定語從句 高錦艷

定語從句鹽池高級中學(xué)高錦艷◆語法感知1.Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere，soI’veincludedsomephotos

willhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.主+謂語+賓語，+關(guān)系詞+句子

先行詞2.Theboys

hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.主語，+關(guān)系詞+句子，+謂語……

先行詞whichwho先行詞關(guān)系詞3.Butlastweekendanotherteacher，Jenny，andIdidvisitavillage

isthehomeofoneoftheboys，Tombe.4.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefrom

wehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.whichwhere◆語法精析擔(dān)任定語功能的句子稱為定語從句，定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞不僅在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，而且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞與先行詞的密切程度，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，從句是整個句子不可缺少的部分，從句與主句之間不用逗號隔開。如果去掉它，句子意思就不完整或不明確。譯成漢語時，一般先譯定語從句，再譯先行詞。引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：who，whom，that，which，as，whose，when，where，why。其位置一般緊跟在先行詞之后，如果先行詞再跟介詞短語作定語時，定語從句置于后面。2.關(guān)系代詞意義及作用(要求默寫）關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞諻ho人主、賓Whom人賓which物主、賓that人或物主、賓、表whose人或物定as人或物主、賓Ishetheman（

who/thatwantstoseeyou)？他是那個想見你的男人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語)Heistheman(whom/that/whoIsawyesterday).他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that/who在從句中作賓語)Thepackage

((which/that)youarecarrying)isabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的那個包裹快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語)Thegirl

(whoseparentsarebothteachers)isworkinghard.這個父母都是教師的女孩學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦。(whose表示那個女孩的，在從句中作定語)Helivesinaroom

(whosewindowfacessouth).他住在那個窗戶朝南的房子里。(whose表示那個房子的，在從句中作定語)Idon’tlikepeople

whoalwaysthinkofthemselves.我不喜歡那些總是為他們自己著想的人。Isawabookonthedeskwhosecoverisyellow.我看見了書桌上一本封面是黃顏色的書。翻譯：1.你認(rèn)識那個在車禍中受傷的男孩嗎？

2.那個在車禍中受傷的男孩是我的朋友。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatwasinjuredintheaccident?Theboywho/thatwasinjuredintheaccidentismyfriend.3.定語從句先行詞為事或物時，只能用that不用which引導(dǎo)的情況：(1)先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。

Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。(3)先行詞是不定代詞all，few，little，much，anything，nothing，something等時。Nothing(thattheteacherdoes)doesn’tinfluencehisstudents.老師所做的事情沒有不影響到學(xué)生的。(4)先行詞既有人又有物時。

Thewriterandhisnovel(thatyouhavejusttalkedabout)arereallywellknown.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很出名。(5)先行詞被theonly，thevery，no，oneof，few，little，all，every等修飾時。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat’smissing.我不只是丟了一條項鏈。(6)在由which等引導(dǎo)的問句中，為避免重復(fù)，常用that。Whichisthemoviethatyoulikebest?哪部電影是你最喜歡的？4.在下列情況下卻只用which而不用that：(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示物時，并且在從句中作介詞的賓語，（即是：介詞+關(guān)系代詞）那么關(guān)系代詞就只能用which。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.我們生活于其中的世界是由物質(zhì)組成的。

(2)在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞表示物時，只能用which。Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太陽給予大地?zé)崃浚@就使植物的生長成為可能。

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（要求默寫）1.常用的關(guān)系副詞：when，why，where(在從句中只作狀語)2.意義及作用關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的成分when名詞，表時間時間狀語why名詞，表原因原因狀語where名詞，表地點地點狀語IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIwasforcedtodropoutofschool.我永遠也忘不了我被迫輟學(xué)的那些日子。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhecamesolate.我不知道他來得那么晚的原因。Theroomwhereheusedtolivehasnowbeenturnedintoamuseum.他過去住的那所房子現(xiàn)在變成了一座博物館。注意：并非先行詞表示時間、原因、地點時都分別用when，where，why來引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句，

若關(guān)系詞在修飾表示時間、原因或地點的先行詞的定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等而不是狀語時，

需用which或that引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句。Doyoustillrememberthedays________wespenttogetherinschool?你還記得我們一起在學(xué)校度過的那些日子嗎？Thereason_______hegaveforhisbeinglateisunreasonable.他為遲到給出的理由不合理。Thisistheplace______wevisitedlasttime.這是我們上次去過的地方。which/thatthatwhich做賓語，用關(guān)系代詞三、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.關(guān)系代詞的選定如果先行詞指事(物)，關(guān)系代詞就用which，指人用whom。Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudiedlastyear.這就是我們?nèi)ツ陮W(xué)習(xí)用的教室。ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.這個就是我給他買照相機的飛行員。buysthforsb買某物給某人in

theclassroom2.介詞的選定(1)根據(jù)先行詞來選用介詞。ThereasonforwhichIcamehereisthatIwanttogetyourhelp.我來這兒的原因是我想得到你的幫助。Thefarm

onwhichIonceworkedhastakenonanewlook.我曾經(jīng)工作過的農(nóng)場呈現(xiàn)出一派新景象。(2)根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞來選用介詞。Thepersontowhomthisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.這封信的收信人三年前就去世了。the

reasonfor…的原因onthefarmaddresstosb寫信給..；對某人說，Chinaisabeautifulcountryofwhichwearegreatlyproud.中國是個我們?yōu)橹械椒浅ｒ湴恋拿利悋摇?3)根據(jù)句意確定介詞。Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.這種無色的、離了它我們無法生存的氣體就是氧氣。beproudof為…感到自豪cannotlivewithout…..沒有…不能活注意：很多情況下，關(guān)系副詞=“介詞＋which/whom”ThedaywhenImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.＝ThedayonwhichImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.見到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。Thisisahallwherethemedicalconferencewillbeheld.＝Thisisahallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.這是將召開醫(yī)學(xué)會議的禮堂。重點歸納：確定短語從句三部曲：1.句子中有兩個謂語動詞，沒有并列連詞。（1）Thereare60studentsinourclass,andmostofthemaregirls.(并列句）（2）Thereare60studentsinourclass，mostofwhomaregirls.(定語從句）2.確定先行詞，選關(guān)系詞，主賓定表用關(guān)系代詞，狀語用關(guān)系副詞3.介+關(guān)系代詞，人用whom，物用which；介詞看從句謂語，關(guān)系詞的搭配，和句意。只用that或which，需牢記?！舾呖兼溄英?用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1.Thegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram

givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.(2018·全國Ⅱ)2.Manywesterners

cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)3.Thelittleproblems

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017·北京)that/whichwho/thatthat4.Ilivenextdoortoacouple

childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京)5.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.(2015·天津)6.Iamlookingforwardtotheday

mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.(2014·湖南)7.Acompany

profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2014·山東)8.Pleasesendusalltheinformation

youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2014·陜西)whosewherewhenwhosethat1.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯)或Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯)2.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全國Ⅲ，短文改錯)whereⅡ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)that/which∧in1.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯)或Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯)2.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全國Ⅲ，短文改錯)which/that達標(biāo)檢測Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Let’smeetatthesameplace

wedidyesterday.2.Itisthemostimportanttask

shouldbefinishedsoon.3.Theoffice

heworksisonthesecondfloor.4.Thatisthereason

heisleavingsosoon.5.Isthisthecar

whichyoupaidahighprice?asthatwherewhyforⅡ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)6.Thereasonwhyheshowedusthatdaydidn’tmakesense.7.Weshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentwhich

welive.或Weshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentwhich

welive.8.ItwasthefirstfilmwhichIsawinthatremotevillage.9.Sheisoneoft