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南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)《微生物學(xué)》試題I
注:1.答題前,請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)確、清楚地填各項(xiàng),涂改及模糊不清者、試卷作廢。
2.試卷若有雷同以零分計(jì)。
一、名詞解釋(6x5):
1.Co1ony菌落
2.Virus病毒
3.Biogeochemicalcycle
4.Medium培養(yǎng)基
5.Tansduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)
6.Mycorhiza菌根
二、問(wèn)答題(70分)
l.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweengram-positiveandGram-
negativebacteria?(5分)
什么是重要差異在革蘭氏陽(yáng)性之間,革蘭陰性菌?
2.Distinguishbetween(a)phototrophsandchemotrophs,(b)Lithotro
phsandorganotrophs.(4分)
區(qū)分(一個(gè))光能營(yíng)養(yǎng)型,化能營(yíng)養(yǎng),(b淋巴細(xì)胞)無(wú)機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)生物,有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)菌。
3.Yeastcangrowbothunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions.Whatisthe
differenceinenergyproduction?(8分)酵母能在需氧的,厭氧條件下增長(zhǎng)。有什么
不同在能源生產(chǎn)?
4.Drawatypicalbacteriagrowthcurve.Exp1aineachphase.(8分)Inwhat
circumstanee,fi1trationandpasteurizationmethodsareuseful?(6分)IS]
一個(gè)典型細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)曲線。說(shuō)明每個(gè)相。(8分)在什么環(huán)境,過(guò)濾,巴氏消毒法方法有用?
5.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasoilsamp1e,whichmethodis
thebest?Listtheprocedures.(10分)要擬定一個(gè)土壤樣品的
可行的計(jì)數(shù),哪種方法是最佳的嗎?列出的程序。
6.Thedonorbacterialce11inatransformationisprobab1ydead.Ex
plainwhy.(2分)
7.Whatarethero1esofacloningvector,restrictionenzymes,andD
NAligaseinmolecularcloning?(6分)在分子克隆的克隆載
體,限制性內(nèi)切酶和DNA連接酶的作用是什么?
8.Whatdoestheterm“antagonism^^means?Explaintheusefulnessinbi
o1ogicalcontro1.(4分)
9.ExplainthefollowingtermsinRhizobium-legumesymbiosis:infection,
hostspecificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.Howtoeva1uatethesy
mbioticeffectivenessingreen-house?(10分)在豆科根瘤菌共生的
感染,宿主特異性,效益,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。溫室共生效益如
何評(píng)價(jià)?
10.Listthetaxonomichierarchyofc1assification.(7分)
的分類層次。
《微生物學(xué)》試題II
本試題一共2道大題,共2頁(yè),滿分100分??荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。
總分題號(hào)一二三四11.六匕八九十
閱卷人題分
核分人得分
注:1.答題前,請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)確、清楚地填各項(xiàng),涂改及模糊不清者、試卷作廢。
2.試卷若有雷同以零分計(jì)。
一、名詞解釋(6x5):
1.Bacterialchemotaxis細(xì)菌的趨化作用
2.Lichen地衣
3.Chemoorganotroph化能有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)生物
4.Colony菌落
5.Biogeochemicalcycle生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)
6.Conjugation接合
二、問(wèn)答題(70分)
1.Whataretheuniquefeaturesofmicroorganismsgram-positive?(10分)
2.WhydoesGram-stainingprocedurestainsomebacteriapurple-violet
andothersred?(10分)
3.Exp1aintheterm“medium”,whatisthepurposetomakeaselective
medium?(10分)
4.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasoilsample,whichmethodist
hebest?Listtheprocedures.(8分)
5.Whataretherolesofacloningvector,restrictionenzymeandDNALig
aseinmo1ecu1arc1oning?(12分)
6.ExplainthefbllowingtermsinRhizobium-1egumesymbiosis:inf
ection,hostspecificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.Howtoeva1uate
thesymbioticeffectivenessingreen-house?(20分)
復(fù)習(xí)題
Questions-1
1.Whataretheuniquefeaturesofmicroorganism?
2.Listsevera1app1iedareasofmicrobiology.Describetheimpo
rtanceofmicroorganismsineachoftheseapp1iedfields.
3.Discussthedifferencesbetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticce11s.
4.Whataresomemajordifferencesbetweengram-positiveandGram-ne
gativebacteria.
5.Drawatypicalbacterialcellandidentifyallparts.
6.Definethefoilowingterms
Archaea古菌,flagellum鞭毛,bacteria1chemotaxis細(xì)菌的趨化作用,capsu
1e莢膜,spore抱子,cystmesosomep1asmid質(zhì)粒,simplestaining簡(jiǎn)樸
染色,Gramstaining革蘭氏染色,colony菌落,lyticbacteriaphage噬菌體裂解,
Viruse,HIV,SARS,pseudopodia偽足,cyanobacteria藍(lán)細(xì)菌,Algaeprotozo
a,Lichen地衣,mycorrhiza菌根,yeast酵母菌,mold霉菌,fungi真菌.
7.Listthesexualsporesandasexua1sporesoffungi.
8.WhatistheuniqueabouttheclassDeuteromycetes,makingitdifferent
fromotherclassesoffungi?
Questions-2
1.Whatarethenutrientsthatmicroorganismsrequire?Andwhat
arethefunetionsofthesenutrients?
2.Distinguishbetween(a)phototrophsandchemotrophs,(b)Lithotrophs
andorganotrophs,and(c)autotrophsandheterotrophs.
3.Explaintheterm"medium”.Whatisthepurposeofmakeaselective
medium?
4.Underwhatcircumstancemightyouwishtousesilicalgelas
asolidifyingagentforaculturemedium?
5.Yeastcangrowbothunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions.
Whatisthedifferenceinenergyproduction.
6.Describetheprocessofpassivediffusion.
7.Howispassivediffusiondifferentiatedfromfacilitateddiffusion?
8.Howisgr0uptrans1ocationsimilart0anddifferentfromactive
transportofsolutes?
Questions-3
1.Exp1ainthefollowingterms:
gr0wth,purecu1ture,continuousculture,batchcuIture,synchronous
growth,sterilization,disinfection,antisepsis,optimumtemperalure,
generationtime,acidophile,facultativeanaerobe.
2.Describethemethodsforisolatingpurecu1ture.
3.Differentiatethebatehcultureandcontinuousculture,Indicatetheir
advantagesanddisadvantages.
4.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasolidsample,whichmethodis
thebest?Listtheprocedures.
5.Inwhatcircumstance,filtrationandpasteurizationmethodsareuseful?
6.Drawatypica1bacteriagrowthcurve.Explaineachphase.
Questions4
1.Exp1ainthefollowingterms
Auxotroph,Genotype,phenotype,genome,mutant,mutagen,point
mutation,DNArecombination,conjugation,transduction,transformation,
Cioningvector,mo1ecu1arcloning,polymeraseChainreaction,spo
ntenousmutation,competence
2.Describethephenotypicchangesduetogenemutation
3.Describetheproceduresofreplicaplatingtechniqueforisolationof
mutants.
4.Thedonorbacterialcel1inatransformationisprobablydead.Explain
why.
5.Inconjugation,howaredonorandrecipientcellsbroughtintocontactwit
heachother?
6.Whataretherolesofacioningvector,restrictionenzymes,and
DNAligaseinmolecu1arcloning?
7.WhataretheadvantagesofusingplasmidPBR322asacloningvector?
Questions—5
1.Explainthenfollwingterms
Biogeochemicalcycle,Rhizosphere,Neutralism,Mutualism,Commensalism,
Compelition,Parasitism,Predation,Denitrification,Nitrification,Nitr
ogenase,Leghemog1obin,PGPR
2.Innitrogeneye1e,whatarethemicroorganismsandtheirfunc
tionsinthetransformationofnitrogenforms?
3.Whatdoestheterm"antagonism“means?ExplaintheusefuI
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