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南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)《微生物學(xué)》試題I

注:1.答題前,請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)確、清楚地填各項(xiàng),涂改及模糊不清者、試卷作廢。

2.試卷若有雷同以零分計(jì)。

一、名詞解釋(6x5):

1.Co1ony菌落

2.Virus病毒

3.Biogeochemicalcycle

4.Medium培養(yǎng)基

5.Tansduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)

6.Mycorhiza菌根

二、問(wèn)答題(70分)

l.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweengram-positiveandGram-

negativebacteria?(5分)

什么是重要差異在革蘭氏陽(yáng)性之間,革蘭陰性菌?

2.Distinguishbetween(a)phototrophsandchemotrophs,(b)Lithotro

phsandorganotrophs.(4分)

區(qū)分(一個(gè))光能營(yíng)養(yǎng)型,化能營(yíng)養(yǎng),(b淋巴細(xì)胞)無(wú)機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)生物,有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)菌。

3.Yeastcangrowbothunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions.Whatisthe

differenceinenergyproduction?(8分)酵母能在需氧的,厭氧條件下增長(zhǎng)。有什么

不同在能源生產(chǎn)?

4.Drawatypicalbacteriagrowthcurve.Exp1aineachphase.(8分)Inwhat

circumstanee,fi1trationandpasteurizationmethodsareuseful?(6分)IS]

一個(gè)典型細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)曲線。說(shuō)明每個(gè)相。(8分)在什么環(huán)境,過(guò)濾,巴氏消毒法方法有用?

5.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasoilsamp1e,whichmethodis

thebest?Listtheprocedures.(10分)要擬定一個(gè)土壤樣品的

可行的計(jì)數(shù),哪種方法是最佳的嗎?列出的程序。

6.Thedonorbacterialce11inatransformationisprobab1ydead.Ex

plainwhy.(2分)

7.Whatarethero1esofacloningvector,restrictionenzymes,andD

NAligaseinmolecularcloning?(6分)在分子克隆的克隆載

體,限制性內(nèi)切酶和DNA連接酶的作用是什么?

8.Whatdoestheterm“antagonism^^means?Explaintheusefulnessinbi

o1ogicalcontro1.(4分)

9.ExplainthefollowingtermsinRhizobium-legumesymbiosis:infection,

hostspecificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.Howtoeva1uatethesy

mbioticeffectivenessingreen-house?(10分)在豆科根瘤菌共生的

感染,宿主特異性,效益,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。溫室共生效益如

何評(píng)價(jià)?

10.Listthetaxonomichierarchyofc1assification.(7分)

的分類層次。

《微生物學(xué)》試題II

本試題一共2道大題,共2頁(yè),滿分100分??荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。

總分題號(hào)一二三四11.六匕八九十

閱卷人題分

核分人得分

注:1.答題前,請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)確、清楚地填各項(xiàng),涂改及模糊不清者、試卷作廢。

2.試卷若有雷同以零分計(jì)。

一、名詞解釋(6x5):

1.Bacterialchemotaxis細(xì)菌的趨化作用

2.Lichen地衣

3.Chemoorganotroph化能有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)生物

4.Colony菌落

5.Biogeochemicalcycle生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)

6.Conjugation接合

二、問(wèn)答題(70分)

1.Whataretheuniquefeaturesofmicroorganismsgram-positive?(10分)

2.WhydoesGram-stainingprocedurestainsomebacteriapurple-violet

andothersred?(10分)

3.Exp1aintheterm“medium”,whatisthepurposetomakeaselective

medium?(10分)

4.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasoilsample,whichmethodist

hebest?Listtheprocedures.(8分)

5.Whataretherolesofacloningvector,restrictionenzymeandDNALig

aseinmo1ecu1arc1oning?(12分)

6.ExplainthefbllowingtermsinRhizobium-1egumesymbiosis:inf

ection,hostspecificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.Howtoeva1uate

thesymbioticeffectivenessingreen-house?(20分)

復(fù)習(xí)題

Questions-1

1.Whataretheuniquefeaturesofmicroorganism?

2.Listsevera1app1iedareasofmicrobiology.Describetheimpo

rtanceofmicroorganismsineachoftheseapp1iedfields.

3.Discussthedifferencesbetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticce11s.

4.Whataresomemajordifferencesbetweengram-positiveandGram-ne

gativebacteria.

5.Drawatypicalbacterialcellandidentifyallparts.

6.Definethefoilowingterms

Archaea古菌,flagellum鞭毛,bacteria1chemotaxis細(xì)菌的趨化作用,capsu

1e莢膜,spore抱子,cystmesosomep1asmid質(zhì)粒,simplestaining簡(jiǎn)樸

染色,Gramstaining革蘭氏染色,colony菌落,lyticbacteriaphage噬菌體裂解,

Viruse,HIV,SARS,pseudopodia偽足,cyanobacteria藍(lán)細(xì)菌,Algaeprotozo

a,Lichen地衣,mycorrhiza菌根,yeast酵母菌,mold霉菌,fungi真菌.

7.Listthesexualsporesandasexua1sporesoffungi.

8.WhatistheuniqueabouttheclassDeuteromycetes,makingitdifferent

fromotherclassesoffungi?

Questions-2

1.Whatarethenutrientsthatmicroorganismsrequire?Andwhat

arethefunetionsofthesenutrients?

2.Distinguishbetween(a)phototrophsandchemotrophs,(b)Lithotrophs

andorganotrophs,and(c)autotrophsandheterotrophs.

3.Explaintheterm"medium”.Whatisthepurposeofmakeaselective

medium?

4.Underwhatcircumstancemightyouwishtousesilicalgelas

asolidifyingagentforaculturemedium?

5.Yeastcangrowbothunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions.

Whatisthedifferenceinenergyproduction.

6.Describetheprocessofpassivediffusion.

7.Howispassivediffusiondifferentiatedfromfacilitateddiffusion?

8.Howisgr0uptrans1ocationsimilart0anddifferentfromactive

transportofsolutes?

Questions-3

1.Exp1ainthefollowingterms:

gr0wth,purecu1ture,continuousculture,batchcuIture,synchronous

growth,sterilization,disinfection,antisepsis,optimumtemperalure,

generationtime,acidophile,facultativeanaerobe.

2.Describethemethodsforisolatingpurecu1ture.

3.Differentiatethebatehcultureandcontinuousculture,Indicatetheir

advantagesanddisadvantages.

4.Todeterminetheviablecountsofasolidsample,whichmethodis

thebest?Listtheprocedures.

5.Inwhatcircumstance,filtrationandpasteurizationmethodsareuseful?

6.Drawatypica1bacteriagrowthcurve.Explaineachphase.

Questions4

1.Exp1ainthefollowingterms

Auxotroph,Genotype,phenotype,genome,mutant,mutagen,point

mutation,DNArecombination,conjugation,transduction,transformation,

Cioningvector,mo1ecu1arcloning,polymeraseChainreaction,spo

ntenousmutation,competence

2.Describethephenotypicchangesduetogenemutation

3.Describetheproceduresofreplicaplatingtechniqueforisolationof

mutants.

4.Thedonorbacterialcel1inatransformationisprobablydead.Explain

why.

5.Inconjugation,howaredonorandrecipientcellsbroughtintocontactwit

heachother?

6.Whataretherolesofacioningvector,restrictionenzymes,and

DNAligaseinmolecu1arcloning?

7.WhataretheadvantagesofusingplasmidPBR322asacloningvector?

Questions—5

1.Explainthenfollwingterms

Biogeochemicalcycle,Rhizosphere,Neutralism,Mutualism,Commensalism,

Compelition,Parasitism,Predation,Denitrification,Nitrification,Nitr

ogenase,Leghemog1obin,PGPR

2.Innitrogeneye1e,whatarethemicroorganismsandtheirfunc

tionsinthetransformationofnitrogenforms?

3.Whatdoestheterm"antagonism“means?ExplaintheusefuI

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