2023版高三一輪總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)外研版課時(shí)分層作業(yè)7　Food for thought

課時(shí)分層作業(yè)（七）

I.閱讀理解

A

(2021?福州市質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Thenewyearalwaysbringspredictions.Youknowwho

getsthemright?

BLUETOOTH

Inhisfuturistic1953novelFahrenheit451,RayBradburyanticipatedBluetooth,

describingwirelessearphonesthatallowedfor“anelectronicoceanofsound,music

andtalks”tobetransferredthroughtheair.Imaginehowthrilledhewouldhave

beenwithaBluetoothtoaster!ThatwastheideabehindGriffinJsConnectedToaster,

whichwarnedyouviayoursmartphonewhenyourtoastwasdone.At$100,this

babycostalotofbread,whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafter

beinglaunched.

SMARTWATCH

TheAppleWatchletsyouchat,playgames,andwatchvideosonadevice

fastenedtoyourwrist.Cool,huh?TheJetsonsthoughtso...in1962一whenSteve

Jobswasstillinsecondgrade!

WI-FI

NikolaTeslacalledit!In1909,thefamouselectricalengineertoldTheNew

YorkTimes,aItwillsoonbepossibletosendwirelessmessagesallovertheworldso

simplythatanyindividualcancarryandoperatehisownequipment.vNodoubthe

wasthinkingoftheKerastaseHairCoachbrush,whichmeasuredbrushingspeedand

employedamicrophonetolistentoyourhair,alltocomputeanoverallhair-quality

scoresenttoyoursmartphone.(Alas,itisgonetoo.)

GPS

WriterArthurC.Clarke(2001：ASpaceOdyssey)sawaworldinwhichnoone

gotlost.In1956,hewrotethatsatellitescouldmakepossibleaposition-findinggrid

(坐標(biāo)方格)wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonan

instrumentaboutthesizeofawatch.Clarkedidn，tmentionthathissystemmight

alsotrackanotherperson,suchasacriminal.Lastyear,theNewYorkCitypolice

arrestedarobberwhowaswearingaGPSanklemonitor一becausehewasstillon

probation（緩開(kāi)ij）forapriorcrime.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了過(guò)去一些人對(duì)科技方面的預(yù)

測(cè)，包括藍(lán)牙和全球定位系統(tǒng)等。

1.Whichofthepredictionsistheearliest?

A.BLUETOOTH.B.SMARTWATCH.

C.WI-FLD.GPS.

C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)各種預(yù)測(cè)的內(nèi)容可知，C項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間為1909年，

而A項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間為1953年，B項(xiàng)為1962年，D項(xiàng)為1956年，故選C。］

2.WhymightGriffin，sConnectedToasterdisappear?

A?Tooexpensive.B.Outofdate.

C.Alittleawkward.D.Energy-consuming.

A［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的GriffinJsConnectedToaster定位至

BLUETOOTH部分，根據(jù)該部分中的“At$100,thisbabycostalotofbread,

whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafterbeinglaunched”可知,其

消失的原因可能是價(jià)格太高，故選A。1

3.WhatwasClarke5sprediction?

A.AGPSanklemonitor.

B?Arobber-arrestinginstrument.

C.Awatchthatcouldseetheworld.

D.Aninstrumentthatcouldlocateaperson.

D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的Clarke's定位至GPS部分，根據(jù)該部分中

的“wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonan

instrumentaboutthesizeofawatch”可知，答案為D。］

B

（2021,濟(jì)南市模擬）Theonlythingbetterthanreceivingabookisgettingone

deliveredbyahorse.CaitlinGooch,thefounderofSaddleUpandRead（SUAR）,

literallysaddles（跨上馬鞍）uponeofherfamily'shorsesandvisitsprimaryschools,

librariesandyouthgroupstoencouragestudentstoread.Thenon-profitinWendell,

NorthCarolina,alsoorganizesbookdrivesandschool-widereadingcompetitions.

Alongwithherfivebrothersandsisters,Goochgrewuponafamilyfarmowned

byherfather.Althoughheworkedasausedcarsalesman,hebuiltaracetrackon

their87-acrefarm,wherehehostedraces.Goochsaidshegrewuparound80horses

andfeltblessedtohavegrownupwiththem.

In2017,Gooch,whohadbeenworkingatdaycarecentersandyouthgroups,

noticedthatsomeoftheyoungerchildrenstruggledtoread.Shedecidedtoworkwith

alocallibrary：Anystudentwhocheckedoutmorethanthreebookswouldbeentered

intoaprizedraw.Fivenameswouldbeselectedoutofthedrawandeachreceiveda

triptovisitthehorsesontheGoochfamilyfarm.

Itwasahit.Goochexpandedherservicesbycreatinghernonprofit,

SUAR.WhenGoochsharedherorganizationJsstoryonsocialmedia,itreachedover

70,000likesinaweek.SheevengotashoutoutfromOprahWinfrey,afamoustalk

showhostess.She，sraisedover$20,000fromsupportersacrosstheworld."Now

thatit'ssortof,alleyesonme,there，sdefinitelyanopportunitytodosomething

more,“Goochsaid.

Goochisn*tjustencouragingchildrentoreadmore.She'salsoshowingthem

thathorsebackriderscanlooklikeher.Online,she'softenreferredtoastheuBlack

Cowgirl”Itfeelsamazingtobethatkindofrepresentation,vGoochsaid.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。CaitlinGooch創(chuàng)立了公益組織“馬鞍上

閱讀”，騎馬向孩子們送書(shū)，鼓勵(lì)孩子們閱讀，提高閱讀能力，她在網(wǎng)上分享了

公益組織的故事后，得到了著名脫口秀主持人OprahWinfrey的支持。

4.WhydoesGoochdeliverbooksonhorseback?

A.Todeliverbooksquickly.

B.Topromotefamilybusiness.

C.Togetstudentstoread.

D.Toadvertiseherorganization.

C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“whohadbeenworkingatdaycare

centersandyouthgroups,noticedthatsomeoftheyoungerchildrenstruggledtoread”

可知，Gooch注意到一些年齡較小的孩子閱讀很艱難，于是和當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覉D書(shū)館

合作推出了旨在促進(jìn)孩子們閱讀的公益活動(dòng)，故C項(xiàng)正確。］

5.WhatdidGoochdotohelpkidswithreadingdifficulties?

A-Holdreadingcompetitions.

B.Workwiththeyouthgroups.

C.Donatebookstoalocallibrary.

D.Organizevisitstothefamilyfarm.

D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句"Fivenameswouldbeselectedoutofthe

drawandeachreceivedatriptovisitthehorsesontheGoochfamilyfarm.”可佚口，獲

獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢匀ooch家的農(nóng)場(chǎng)參觀馬匹，故D項(xiàng)正確。］

6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSUARfromparagraph4?

A.Itiswellreceived.

B.Ithasmadeabigprofit.

C.Itneedsfurtherexpansion.

D.ItwascriticizedbyOprah.

A［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，Gooch創(chuàng)建了自己的非營(yíng)利組織

SUAR,擴(kuò)大了她的服務(wù)，該組織很受歡迎，在社交平臺(tái)上獲得很多贊；據(jù)此可

以判斷，非營(yíng)利組織SUAR很受歡迎，故A項(xiàng)正確。］

7.WhatcanbestdescribeGooch?

A.Honest.B.Inspiring.

C.Brave.D.Patient.

B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第一、第二句"Goochisn，tjustencouraging

childrentoreadmore.She'salsoshowingthemthathorsebackriderscanlooklike

her.”可知，Gooch不僅鼓勵(lì)孩子們多讀書(shū)，還向他們展示騎手可以像她一樣。

再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可以判斷，Gooch是一個(gè)鼓舞人心的人，故B項(xiàng)正確。］

C

（2021?湖南省六校聯(lián)考）Thesummerholidaysareinfullswingandprotestshave

beguninanumberofpopularEuropeancities.Barcelona,inparticular,isatthecentre

ofthesemountingconcernsabouttherapidgrowthoftourismincities,especially

duringpeakholidayperiods.Infact,DestinationBarcelonaestimatesthattherewere

30millionovernightvisitorsin2017,comparedtoaresidentpopulationof1,625,

137.Overtourismisnotanewproblem.

Whilemanytouristswantto“l(fā)ivelikealocalvandhaveanauthenticand

immersiveexperienceduringtheirvisit,theresidentsofmanytourism-dependent

destinationsareseeingtheuniquesenseofplacethatcharacterisedtheirhometowns

vanishbeneathawaveofsouvenirshops,crowds,tourbusesandrowdybars.They

arealsosufferingaslocalamenities（便利設(shè)施）andinfrastructureareputunder

enormousstrain.Itisatrulyglobalissue.Recently,Thaiauthoritieswereforcedto

actwhenanumberoftouristsvisitingMayaBay,thebeachmadefamousbyDanny

Boyie，sfilmTheBeach,ledtoshockingenvironmentaldamage.

Overtourismisharmingthelandscape,damagingbeaches,andputting

infrastructureunderenormousstrain.Itcanhaveanimpactinmultipleways.The

internationalcruiseindustry,forexample,deliversthousandsofpassengersdailyto

destinationports.Whilecomparativelylittleisreturnedtocommunities,thecruise

activitycreatesphysicalandvisualpollution.

Cityresidentsalsobearthecostoftourismgrowth.Ascitiestransformitselfto

caterfbrtourists,theglobaltravelsupplychainprospers.Thiscoincideswith

increasingpropertyspeculationandrisingcostsoflivingfbrlocal

communities.Airbnb,forexample,hasbeenaccusedofreducinghousing

affordabilityanddisplacingresidents.

Overcrowdingandtheestablishmentoftypicaltourism-focusedbusinesses,such

asclubs,barsandsouvenirshops,overwhelmlocalbusinesses,androwdyand

unmanageabletouristbehaviouriscommon.Thisdiminishestheuniqueambienceof

destinationsandleadstocrowdandwastemanagementpressures.

Localgovernmentandplanningauthoritieshavesofarbeenpowerlesstodeal

withtheoverwhelminginfluenceoftheglobaltourismsupplychain.Thishasledto

widespread“tourist-phobia“firstdescribedbyManuelDelgadomorethanadecade

agoasamixtureofrepudiation,mistrustandcontemptfortourists.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講的是過(guò)度旅游帶來(lái)的一系列

不好的影響。

8.What'sthepuiposeofwritingthefirstparagraph?

A-Topresentaphenomenon.

B?lbintroducethetopic,overtourism.

C-Togivereadersavividdescription.

D.ToshowtheprotestsinBarcelona.

B［寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)題目定位到文章第一段，通讀該段可知，該段主要提

到了過(guò)度旅游的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合下文主要圍繞過(guò)度旅游帶來(lái)的一系列不好的影響展開(kāi)

可知，該段是為了引出主題——過(guò)度旅游，故B項(xiàng)正確。］

9.TheexampleofThaiauthoritiesshows.

A.MayaBayinThaiisapopulartouristdestinationattractingagreatnumberof

visitors

B.visitingfamousplacesshowninmoviesisaglobalphenomenon

C.toomanyvisitorswillcausegreatdamagetothelocalenvironment

D.manylocalgovernmentshavealreadytakenactiontopreventovertourism

C［推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“Thaiauthorities”定位到文章第二段最后一

句，由此可知，過(guò)多的游客造成了驚人的環(huán)境破壞，泰國(guó)官方不得不采取行動(dòng)，

由此可推知，泰國(guó)官方的例子表明過(guò)多的游客會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境造成極大的破壞，

故C項(xiàng)正確。］

10.Accordingtothepassage,overtourismwill.

A.improvethelocalcruiseindustry

B?makethelocalbusinessboom

C?causetherisingcostsoflivingfortheresidents

D.increasethebusinessofAirbnb

C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Cityresidentsalsobearthecostof

tourismgrowth...Thiscoincideswithincreasingpropertyspeculationandrising

costsoflivingforlocalcommunities.”可知，過(guò)度旅游會(huì)導(dǎo)致居民生活成本上升，

故C項(xiàng)正確。］

11.Whatwillthewritermostprobablytalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Measurestodealwithovertourism.

B?Problemscausedbyovertourism.

C.Protestscausedbyovertourism.

D.Environmentalpollutioncausedbyovertourism.

A［推理判斷題。文章前幾段主要講了過(guò)度旅游帶來(lái)的一系列不好的影響，

最后一段提到到目前為止，地方管理和規(guī)劃部門(mén)還無(wú)力應(yīng)對(duì)全球旅游供應(yīng)鏈的巨

大影響，這導(dǎo)致了“游客恐懼癥”的蔓延。由此可推知，作者在下段最有可能介

紹解決過(guò)度旅游的措施，故A項(xiàng)正確。］

D

（2021?武漢市質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）Neverplaygameswithabot（robot）一itwillfindaway

tocheatifitcan.AteamfromOpenAI,anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco,

hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperateby

playinghide-and-seek.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtousebasictoolstohelpwin.

BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-based

dynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybe

usefultohumans.

Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated（模擬的）environmentfilled

withfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesof

hide-and-seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn，t

communicatewitheachotherdirectly.

Atfirst,thehiderssimplyranaway.Buttheysoonworkedoutthatthequickest

waytostoptheseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselves

fromview.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemto

climboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateamplayer-passingobjects

toeachotherorcooperatingonahideout—wasthequickestwaytowin.

Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsor

faults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunch

themselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldget

ridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.

ItshowsthatAIbotsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss,says

Baker."Maybethey，11evenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon'tyetknow

howto."However,itisalargeleap（EK躍）fromvirtualhide-and-seektoreal

problem-solving."Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation,“saysChelsea

FinnatStanfordUniversity.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種通過(guò)玩捉迷藏自學(xué)

合作技能的人工智能機(jī)器人，這種機(jī)器人還學(xué)會(huì)了使用基本工具來(lái)幫助自己獲

勝。

12.WhydidBakerandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?

A.Toteachbotstoplaygames.

B?Totrainbotstousebasictools.

C.Tofindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans.

D.Toseethepotentialofbots，cooperation.

D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段講到OpenAI的BowenBak6r和他的同事們想看看

OpenAIFive人工智能機(jī)器人的團(tuán)隊(duì)互動(dòng)能否被用來(lái)產(chǎn)生將來(lái)對(duì)人類有用的技

能。由此可知，BowenBaker和他的同事進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究是為了看機(jī)器人合作的潛

力。故D項(xiàng)正確。］

13.What'sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thetoolsoftheresearch.

B.Thedesignoftheresearch.

C-Thecompetitorsofthegame.

D.Theenvironmentofthegame.

B［段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，該段主要介紹了研究的設(shè)計(jì)：研究人員

將機(jī)器人置于一個(gè)充滿固定墻壁、可移動(dòng)的盒子和梯子的模擬環(huán)境中，讓它們玩

團(tuán)隊(duì)捉迷藏游戲，且彼此不能直接交流。故B項(xiàng)正確。］

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Passingobjects.

B.Movingboxesaround.

C.Makinguseoffaults.

D.Hidingthemselvesfromview.

C［代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebots

startedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.“可知，但真正令人驚訝的是，機(jī)器人開(kāi)

始利用問(wèn)題或錯(cuò)誤；第五段最后兩句給出了相應(yīng)的例子；結(jié)合尾段第一句可以判

斷，該句主語(yǔ)It指代的是“機(jī)器人利用錯(cuò)誤”，故C項(xiàng)正確。］

15.WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?

A.ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch.

B.Itwillnotbeinfluencedbytherealworld.

C.Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem-solving.

D.Itmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.

D［推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段尾句中ChelseaFinn所說(shuō)的話“Themainlimitation

isthatitisinsimulation”可知，ChelseaFinn認(rèn)為主要的局限在于機(jī)器人的互動(dòng)是

處于模擬狀態(tài)下的。據(jù)此可以判斷，ChelseaFinn認(rèn)為超出模擬范圍，這種結(jié)果

可能不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。故D項(xiàng)正確。］

II.閱讀七選五

（2021?溫州市適應(yīng)性測(cè)試）DuetoCOVID-19,momshavehadaroughyear.Day

carecentersareclosed.」_Atthesametimethey，rehomeschoolingandcleaning

everything.

Lookingback50yearsorso,Ifoundthatmyownmotherwasamysteriously

effectiverolemodel.Sheneverhitmeorraisedhervoice.Shedidn'tdirectlyboss

anyonearound.Sheindirectlygavemysistersandmeveryclearguidanceonwhat

behaviorswereexpectedinourhome,andoutintheworld.

2Butonce,whenanAfricanAmericanfamilymovedintoourall-white

neighborhood,shequietlyandfiiTnlysatmysistersandmedownandtoldusthatwe

wouldalwaystreatthemwithrespect.Wedid.Whenmymomgotserious,wenever

questionedherauthority.Mymothertaughtustoloveourneighbors,showedushow

totreateveryonewithkindnessandrespectandmodeledhowwecouldbegenerous

withourtimeandenergybyfocusingontheneedsandinterestsofothers.

Onetime,shewasdrivingandacarroared