【高二 拓展閱讀-健康】Drowning Difficult to Call for Help

Drowning:DifficulttoCallforHelpEachoneofusknowswaterthatgivesuslifeisalsocapableoftakingitawayfromusEachyearhundredsandthousandsofpeoplediebecauseofdrowning（75550）.Childrenaremoresusceptibletodrowning.So，itisimportanttokeepaneyeonthemalwaysandlookforanysignsofdrowning.Drowningisoneofthosetypesofexperiencesthatmanypeoplefearthemost，andonethatmostparentsfeartheirchildwillfallvictimto.Contrarytopopularbelief，drowningdoesn'thappenlikeitdoesinthecinema.Whilemediadepictionsoftenincludealoudviolentstruggle，thetruthisthatanasphyxiated（窒息的）personcanseldomcallforhelp.Drowningstatisticsarequitedisturbing.Thequestionis--whytherateofdeathsduetodrowningissoalarmingly（驚人的）high？Thisisexactlywhatweintendtofindoutinthislistoffoursurprisingfactsaboutdrowning.1.Aboutoneinfivepeoplewhodiefromdrowningarechildren14andyounger.Foreverychildwhodiesfromdrowning，anotherfivereceiveemergencydepartmentcarefornonfatalsubmersion（淹沒(méi)）injuries.2.Drowninginsaltwaterusuallytakeslonger.Whenadrowningpersoninhalessaltwater，thesaltconcentrationinlungsincreases.Itisthenthatwaterfrombloodrushesintothelungstodilutethesaltwater.Asaresult，thebloodthickensWhenthebloodthickensheartcomesunderpressureandcausescardiacarrest（心臟停搏）.Thistakesabout8to10minutes.Thisiswhyitiseasiertorescuepeopledrowninginsaltwaterlikeseaoroceanbecauserescuersgetenoughtimetopreventcardiacarrestbyhydrating（給…供給水分）withfreshwater.3.Itisnotreallyeasytorecogniseadrowningperson.Weseeinmoviesthatadrowningpersonshoutsandyellsandcallsforhelpwhilethrowingoutarmsandlegsinallpossibledirections.THATISBOGUSANDUNTRUE！Whyisitso？Ourrespiratorysystemisdesignedtofirstbreatheandthengeneratespeech.Sospeechissecondary.Sowhenapersondrowns，hisorhermouthusuallysinksbelowthewatersurfaceandthenresurfacesinveryshortsuccessions.4.Onedoesnotneedanenormousamountofwatertodrown.Contrarytothepopularbeliefthatdrowningmeansgettingsubmergedinlargewaterbodiesdrowningcanactuallyhappeninaslittleas30mmofwater.Drowningactuallymeansapersonlyinginwateroranyliquidwithfacedownanddyingbecauseofwater（orliquid）.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle？A.Onedoesnotneedanenormousamountofwatertodrown.B.Thereasonwhytherateofdeathsduetodrowningissoalarminglyhigh.C.Itisnotreallyeasytorecogniseadrowningperson.D.EachyearLargenumbersofpeoplediebecauseofdrowning.2.Contrarytowhatwasdepictedinmedia,adrowningperson________.A.cancallloudforhelp.B.canstruggleviolently.C.canseldomcallforhelp.Dcansurvivebyholdinghisbreath.3.Wheredoesdrowningusuallytakelonger?A.Inthepond.B.Intheriver.C.Inthesea.D.Inthelake.4.Adrowningpersoncallingforhelpisthoughttobebogusbecause________.A.hismouthresurfacesforatimeonlylongenoughforabreath.B.hismouthsinksbelowthesurfaceofwaterandneverresurfaces.C.whathedoesisnotenoughforpeopletorecognisehim.D.whathedoesallowsenoughtimeforpeopletorescuehim.5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleonlygetdrownedinlargewaterbodies.B.Peopleonlygetdrownedwhenlyinginwater.C.Onecangetdrownedwithaverysmallamountofwater.D.Childrenaremoresusceptibletodrowning.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞fearn./v.害怕，恐懼記聯(lián)想記憶：f+ear（耳朵）危言聳聽(tīng)→害怕，恐懼搭havenothingtofearfromsth/sb不必懼怕某物/人forfearofsth/doingsth唯恐（做）某事，憂(yōu)慮（做）某事withfear害怕strugglen.斗爭(zhēng)，拼搏；努力；難事；掙扎ν.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力；掙扎英ahardfightinwhichpeopletrytoobtainorachievesth搭thestrugglebetweengoodandevil善惡之爭(zhēng)statisticn.[常pl.]數(shù)據(jù)；統(tǒng)計(jì)；統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料記聯(lián)想記憶：stat（看作state，國(guó)家）+istic國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明→統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況記聯(lián)想記憶：緊急情況（emergency）出現(xiàn)（emerge）搭anemergencymeasure一項(xiàng)緊急措施anemergencyoperation臺(tái)急診手術(shù)rescuen./vt.援救，營(yíng)救英tosavesb/sthfromadangerousorharmfulsituation記聯(lián)想記憶：res（看作rest，休息）+cue（線(xiàn)索）→救援人員放棄休息尋找線(xiàn)索→援救，營(yíng)救例Survivorsofthecaraccidentwererescuedbythelocalpolicemen.車(chē)禍的生還者得到了當(dāng)?shù)鼐降木仍?。yellvi.大叫；呼喊；吼叫n.叫聲；喊聲記聯(lián)想記憶：ye（看作yes）+（想象成高高舉起的雙臂）→高舉雙臂，高呼“Yes”→大叫；呼喊搭yellout叫喊；吼叫sinkvi.下沉；沉沒(méi)n.水池，水槽，洗碗池英to（causesthorsbto）fallormovetoalowerlevel記聯(lián)想記憶：沉（sink）到墨水里（ink）enormousadj.巨大的，龐大的英extremelylarge記詞根記憶：e（出）+norm（規(guī)則）+ous（···的）→超出規(guī)則的→巨大的搭faceanenormousproblem面臨著一個(gè)巨大的難題Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞capableadj.有能力的；能夠的記詞根記憶：cap（抓?。?able（能…的）→能抓得住的→有能力的搭becapableof.有…能力的，能…的susceptibleadj.易受感染的；易受影響的；過(guò)敏的；感情豐富的；能經(jīng)受…的，容許…的記詞根記憶：sus（表加強(qiáng)）+cept（抓）+ible（能…的）容易被抓住的→易受影響的搭besusceptibleto易受…的影響；對(duì)…過(guò)敏depictionn.描寫(xiě)，敘述例Theyobjecttothebook'sdepictionofFrenchsocietyinthe1930s.他們反對(duì)這本書(shū)對(duì)20世紀(jì)30年代法國(guó)社會(huì)的描寫(xiě)。intendv.想要，打算英tohaveaplanorpurposeinyourmindwhenyoudosth記詞根記憶：in（使…）+tend（伸展）使（想法）伸展→想要，打算例Iintendtoprovetoyouwhythosepeoplewerewrong.我要證明給你看為什么那些人錯(cuò)了inhalev.吸入，吸氣記詞根記憶：in（進(jìn)）+ha（呼吸）+e→吸進(jìn)氣→吸氣例Sometimespeoplehavetoinhalesecondhandsmoke.有時(shí)候，人們不得不吸入二手煙。diluteadj.沖淡的，稀釋的vt.沖淡，稀釋?zhuān)坏魅跤omakealiquidweakerbymixinginsthelse記詞根記憶：d（分開(kāi)）+lut（沖洗）+e→（用水）沖洗開(kāi)→沖淡，稀釋cardiacadj.心臟的；心臟病的記詞根記憶：c