2023年考研外語(yǔ)模擬試卷15

考研外語(yǔ)模擬試卷15

一、UseofEnglish

1、Forthosewhoregardtheal-JazeeraTVchannelasabiased,

anti-westernmouthpieceforOsamabinLaden,theannouncement

thatitwillstartbroadcasting24hoursadayinEnglishnext

yearwillbeunwelcome.ItslikeliestaudienceisMusiims

(1)theMiddleEastwhodonotspeakArabic.Will

al-Jazeera,sreportsofsufferingandrageinIraqandbeyond

inspireanger(2)_____Americaandits(3)athome,too?

Thenewservicemayproveabitless(4)thanitsArabic

sibling.NigelParsons,itsmanagingeditor,saysthat

al-Jazeerahasbeentoostridenton(5)inthepast,and

thattheEnglishchannelwill(6)toredressthat.Itwill

strive(7)balance,credibilityandauthority,hesays,

anditwillsignalanewmaturityforal-Jazeera,whichwas

startedbytheemirofQatarin1996.

Itwillbroadcastitsownoriginalcontent一news,

documentariesandtalkshows一(8)studiosinDoha,London

andWashington,(9)internationalnewsbeyondtheMiddle

East,especiallythedevelopingcountriesoften(10)by

existingEnglish-languagechannels.

Al-Jazeeraisalreadyenjoyingafreshburstof(11)

outsidetheMiddleEast.Aroundthesametimethattheinterim

governmentinIraqorderedittoshutitsbureauinBaghdad,

westernersstartedwatching"ControlRoom”,afilmsympathetic

(12)thestationdirectedbyJehaneNoujaim.Ata

screeninginLondonlastweekanaudienceoflocaljournalists

laughedalong(13)al-Jazeera，sreportersandeditors

(14)the(15)oftheAmericanmilitary.

Thebiggestmysteryaboutal-Jazeerasurrounditsfunding,

which"ControlRoom"sadlydidnot(16).Qatarhasanew

(17)intheworld(18)tothestation.Thatmaybe

whytheemiriswillingtospend(19)anEnglish-language

channeleven(20)theoriginalArabiconeisprobably

losingmoney.

A.outside

B.inside

C.in

D.out

2、(2)

A.on

B.at

C.with

D.against

3、⑶

A.enemies

B.partners

C.allies

D.supporters

4、(4)

A.contentious

B.controversial

C.competitive

D.competent

5、(5)

A.circumstance

B.occasion

C.time

D.events

6、(6)

A.seek

B.look

C.aim

D.search

43

7、(7)

A.to

B.on

C.at

D.for

8、(8)

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.from

9、⑼

A.dealing

B.containing

C.covering

D.involving

10、(10)

A.forgotten

B.neglected

C.deserted

D.disregarded

11、(H)

A.interest

4

B.notice

C.appeal

D.attention

12、(12)

A.to

B.with

C.about

D.on

13、(13)

A.with

B.at

C.about

D.to

14、(14)

A.on

B.about

C.at

D.in

15、(15)

A.sacrifice

B.expense

C.cost

回5

D.price

16、(16)

A.search

B.research

C.probe

D.examine

17、(17)

A.prominence

B.fame

C.status

D.importance

18、(18)

A.dueto

B.becauseof

C.thanksto

D.owingto

19、(19)

A.in

B.on

C.at

D.with

20、(20)

目6

A.that

B.since

C.although

D.though

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas"second

childishness”—sansteeth,sanseyes,sanstaste.Inthecase

oftastehemay,musicallyspeaking,havebeenevenmore

perceptivethanherealized.ApaperinNeurologybyGiovanni

FrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearch

andCareofAlzheimer'sDiseaseinBrescia,Italy,showsthat

oneform,ofseniledementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinways

thatsuggestaregression,ifnottoinfancy,thenatleastto

apatient'steens.

Frontotemporaldementiaiscaused,asitsnamesuggests,by

damagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsare

concernedwithspeech,andwithsuch"higher“functionsas

abstractthinkingandjudgment.Frontotemporaldamage

thereforeproducesdifferentsymptomsfromthelossofmemory

associatedwithAlzheimer'sdisease,amorefamiliardementia

thataffectsthehippocampusandamygdalainthemiddleofthe

brain.FrontotemporaldementiaisalsorarerthanAlzheimer's.

InthepastfiveyearsthecentreinBresciahastreatedsome

1,500Alzheimer'spatients;ithasseenonly46with

frontotemporaldementia.

TwoofthosepatientsinterestedDr.Frisoni.Onewasa

68-year-oIdlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhad

undamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefect

associatedwithfrontotemporaldementia一adiagnosisthatwas

confirmedbybrainscanning.

Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,once

aclassicalmusicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas”mere

noise”,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883”.Ashis

commandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriends

andfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandat

ful1volumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnoteven

hadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyed

musicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterher

diagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather

11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.

Thiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyofthe

不_____Q

q8

Alzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothose

withfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarked

onhowfrontotemporaldememiapatientssometimesgainnew

talents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesare

known.Andinanotherlapseofmusicaltaste,onewomanwith

thediseasesuddenlystartedcomposingandsingingcountryand

westernsongs.

Dr.Frisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopleto

developanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences.Previous

studiesofnovelty-seekingbehavior,suggestthatitismanaged

bythebrain(srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftheright

overtheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,

mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,

thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificneuralcircuitthat

isneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthat

isagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDr.Frisoniputs

itinhisarticle,DeGustibusNonDisputandumEst.Or,in

plainerwords,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.

ForShakespeare,oldageas"secondchildishness“forthey

havethesame.

A.favorite

B.memory

C.experience

D.sense

2、

WhichoneisNOTasymptomofFrototemporaldementia?

A.Thelossofmemory.

B.Thelossofjudgment.

C.Thelossofabstractthinking.

D.Thelossofspeech.

3、

Fromthetwopatientsmentionedinthepassage,itcanbe

concludedthat.

A.theircommandoflanguagehasdeteriorated

B.theiremotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilyarebeing

lost

C.theFrontotemporaldementiacanbringnewgills

D.Frontotemporaldementiacancausepatientstochangetheir

musicaltastes

4、

The“novel"inthelastparagraphmeans.

A.historical.

B.special

C.story-like

D.strange

5、

Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat.

A.thedamageoftheleftfrontallobemayaffectsomespecific

neuralcircuit

B.thelawyerpatienthastheleftfrontallobedamaged

C.thedamageoftheleftfrontallobedecreasedthe

appreciationofcertainkindsofmusic

D.everypatienthasthesametaste

6、InDonJuanLordByronwrote,“Sweetisrevenge一especially

towomen”.ButastudyreleasedonWednesday,supportedby

magneticresonanceimaging,suggeststhatmenmaybethemore

naturalavengers.

Inthestudy,whenmalesubjectswitnessedpeoplethey

perceivedashadguysbeingstrokebyamildelectricalshock,

theirM.R.I.scanslitupinprimitivebrainareasassociated

withreward.Theirbrains'empathycentersremaineddull.Women

watchingthepunishment,incontrast,showednoresponsein

centersassociatedwithpleasure.Eventhoughtheyalsosaid

theydidnotlikethebadguys,theirempathycentersstill

quietlyglowed.

Thestudyseemstoshowforthefirsttimeinphysicalterms

不_____Q

qii

whatmanypeopleprobablyassumetheyalreadyknow:thatwomen

aregenerallymoreempatheticthanmen,andthatmentakegreat

pleasureinseeingrevengeexacted.Men''expressedmoredesire

forrevengeandseemedtofeelsatisfactionwhenunfairpeople

weregivenwhattheyperceivedasdeservedphysicalpunishment”,

saidDrTaniaSinger,theleadresearcher,oftheWelcome

DepartmentofImagingNeuroscienceatUniversityCollege

London.Butfarfromcondemningthemaleimpulsefor

retribution,Dr.Singersaidithadanimportantsocial

function:"Thistypeofbehavior,hasprobablybeencrucialin

theevolutionofsocietyasthemajorityofpeopleinagroup

aremotivatedtopunishthosewhocheatontherest”.

Thestudyispartofagrowingbodyofresearchthatis

attemptingtobetterunderstandbehavior,andemotionsby

observingsimultaneousphysiologicalchangesinthebrain,a

techniquenowattainablethroughimaging."Imagingisstillin

itsearlydaysbutwearetransitioningfromadescriptiveto

amoremechanistictypeofstudy”,saidDr.KlaasEnnoStephan,

aco-authorofthepaper.

Dr.Singer'steamwassimplytryingtoseeifthestudy

subjects'degreeofempathycorrelatedwithhowmuchthey1iked

ordislikedthepersonbeingpunished.Theyhadnotsetoutto

lookintosexdifferences.Tocultivatepersonallikesand

dislikesintheir32volunteers,theyaskedthemtoplaya

complexmoneystrategygame,wherebothmembersofapairwould

profitifbothbehavedcooperatively.Theranksofvolunteers

wereinfiltratedbyactorstoldtoplayselfishly.Volunteers

camequicklyto"verymuchlike“thepartnerswhowere

cooperative,whiledislikingthosewhohidedrewards,Dr.

Stephansaid.Effectivelyconditionedtolikeanddisliketheir

game-playingpartners,the32subjectswereplacedinscanners

andaskedtowatchthevariouspartnersreceiveelectrical

shocks.Onscans,bothmenandwomenseemedtofeelthepain

ofpartnerstheyliked.Buttherealsurprisecameduringscans

whenthesubjectsviewedthepartnerstheydislikedbeing

shocked."Whenwomensawtheshock,theystillhadanempathetic

response,eventhoughitwasreduced”.Dr.Stephansaid."The

menhadnoneatall”.Furthermore,researchersfoundthatthe

brain，spleasurecenterslitupinmaleswhenjustpunishment

wasmetedout.

Theresearcherscautionedthatitwasnotclearifmenandwomen

arebornwithdivergentresponsestorevengeoriftheirsocial

experiencesgeneratetheresponses.Dr.Singersaidlarger

studieswereneededtoseeifdifferingresponseswouldbeseen

incasesinvolvingrevengethatdidnotinvolvepain.Still,

sheadded."Thisinvestigationwouldseemtoindicatethereis

apredominantroleformeninmaintainingjusticeandissuing

punishment”.

LordByron，swordsmean.

A.Womenarecruelerthanmen

B.Revengeonwomenissweeter

C.Womenfeelsweeterwithrevengethanmen

D.Womenlovetorevenge

7、

Accordingtothetext,Dr.Singer'sattitude'tomalerevenge

impulseis.

A.sympathetic

B.detached

C.positive

D.negative

8、

Accordingtothetext,thestudyisoriginallyaimed.

A.toshowsexdifferencesonrevenge

B.tobetterunderstandhuman'sbehavior,andemotions

C.tocultivatepersonallikesanddislikes

D.toseeifthedegreeofempathyisconnectedwithpersonal

likesanddislikes，

9、

Theword"infiltrated”(Para.5)probablymeans.

A.acted

B.mixed

C.taught

D.filtrated

10、

Dr.Singerthinksmenaremoresuitabletomaintainjustice

andissuepunishmentthanwomenbecause.

A.men(sbrain，sempathycentersremaineddullwhen

punishmentwasexecuted

B.women'spleasurecenterswerelitupwithpunishment

implemented

C.menhavenoresponsewhenseeingpunishmentexecuted

D.menhaddifferentexperiencesfromwomen

11、When,in1976,JohnMidgleywasawardedtheCBEfortelling

readersofTheEconomistabouttheUnitedStates,hetook

particulardelightinthefactthathewentbybusfromwork

toacceptthedecorationfromQueenElizabeth(whowasstaying

inBlairHouseinWashington),andwasinandoutquickenough,

drinkingupaginandtonicwithoutastop,tousethetransfer

tickettogoouttodinner.

Hewasaprinthackallhislife,spendingfreelyonfunand

friends,butneverbotheringtomakehisnameknownorhis

walletfatter,withbooksorbroadcasting.Thepossessorof

freeintelligence,hewasnotonasoap-box,orconcentrated

oninfluencingthegreatandgood,thoughhegottheirattention

justthesame.Hisjob,heoncesaid,“wastoassistthereading

publictounderstandwhatwasgoingon”.Heconveyedhis1iberal

viewoftheworldwithgreatclaritybut“ifyoucan'tgive

[people]usefulinformation,youcanshutup”.Hefinallydid

shutup,justbeforeChristmas.

Midgley,bornintheworking-classnorthofEnglandin1911,

wasinmilitaryintelligenceduringtheSecondWorldWar,

tryingtoworkoutGermany5sintentions.Hethenturnedto

journalism,dodgingforatimebetweenTheEconomist,the(then)

ManchesterGuardianandtheTimes,asleaderwriterandforeign

correspondent.In1956helandedonTheEconomistand,luckily

forus,stayedthere,untilandbeyondhisretirement,

contributingabookreviewdaysbeforehedied.

Hewasforeigneditorforsevenyears,pullingforeigncoverage

togetherin(hisownwords)“areasonablysatisfactorymanner”.

Hewasabrilliant,scaryteachertoaclassroomofaspiring

hacks,notlazilyrewritingtheirpatheticstoriesbutthrowing

thembacktoberedone,withadvicethatbumstothisday.He

alsolessbrilliantly,sentKimPhilby,whomhehadknownat

Cambridge,tostringforthepaperfromBeirut,untilthespy's

maskfelloffandhefledtotheSovietUnion.

In1963,afterabitofanupheavalatTheEconomist,hewent

offtobeWashingtoncorrespondentand,fromthenon,

everythingfellintoplace.Heexcelledathisjob,lucidly

explainingAmericanaffairseventoAmericansthemselvesas

wellastotherestoftheworld.HemarriedElizabeth,a

produceratCBS,andtheylookedaftereachotherwithloveand

wit.Theirhouseinnorth-westWashingtonwasawarmandlovely

meeting-place.Hiswasagoodlife,thesecondhalfespecially.

JohnMidgleywasNOTfondof.

A.makingfuns

B.makingfriends

C.makinghimselffamous

D.truthediting

12、

Heworkedinallthefollowingplacesatonetimeoranother

EXCEPT.

A.TheTimes

B.WashingtonandCBS

C.TheEconomist，

D.TheManchesterGuardian

13、

Fromthesecond,paragraph,wecanconcludeJohnMidgley.

A.didn，tgetanyattentionfromanyone

B.expressedhispersonalview

C.wassuccessfulinhiscareer

D.gavelotofuselessinformation

14、

Whatdoesitmeanby"hewasnotonasoap-box“inthesecond

paragraph?

A.Hewasnotshowingoff.

B.Hewashighenough.

C.Hedidn，tliketostandonasoap-box.

D.Heneedn'ttobeonasoap-box.

15、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.

A.hissecondhalfoflifeismoremarvelous

B.TheEconomistfiredhim

C.hewasnotsecreditableinfamilylife

D.JohnMidgleydidhisjobexcellentlyinTheEconomist

16^Eco-tourism一travelthatpreservestheenvironmentand

promotesthewelfareoflocalpeople一continuestogainforce.

ImpressedbythesuccessofcountrieslikeCostaRicaand

Ecuador,whichhaveluredflocksoftravelersformountain

treksandjunglesafaris,agrowingnumberofregionsacross

theglobeareturningtoeco-tourismasastrategy'foreconomic

growth.

OmarBongo,thepresidentofGabon,adevelopingcountryinwest

centralAfrica,bassetasideabout10percentofthecountry's

landmassfor13nationalparks.GreenVisions,atourismand

environmentprotectioncompany,basedinSarajevo,

Bosnia-Herzegovina,ispioneeringaneco-tourismdevelopment

planinCentralEuropewith"greenadventures"thatpromote

environmentalprinciplesandsupportlocalbusinesses.Even

Greece,betterknownforitspumpingnightlifeand

archaeologicalmonuments,devotesasectionofitsnational

tourismWebsitetoGreeknature“andeco-tourism.

Overthelastfouryears,atleast48countries,fromPuerto

RicotoPortugal,havecreatedorstartedtodefineanational

strategyforeco-tourismdevelopment,accordingtoa2022

eco-tourismreportbyMintelInternationalGroup,a

market-researchcompanybasedinBritain.

Thougheco-tourismhaslongconjuredimagesofbiodiversityhot

spotsincountrieslikeBelize,partsoftheUnitedStatesare

startingtoembracethetrendtoo.Forexample,theWisconsin

DepartmentofTourismwi11begintestinganewcertification

programinMarchcalledTravelGreenWisconsin.Designedto

encouragehotelsandtouroperatorstoreducetheir

environmentalimpact,theprogramisaimedatprotectingthe

naturalareasthatplayasignificantroleindefiningthestate

asatouristdestination.Ifsuccessful,theprogramwillbe

rolledoutstatewidenextyear.

Forbusinesses,eco-friendlyinitiativesnotonlyoffer

marketingadvantagesbutcanhelpwiththebottomline.Hotels

cancutcostsbydoingeverythingfrominstallingenergy-saving

lightbulbstoaskingtravelerstoreusetheirtowels.Andsome

58.5millionU.S.travelers,or38percent,wouldpaymoreto

usetravelcompaniesthatstrivetoprotectandpreservethe

environment,accordingtoastudybytheTravelIndustry

AssociationofAmericasponsoredbyNationalGeographic

Traveler.Ofthosetravelers,61percentsaidtheywouldpay

5to10percentmoretousesuchcompanies.

However,selectingamongthegrowingnumberofeco-friendly-

choicescanbefrightening,especiallygiventhe

ever-broadeningcategory,whichnowencompasseseverything

frombasiccampsitestohigh-endmountainlodges,lamatrekking

tomotorcycletoursthroughthejungle.EntertheSustainable

TourismCertificationNetworkoftheAmericas一apartnership

ofcertificationprograms,environmentalgroups,government

organizationsandothers,ledbytheRainforest.Allianceand

theInternationalEcotourismSociety—whichaimstopromote

sustainabilityandhigherenvironmentalandsocialstandards

fortourism.InSeptember,thenetworkdesignedaseriesof

baselinecriteriaforcertificationtohelpgenerate

credibilityamongmembersandpromotelocalconservation.This

year,thedocumentwillbeputupforpublicconsultationbefore

beingfullyratified.

''Certificationisawayforustoavoidgreenwashing”,the

practiceofpromotingsomethingasecotourismwhilebehaving

inanenvironmentallyirresponsibleway,saidRonaldSanabria,

directorofsustainabletourismattheRainforestAlliance.

''Certificationforusisatooltoavoidthatandtoensure

third-partyassessmentsofrequirementsandreallyprovethe

company”.

Accordingtothetext,eco-tourismisakindof.

A.travelstyle

B.economicstrategy

C.welfaremovement

D.localpolicy

17、

Whichcountryissuccessfulinpromotingeco-tourism?

A.Gabon

B.Sarajevo

C.CostaRica

D.Greece

18、

Theword“conjured”(Line1,Para.4)mostprobablymeans、

A.disturbed

B.aroused

C.brought

D.evoked

19、

Itcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraphthat.

A.thetravelerswouldliketospendmoremoneyontravel

B.thebusinesscankilltwobirdswithonestonebypromoting

eco-tourism

C.61%OfAmericantravelerswouldpaymoretouse

eco-friendlytravelcompanies

D.58.5millionU.S.travelersarestrivingtoprotect

environment

20、

RonaldSanabriaheldtheviewthatcertificationis.

A.thepracticeofpromotingeco-tourism

B.amethodtoassessthetourcompany

C.atooltoavoidtheirresponsibilityinprotecting

6nviromnent

D.awayofforcingcompaniesmprotectenvironment

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabout

plagiarismintheacademiccommunity.Choosethemostsuitable

headingfromthelistforeachnumberedparagraph.Thefirst

andlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisone

extraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.

America，sliberalandconservativeelitesdisagreeabout

everythingunderthesun.fromtheroleofGodinthe

constitutiontoJohnBolton，stablemanners.Yetononeissue

theyareasone:thecountryisgoingtohellinahand-basket.

(41).

Forliberals,Americansaresufferingfromepidemicsof

“traumas"and"syndromes”.Thelefthasalwaysworriedabout

不_____Q

q23

theeffectsofrapaciouscapitalismontheAmericanpsyche.

ListentoMaryPipher,abestsellingclinicalpsychologist,on

girls:"Justasplanesandshipsdisappearmysteriouslyinto

theBermudaTriangle,sodotheselvesofgirlsgodownindroves.

Theycrashandburn"OrcompareWilliamPollak,aHarvard

psychologist,onboys:"Ournationishometomillionsofboys

whoarecastouttoseainseparatelifeboats,andfeelthat

theyaredrowninginisolation,depression,lonelinessand

despair”.Halfanhourlisteningto“Oprah“orbrowsingina

bookshopcouldproduceadozenequallydepressingtheses,

expressedinequallydismalmetaphors,aboutevery,sortof

American.

(42).

Thisliteratureisbuiltononehugeassumption:thatAmericans

areafragilebunch.ForgetabouttheflintyPilgrimswhobuilt

ahyperpoweroutofawilderness.Today'sAmericansareso

vulnerabletheyneedtobeshieldedfromcompetition.Intheir

excellentnewbook,“OneNationUnderTherapy:HowtheHelping

CultureisErodingSelf-Reliance”(St.Martin,sPress).

ChristinaHoffSommersandSallySateloftheAmerican

EnterpriseInstitute,detailtheriseofanever-pro1iferating

professionofgriefcounselors,traumatherapists,syndrome

specialists,stress-reducersandassorteddegree-bearing

charlatans.

(43).

Thisbookhasnaturallygarneredfavourablereviewsfromfellow

conservatives.Yettherightisequallypreytoitsownvariety

ofcrisis-mongering.Conservativesblamesin,ratherthan

syndromes,andculturaldecline,ratherthaneconomic

dislocation.Butmanysharetheleft'ssenseofhuman

vulnerability,andasurprisingnumberhaveaweaknessfor

psychobabble.Itisnoaccidentthatthemostpowerfulmanin

theChristianright.JamesDobson,theheadofFocusonthe

Family,isbothachildpsychologistandaveritablefountain

ofsocial'sciencestatistics.

(44).

Forconservatives,thefamilyisbeingbatteredbypopculture,

gayrightsandfeminism.RebeccaHagelinoftheHeritage

Foundationarguesthat,thanksinpantotheubiquityofthe

pornculture,Americahasgone"starkravingmad”(tousethe

subtitleofhernewbook).Gloomyconservativegroupsissue

toe-curlingwarningsabouttheinexorablegripofhomosexual

lust"and"feminism'sloveaffairwithabortion,and

lesbianism”.

Isthisreallytrue?Takealookatmostoftherecentcultural

indicators,anditishardtoknowwheretostartwiththegood

news.Theproportionofblackchildrenlivingwithmarried

parentsisincreasing.Theproportionofwomenwithinfantsin

the.workforce(thewomenthatis,nottheinfants)isdeclining,

m