasesyetarepowerlessagainstsomethingsocommonasacold.Recently,scientistscameclosertofigureoutwhy.Tounderstandit,youfirstneedtoknowhowantiviraldrugswork.Theyattackthevirusbyattachingtoandchangingthesurfacestructuresofthevirus.Todothat,thedrugmustfitandlockintothevirusliketherightpieceofajigsaw(拼圖),whichmeansscientistshavetoidentifythevirusandbuilda3Dmodeltostudyitssurfacebeforetheycandesignanantiviraldrugthatiseffectiveenough.Thetwocoldvirusesthatscientistshadlongknownaboutwererhinovirus(鼻病毒)AandB.Buttheydidn'tfindoutabouttheexistenceofathirdvirus,rhinovirusC,until2006.Allthreeofthemcontributetothecommoncold,butdrugsthatworkwellagainstrhinovirusAandBhavelittleeffectwhenusedagainstrhinovirusC.''Thisexplainsmostofthepreviousfailuresofdrugtrialsagainstrhinoviruses,''studyleaderProfessorAnnC.PalmenbergattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,US,toldScienceDaily.Now,morethan10yearsafterthediscoveryofrhinovirusC,scientistshavefinallybuiltahighlydetailed3Dmodelofthevirus,showingthatthesurfaceofthevirusis,asexpected,differentfromthatofothercoldviruses.Withthemodelinhand,hopefullyarealcureforacommoncoldisonitsway.Soon,wemaynolongerhavetowasteourmoneyonmedicinesthatdon'treallywork.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpopularremediesforacommoncold?A.Theyarequiteeffective. B.Theyareslightlyhelpful.C.Theyactuallyhavenoeffect. D.Theystillneedtobeimproved.13.Howdoantiviraldrugswork?A.Bybreakingupcoldvirusesdirectly.B.Bychangingthesurfacestructuresofthecoldviruses.C.Bypreventingcoldsfromdevelopingintoseriousdiseases.D.Byabsorbingdifferentkindsofcoldvirusesatthesametime.14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thesurfaceofcoldviruseslooksquitesimilar.B.Scientistshavealreadyfoundacureforthecommoncold.C.ScientistswerenotawareoftheexistenceofrhinovirusCuntilrecently.D.Knowingthestructureofcoldvirusesisthekeytodevelopinganeffectivecure.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Drugsagainstcoldviruses B.HelpfulhomeremediesC.Nocurrentcureforcommoncold D.Researchoncoldviruses【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了目前沒有真正能治愈普通感冒的事實(shí)，解釋了其科學(xué)原因，并且介紹了一種可能真正治愈普通感冒的模型。也許，人們很快就會(huì)有治愈感冒的方法?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Yethereisthetoughtruthaboutthecommoncold:nothingreallycuresit.”可知，然而，關(guān)于普通感冒有一個(gè)殘酷的事實(shí)：沒有什么方法能真正治愈它。由此推測(cè)，作者認(rèn)為普通感冒的流行療法沒有效果。C.Theyactuallyhavenoeffect.(它們實(shí)際上沒有什么效果)符合以上推測(cè)，故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Theyattackthevirusbyattachingtoandchangingthesurfacestructuresofthevirus．”可知，它們通過附著和改變病毒的表面結(jié)構(gòu)來攻擊病毒。由此可知，抗病毒藥物通過改變感冒病毒的表面結(jié)構(gòu)起作用。B.Bychangingthesurfacestructuresofthecoldviruses.(通過改變感冒病毒的表面結(jié)構(gòu))符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Todothat,thedrugmustfitandlockintothevirusliketherightpieceofajigsaw(拼圖),whichmeansscientistshavetoidentifythevirusandbuilda3-Dmodeltostudyitssurfacebeforetheycandesignanantiviraldrugthatiseffectiveenough.”可知，要做到這一點(diǎn)，這種藥物必須像拼圖游戲的正確部分一樣與病毒相匹配并鎖定病毒，這意味著科學(xué)家必須先識(shí)別病毒并建立一個(gè)三維模型來研究它的表面，然后才能設(shè)計(jì)出足夠有效的抗病毒藥物。由此可知，了解感冒病毒的結(jié)構(gòu)是開發(fā)有效治療方法的關(guān)鍵。D.Knowingthestructureofcoldvirusesisthekeytodevelopinganeffectivecure.(了解感冒病毒的結(jié)構(gòu)是開發(fā)有效治愈方法的關(guān)鍵)符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第一段的“Yethereisthetoughtruthaboutthecommoncold:nothingreallycuresit．”(然而，關(guān)于普通感冒有一個(gè)殘酷的事實(shí)：沒有什么方法能真正治愈它。)可知，文章主要介紹了目前沒有真正能治愈普通感冒的事實(shí)，解釋了其科學(xué)原因，并且介紹了一種可能真正治愈普通感冒的模型。也許，人們很快就會(huì)有治愈感冒的方法。C.Nocurrentcureforcommoncold(目前還沒有治愈普通感冒的方法)可以作為本文標(biāo)題，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行概括，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)七選五(共5個(gè)小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩處為多余選項(xiàng)。SimplewaystoimproveyourwrittenEnglishManypeoplethinkitisreallydifficulttoimprove(提高)theirwritinginEnglish.Don’tworry,though.HerearesomesimplestepsthatyoucantaketoimproveyourwrittenEnglish.●Increaseyourvocabulary.Toexpressyourselfclearly,youneedagoodactivevocabulary.That’snotjustbeingabletoknowlotsofwords—itmeansactuallybeingabletousethemcorrectly.___16___Tip:Whenyoulearnanewword,trytolearnalltheformsofthatword.●___17___Peopleoftensaythatwelearntowritebestbyreading.ReadinginEnglishisusefulinmanyways.Itisagreatwaytogetanideaofthedifferentstylesofwritingandseehowtousewordsproperly.Tip:___18___Learningshouldn’tbeboring.Readeachtextseveraltimestomakesureyouunderstandhowtousenewwordsandexpressionsinthetext.●Improveyourgrammar.Grammarisveryimportantbecauseitimprovesthequality(質(zhì)量)ofyourwriting.Tip:___19___Thefirsttime,lookforgeneralmistakesandthesecondtimelookformistakeswiththegrammarpointyouarestudyingatthemoment.●Justdoit!Thebestwaytoimproveyourwritingistogetapenandpaperandwrite.Bepreparedtowriteseveralversions(版本)ofeachtext.___20___A.Knowyourreaders.B.Readwidelyandoften.C.Alwayscheckyourwritingtwice.D.Remember,practicemakesperfect!E.Choosebooksorarticlesthatinterestyou.F.Usesimplerlanguageandshortersentencestoshowyourideas.G.Dothisbylearningnewwordswithexamplesentences,notjustwordlists.【答案】16.G17.B18.E19.C20.D【解析】【分析】這一篇應(yīng)用文。文章就如何提高英語寫作水平給出了三點(diǎn)建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Increaseyourvocabulary（增加你的詞匯量）及空前That’snotjustbeingabletoknowlotsofwords—itmeansactuallybeingabletousethemcorrectly.（這不僅僅是能夠知道很多單詞，這意味著能夠正確地使用它們）可知，G項(xiàng)Dothisbylearningnewwordswithexamplesentences,notjustwordlists.（通過例句學(xué)習(xí)新單詞，而不僅僅是單詞表）符合文意。選項(xiàng)G中的newwords與標(biāo)題中的vocabulary以及與上句中的lotsofwords呼應(yīng)，并且選項(xiàng)G中的doingthis可與usethemcorrectly形成指代關(guān)系。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)其它兩個(gè)小標(biāo)題的句式可知，此處應(yīng)填簡(jiǎn)短的祈使句。由第二段小標(biāo)題下的ReadinginEnglishisusefulinmanyways.（讀英語在很多方面是很有用的）可知，這個(gè)小標(biāo)題強(qiáng)調(diào)讀英語的重要性。由此可知，B項(xiàng)Readwidelyandoften（廣泛地讀與常讀）可與標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文Learningshouldn’tbeboring.（學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該是枯燥的）可知，這里應(yīng)是描寫英語讀的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)E中的interestyou（讓你感興趣的）可與下一句中的boring形成翻譯呼應(yīng)；由此可知，E項(xiàng)Choosebooksorarticlesthatinterestyou.（選擇你感興趣的書或文章）符合文意。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空后Thefirsttime,lookforgeneralmistakesandthesecondtimelookformistakeswiththegrammarpointyouarestudyingatthemoment.（第一次，找出一般的錯(cuò)誤，第二次，找出你正在學(xué)習(xí)的語法點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤）可知，此處指寫完后要檢查兩遍。由此可知，C項(xiàng)Alwayscheckyourwritingtwice.（經(jīng)常檢查你的寫作兩次）符合文意。選項(xiàng)C中的“twice”可與其中的“Thefirsttime…thesecondtime”呼應(yīng)，故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前Bepreparedtowriteseveralversions(版本)ofeachtext.（準(zhǔn)備好寫幾遍的打算）及本段的小標(biāo)題Justdoit!（就這么干吧?。┛芍?，D項(xiàng)Remember,practicemakesperfect!（記住，熟能生巧）與多練習(xí)前后呼應(yīng)。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】七選五題目主要考查學(xué)生綜合的英語邏輯思維能力。一篇好的短文，不僅在內(nèi)容上要前后一致，而且還要語篇結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，上下文邏輯意義嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。內(nèi)容的前后一致體現(xiàn)在段內(nèi)及語篇內(nèi)話題的自然過渡。語篇結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)為：文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，還是按時(shí)間或空間順序發(fā)展的，還是辯證三段論的編排的。邏輯意義的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)最主要的可以通過代詞、連詞和副詞等形式來體現(xiàn)。我們做題時(shí)優(yōu)先選擇句式以及上下詞之間的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。這篇短文是帶有小標(biāo)題的文章，根據(jù)句式以及小標(biāo)題與小標(biāo)題內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)是重要的解題原則。例如根據(jù)小標(biāo)題句式特點(diǎn)，我們很快可以鎖定第二題的答案應(yīng)該在AB之間，再根據(jù)內(nèi)容一致性確定答案。第四題是明顯的時(shí)間詞語的呼應(yīng)，第一題，第三題是詞匯上下呼應(yīng)。第五題是意思呼應(yīng)。所以我們一般以呼應(yīng)關(guān)系或句式確定答案，再以內(nèi)容一致性驗(yàn)證答案。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mygrandparentsactivelypracticedsimplicity.Theybothgrewupinverylargefamiliesand____21____theGreatDepression.Savingforarainydaywastheirlifephilosophy.Theychosetospendreally____22____lifetogetherwiththeirfamilyratherthanseeking____23____throughmaterialitems.Overtheyearsmygrandparentshavenoticed____24____changesintheircommunity.Everyyearmorefarmlandwas____25____tobuildlargerandlargerhomes.Asrealestate(地產(chǎn))pricesrose,manyoftheirneighbors____26____theirlittlehomesandland.Soontheirswas____27____littlehousesurroundedbytheseaofmansions.Lotsoffamilymembers____28____mygrandparentstoexpandtheirlittleoldhouse.Buttheydidn’twantabiggerone.Theylovedtheirlittlehouseandwere____29____withwhattheyhad.Theyalso_____30_____everything.Forinstance,theyhaddriventhesamecarforover15yearsanddidn’tbuyanewoneuntiltheoldChevroletwas_____31_____.Throughtheirexample,Ilearnedanimportant_____32_____:itispossibletoliveasimplelife.Mygrandparentstaughtmethatlivingasimplelifeisn’taboutself-deprivation(自我犧牲)._____33_____,it’saboutgivingyourselfthetime,freedomandmoneytopursueyourdreams.Becomingdebtfree,livingina_____34_____building,andgoingoutonfootaregoodwaysto_____35_____yourlifeandstartpursuingyourdreams.21.A.ignored B.livedthrough C.accomplished D.passedup22.A.elegant B.wealthy C.plain D.casual23.A.patience B.security C.passion D.satisfaction24.A.slight B.steady C.sharp D.sudden25.A.discovered B.protected C.watered D.destroyed26.A.bought B.sold C.rented D.decorated27.A.thefirst B.thesame C.theonly D.thevery28.A.forced B.encouraged C.commanded D.assisted29.A.bored B.disappointed C.familiar D.content30.A.recreated B.reused C.reformed D.replaced31.A.runout B.givenout C.triedout D.wornout32.A.lesson B.skill C.rule D.course33.A.Still B.Instead C.Besides D.Furthermore34.A.new B.green C.small D.large35.A.takecontrolof B.catchupwith C.makeupfor D.lookforwardto【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.C25.D26.B27.C28.B29.D30.B31.D32.A33.B34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的祖父母簡(jiǎn)樸的生活方式，教會(huì)了作者一個(gè)教訓(xùn)：簡(jiǎn)單的生活并不是犧牲自我，相反，是給自己時(shí)間，自由和金錢去追求夢(mèng)想。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們都在大家庭中長(zhǎng)大，并經(jīng)歷了大蕭條時(shí)期。A.ignored忽視；B.livedthrough度過，經(jīng)受過；C.accomplished完成；D.passedup錯(cuò)過，放棄。根據(jù)“theGreatDepression”和下文“Savingforarainydaywastheirlifephilosophy.”可知，他們都經(jīng)歷過大蕭條時(shí)期，生活簡(jiǎn)樸。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們選擇與家人一起度過真正簡(jiǎn)單的生活，而不是通過物質(zhì)來尋求滿足。A.elegant優(yōu)雅的；B.wealthy富有的；C.plain簡(jiǎn)單的；D.casual隨意的。根據(jù)上文“Mygrandparentsactivelypracticedsimplicity.”可知，祖父母選擇和家人一起過簡(jiǎn)單的生活。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.patience耐心；B.security安全；C.passion激情；D.satisfaction滿意。根據(jù)“Mygrandparentsactivelypracticedsimplicity.”和“throughmaterialitems”可知，他們?cè)敢膺^簡(jiǎn)單的生活而不是通過物質(zhì)來尋求滿足。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，我的祖父母注意到了他們社區(qū)的急劇變化。A.slight輕微的；B.steady穩(wěn)定的；C.sharp急劇的；D.sudden突然的。根據(jù)下文“Everyyearmorefarmlandwas____5____tobuildlargerandlargerhomes.”可知，社區(qū)發(fā)生了急劇變化。故選C。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每年都有更多的農(nóng)田被摧毀，以建造越來越大的房屋。A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.protected保護(hù)；C.watered澆水；D.destroyed破壞。根據(jù)“tobuildlargerandlargerhomes.”可知，因?yàn)榻ㄔ旆课?，農(nóng)田被破壞。故選D。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格的上漲，他們的許多鄰居賣掉了他們的小房子和土地。A.bought買；B.sold賣；C.rented租用；D.decorated裝飾。根據(jù)“Asrealestate(地產(chǎn))pricesrose”可知，鄰居賣掉了他們的小房子和土地給房地產(chǎn)商。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：很快，他們的房子就成了被大廈海洋包圍的唯一的小房子。A.thefirst第一的；B.thesame同樣的；C.theonly唯一的；D.thevery非常。根據(jù)“Theylovedtheirlittlehouse”可知，他們不愿意賣掉小房子，因此他們的房子就成了唯一一所被大廈包圍的小房子。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多家庭成員都鼓勵(lì)我的祖父母擴(kuò)建他們的小房子。A.forced強(qiáng)迫；B.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；C.commanded命令；D.assisted幫助。根據(jù)“Buttheydidn’twantabiggerone.”可知，家庭成員鼓勵(lì)祖父母擴(kuò)建小房子。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們喜歡他們的小房子，對(duì)他們所擁有的一切感到滿意。A.bored無聊的；B.disappointed失望的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.content滿意的。根據(jù)“Theylovedtheirlittlehouse”可知，他們喜歡自己的小房子，因此推斷他們對(duì)自己擁有的一切感到滿足。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們還重復(fù)利用所有的東西。A.recreated重新創(chuàng)造，消遣；B.reused重復(fù)使用；C.reformed改革；D.replaced代替。根據(jù)“Forinstance,theyhaddriventhesamecarforover15years”可知，他們重復(fù)使用所有的東西。故選B。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：例如，他們開同一輛車已經(jīng)超過15年了，直到那輛舊雪佛蘭壞了才買新車。A.runout用完，耗盡；B.givenout分發(fā)；C.triedout試驗(yàn)；D.wornout用壞。根據(jù)“didn’tbuyanewoneuntil”可知，直到舊雪佛蘭壞了才買新車。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過他們的榜樣，我學(xué)到了重要的一課：過簡(jiǎn)單的生活是可能的。A.lesson課，教訓(xùn)；B.skill技巧；C.rule規(guī)則；D.course課程。根據(jù)“Mygrandparentstaughtmethatlivingasimplelifeisn’taboutself-deprivation(自我犧牲).”可知，通過他們的例子，作者學(xué)到了重要的教訓(xùn)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，要給自己時(shí)間、自由和金錢去追求夢(mèng)想。A.Still仍然；B.Instead代替，反而；C.Besides此外；D.Furthermore此外，而且。上文提到“過簡(jiǎn)單的生活并不意味著自我剝奪”，下文提到“要給自己時(shí)間、自由和金錢去追求夢(mèng)想”，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有債務(wù)，住在小房子里，步行出去，這些都是控制自己生活和開始追求夢(mèng)想的好方法。A.new新的；B.green綠色的；C.small小的；D.large大的。根據(jù)“Theylovedtheirlittlehouse”可知，祖父母住在小房子里。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意同上。A.takecontrolof控制；B.catchupwith追上，趕上；C.makeupfor彌補(bǔ)；D.lookforwardto期待。根據(jù)上文“Becomingdebtfree”和“startpursuingyourdreams”可知，是掌控自己的生活。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IfeltbutterfliesinmystomachwhenIstartedcalligraphyclasstenyearsago.IwonderedwhatIwasdoingthere.Atthatmoment,Icouldn’thaveknownthatI’djustmadeoneofthebest_____36_____(choose)ofmylife.Isatdownandlistenedtotheteacher_____37_____(introduce)thetoolsofthecraft.Thenitwastimeformetotrymyhand:Itookupthebrush,usingthecorrectgesture,____38____(dip)itintheink,andcarefullywrote“one”_____39_____Chinese.Afternearlyfi