2023年中考英語(yǔ)新時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)閱讀 22 科學(xué)新知（含解析）

2023年中考英語(yǔ)最新熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀-科學(xué)新知

題型主要內(nèi)容

1閱讀理解介紹了中國(guó)數(shù)字化的發(fā)展，數(shù)字化給中國(guó)人民的生活帶來(lái)非常大的便利，中國(guó)

也在促進(jìn)5G通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展。

2閱讀理解講述了我們所經(jīng)歷的四個(gè)睡眠階段。

3閱讀理解講述了以前人們都認(rèn)為魚類的記憶只能保持7秒鐘，但是實(shí)驗(yàn)表明其實(shí)它們可

以有長(zhǎng)達(dá)12天的記憶，要比以前人們想的聰明得多。

4閱讀理解解釋了“衣服濕了顏色會(huì)變深''這一現(xiàn)象。

5閱讀理解解釋了為什么我們對(duì)智能手機(jī)如此著迷，卻很容易對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)感到厭倦。

01

（2022?河北?衡水濱湖新區(qū)志臻中學(xué)一模）Fiveyearsisarathershorttimeinthelonghistoryof

China.Butfordigital（數(shù)字的）development,alotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyaspectsofourlife.

Nowadays,it'snormalforpeopletocommunicateonWeChat,themostpopularmobilesocialmedia

platforminChina.Peopletakelesscash（現(xiàn)金）withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsaccept

WeChatPayandAlipay.

InChina,holdingamobilephonemeanshavingtheworldinyourhands.Youcanshop,travel,

communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfinger

taps.Withoutmobilephones,lifewouldseemdull.

Bytheendof2016,therewere695millionmobilephoneusersinChina,anincreaseof12percenton

year-on-yearbasis.TheaveragemobileInternetdatatrafficreached172megabytespermonth,whichwas

farmorethantheglobalaverage.

Atthetwosessions（兩會(huì)），PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutthatin2017thespeedofmobilenetwork

wouldbeincreasedandthecostwouldbereducedgreatly.Mobileratesfordomesticroaming（國(guó)內(nèi)漫游）

andlongdistancecallswouldbecancelled（取消）.

Meanwhile,theTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologydevelopedmainlyinChinahasbeenaccepted

andwidelyusedacrosstheworld.

In2020,China's5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina'smobiletelecommunicationovertake（反超）

theinternationalcommunity's.

1.Peopletakelesscashwiththembecause.

A.cashisn'tusefulanymoreB.it'seasiertouseonlinepaybymobilephone

C.manystoresrefusecashD.onlinepayisusedinallstoresandhotels

2.Byusingamobilephone,youcandomanythingsEXCEPT.

A.orderingsomethingtoeatB.chattingwithfriends

C.playinggamesD.cookingsomethingdelicious

3.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat.

A.Thecostofusingmobilephonesislower

B.thespeedofmobilenetworksloweddown

C.Chineseuserswillmakephonecallsforfreeinthefuture

D.theusingofmobilephoneswascancelled

4.Whichoneistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Peoplecan'tlivewithoutmobilephones.

B.Thespeedofmobilenetworkandthecostwouldbeincreasedgreatly.

C.TheTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologyisonlyusedinChina.

D.China's5Gnetworkhasalreadybeeninservice.

02

（2022?河南?鎮(zhèn)平縣基礎(chǔ)教育教學(xué)研究室三模）Alldreamingstartswithsleep.Whenwesleepthere

arefourstages（階段）thatwegothrough.

StageOneisthelighteststageofsleep.Inthisstageofsleepsomeonecanbeawakenedbylowsounds

orslighttouch.StageOnesleephappensthrough-outthenight.Itoftenreappearsasatransitionalstateof

sleepfollowingarousal（刺激）duringthenight.WhenStageOnedoesreappearduringsleep,itonlylasts

thirtysecondstooneminute.YoungadultsspendtentofifteenminutesanightinStageOnesleep.

StageTwosleepmayhavesomeoftheslowereyemovementStageOne,butingeneralStageTwosleep

isfreeofanyeyemovement.Anotherfeatureofstagetwoisarousal.SinceStageTwoisadeepersleepthan

StageOne,itwilltakemorearousaltoawakenapersonfromthisstageofsleep.

StageThreesleepaswellasStageFourisusuallyreferredtoasaslowwavesleep,whichbasically

meansaslowfrequency（頻率）ofbrainthought.Therearenovisualeyemovementsinthisstage.Again

inStageThreeittakesevenmorearousalthenStageTwosleep,toawakenapersonfromthisstateofsleep.

MostofthedreamsrememberedtakeplaceduringstageThreeSleep.

StageFoursleepisthedeepestofsleep.Thisiswherethebodyandmindgetsthemostrest.Brain

frequenciesincreaseslightlyinStageFoursleep.Inthisstageofsleeppeoplebegintheirdreams.Whena

personisdreamingyoucanvisuallytellbythemovementoftheeyes.Scientistmeasuredeepsleepby"R.

E.M.”whichsimplymeans“rapideyemovement".Whattheymeasureistheamountoftimeyoureyemoves

inStageFoursleepandalsobrainactivityalongwithfrequency.Onceagainmuchmorearousalisneededto

awakenastagefoursleeper.

5.HowlongdoesStageonesleeplastforyoungadults?

A.Aboutaminute.B.Aboutaquarter.

C.Aboutanhour.D.Aboutanight.

6.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph3?

A.Eyesdon'tmoveinstage2sleep.

B.Stage1sleepislighterthanstage2sleep.

C.Stage3sleepisreferredtoasaslowwavesleep.

D.Stage4sleepisthedeepestofsleep.

7.Inwhichstagedoesthebodyandmindgetthemostrest?

A.Stage1sleep.B.Stage2sleep.

C.Stage3sleep.D.Stage4sleep.

8.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?

9.What'sthisreadingabout?

A.Whatdoesdreamingstartwith.

B?Whatyourdreamsaretellingyou.

C.Whatstagesofsleepwegothrough.

D.Whatkindsofdreamsdowehave.

03

（2022」可二化?唐山市鳳凰中學(xué)——模）It'sacommonbeliefthatfishcan'trememberanythingforlonger

thansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthateverymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworld

fbrthefirsttime.Butdon'tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhavemuch

bettermemoriesthanweusedtothink.

Inthestudy,researchersfromMacEwanUniversityinCanadatrainedakindoffishcalledAfrican

cichlidstogotoacertainareaoftheirtanktogetfood.Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12days

beforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.Theyfoundthataftersuchalongbreakthefishstillwenttothe

sameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.

Infact,scientistshadbeenthinkingforalongtimethatAfricancichlidsmighthaveagoodmemory.

Buttherewasnoclearevidenceuntilthelatestfindings.

Justasagoodmemorycanmakeourliveseasier,italsoplaysanimportantpartwhenafishistryingto

surviveinthewild."Iffishareabletorememberthatacertainareacontains（容納）safefood,theywillbe

abletogobacktothatareawithoutputtingtheirlivesindanger,leadresearcherTrevorHamiltontoldLive

Science.

Sonexttimeyouarewatchingyourpetfishfromoutsidethetank,perhapsyoushouldfeelclosetothem

一theymayrememberwhoyouare.

10.Weoftenfeelsorryforfishbecause.

A.theyhavebadmemoriesB.theycan'trememberanything

C.theyareoftenusedforresearchD.everymomentintheirlivesisnew

11.Whydidtheresearcherscarryouttheresearch?

A.Toknowiffishcanfindfoodeasily.

B.Tofindoutiffishhavebettermemories.

C.Totellusfishcanlivefordayswithoutwater.

D.Toshowfishcanlivelongwithouteatingthings.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tank"inParagraph2mean?

A.Akindoffishfood.B.Akindofhidingplace.

C.Acontainerforholdingwater.D.Acontainerfbrkeepingfish.

04

（2021?福建」二杭縣教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校九年級(jí)期中）Haveyoueversplashed（濺灑）waterontoyourshirt

rightbeforeanimportantevent?Usually,clothesbecomedarkerincolorwhentheygetwet.Itwouldcertainly

beniceifthewaterdidn'tchangethecoloroftheclothessomuch.Butsadly,thisisn'thowthingswork.So

whydoclothesoftenappeardarkerwhentheygetwet.

Beforeunderstandingthisquestion,weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookathowwe"see"colors.Takeared

shirtasanexample.Whenit'shitbythelightfromthesun,ittakesindifferentwavelengths（波長(zhǎng)）oflight,

exceptfortheredlightwavelength.Theredlightwavelengthisreflectedtooureyes.Thatiswhytheshirt

appearsredtous.

Nowlefsreturntothewetshirt.Whenthelighthitsawetshirt,ithastopassthroughthewateronthe

shirt.Thelightthatshouldbereflectedbytheshirtre-absorbed（重新吸收）bythewater.Thismeansless

lightwillbesenttooureyes.Asaresult,theshirtlooks"darker”.

Butremember:sometimesawetshirtcanseembrighterwhenviewedfromacertainangle.Thesurface

oftheshirtisusuallyrough（粗糙的）.Addingwatertoitmakesitsmoother.Asmoothsurfacereflectslight

inadifferentwayfromaroughsurface.Thus,youmayseeasmallandbrightreflectionofthelightfroma

certainangle.Sobasically,awetshirtwillbedarkerthanadryone,butitcanalsoappearmore“shiny”at

times.

13.Howdoesthewriterexplainhowwe"see"colors?

A.Byshowingafact.B.Byraisingaquestion.

C.Bygivinganexample.D.Byshowinghisexperience.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reflected”inParagraph2meaninChinese?

A.穿透B.中斷C.接收D.反射

15.Whatwillhappenafterthelightpassesthroughthewaterontheshirt?

A.Morelightwillbesenttooureye.B.Certainlightwillbere-absorbedbythewater.

C.Thewaterontheshirtwillbeabsorbed.D.Thelightreflectedbywaterwillbereduced.

16.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Youcanmakeyourshirtmoreroughbyaddingwatertoit.

B.Thelightonasmoothsurfacereflectsisdifferentfromlightontheroughonereflects.

C.Fromdifferentangles,somesmallandbrightreflectionofthelightcanbeseen.

D.Itisunusualtoseeawetshirtisdarkerthanadryoneinourdailylife.

17.Whichpictureshowsthestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）ofthepassage?

（2022?河南?輝縣市教育局教學(xué)研究室二模）Timefileswhenyouplayonyoursmartphone.But

whenyougetdowntotherealbusinessofworkandstudy,onehourfeelslikeayear.Whyarewesoattracted

bysmartphonesbuteasilyboredbystudying?

Itallbollsdowntosomethingsmallandhardtosee:dopamine（多巴胺）.Dopamineisa"pleasure

chemicar,thatmakespeoplefeelgood.Ourbrainsgiveitoutwhenweeatyummyfood,afterweexercise

orwhenwegetaprize.

Comparedwithstudying,playingonsmartphonescausesourbrainstogiveoutmoredopamine.For

example,checkingyourphoneforatextleadstoa400percentincreaseindopamine.Butwhy?

Whenwevisitsocialmedia,wedon'tknowwhatwe'llseenext,orwhowillgiveopinionsaboutthings

wepost（發(fā)布）.This“magicofmaybe”,makesthedopaminesystemactive.Wegetexcitedwonderingif

wehavemessagesfromourfriends.Whenourexpectations（期待）aremet,dopamineisgivenout.

Andtofindmoredopamine,wecontinuecheckingourphones.Studyingdoesn'tprovidesuchmagic.

Withoutthisexcitement,wegetboredmuchmoreeasily.

Canwedosomethingtochangethat?Accordingtoscientists,appscanbecomelessattractiveifweturn

offnotifications（通知）orchangethescreencolorstoblackandwhite.Wecanalsosettimelimitsonapps

toavoidusingthemtoomuch.

Asforstudying,youcouldcheckyourprogressdailyorweeklyandrewardyourselfforit,saidDaniel

Wong,writerofTheHappyStudent.Youcouldalsosearchforinterestingtopicsconnectedwithyour

textbook.Usewhatyou'velearnedtomakeaninfluenceintherealworld.Thiswillmakeknowledgemuch

moreinterestingtolearn.

18.Accordingtothearticle,whatarestudentslikewhentheystudy?

A.Theygetveryattracted.

B.Theyaregettinghappier.

C.Theyfeeltimepassmoreslowly.

D.Theirbraingiveoutmoredopamine.

19.Whatmightthephrase“boilsdownto“meaninParagraph2?

A.worksoutB.turnsoutC.leadstoD.resultsfrom

20.Whendopeoplehavemoredopamine?

A.Whentheyknowwhatwillhappennext.

B.Whentheystayinafamiliarenvironment.

C.Whentheirexpectationsaremet.

D.Whentheyfacefewerunknownthings.

21.Whatisparagraph4about?

A.Itintroducesawaytogetmoremessagesfromourfriends.

B.Itgivesanexampleofspendingtimehappilyonsocialmedia.

C.Itdescribeshowscientistsdiscoverthewaydopamineworks.

D.Itexplainswhyplayingonsmartphonescausesmoredopamine.

22.WhichofthefollowingmightDanielWongsuggesttomakelearninginteresting?

A.Settingtimelimitsoneverythingyoudo.

B.Stoppingplayingandfindingmoreinterestsinreallife.

C.Usingwhatyoulearnfromtextbookstodothingsinreallife.

D.Readingtheinterestingpartinyourtextbooksbeforereadingtheothers.

參考答案：

1.B2.D3.A4.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了中國(guó)數(shù)字化的發(fā)展，數(shù)字化給中國(guó)人民的生活帶來(lái)非常大的便利，中國(guó)也在促

進(jìn)5G通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“Peopletakelesscash（現(xiàn)金）withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsaccept

WeChatPayandAlipay.”可知，由于大多數(shù)商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付寶支付，所以人們隨身攜

帶的現(xiàn)金較少了。由此說明用手機(jī)在線支付更方便。故選B。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallof

thesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps."可知，你可以利用手機(jī)購(gòu)物，旅行，交流，娛樂，

所有的活動(dòng)只需用手指點(diǎn)擊幾下。文中沒有提到利用手機(jī)能做飯。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Mobileratesfordomesticroaming（國(guó)內(nèi)漫游）andlongdistancecallswouldbe

cancelled”可知，使用手機(jī)的成本更低了。故選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In2020,China's5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina'smobile

telecommunicationovertake（反超）theinternationalcommunity's”可推知，選項(xiàng)D“中國(guó)的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)

投入使用。”正確。故選D。

5.B6.B7.D8.A9.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了我們所經(jīng)歷的四個(gè)睡眠階段。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“YoungadultsspendtentofifteenminutesanightinStageOnesleep.“可知年輕人

每晚花10到15分鐘進(jìn)行第一階段睡眠。故選Bo

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SinceStageTwoisadeepersleepthanStageOne,itwilltakemorearousaltoawaken

apersonfromthisstageofsleep.^^（由于第二階段比第一階段睡眠更深，因此需要更多的喚醒才能將人

從這一睡眠階段喚醒。）可知第一階段的睡眠比第二階段的睡眠要輕。故選B。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"StageFoursleepisthedeepestofsleep.Thisiswherethebodyandmindgetsthe

mostrest「可知在第四階段身心可以得到最大的休息，故選Do

8.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段是點(diǎn)明主題：當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們會(huì)經(jīng)歷四個(gè)階段。第二、三、四、五

段分別介紹四個(gè)睡眠階段，故選A。

9.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Whenwesleeptherearefourstagesthatwegothrough.”結(jié)合全文可知本文主要

講述了我們所經(jīng)歷的四個(gè)睡眠階段。故選C。

10.B11.B12.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇科普知識(shí)類閱讀，主要講述了以前人們都認(rèn)為魚類的記憶只能保持7秒鐘，但

是實(shí)驗(yàn)表明其實(shí)它們可以有長(zhǎng)達(dá)12天的記憶，要比以前人們想的聰明得多。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"It'sacommonbeliefthatfishcan'trememberanythingforlongerthansevenseconds.

Itmayseemsadtothinkthateverymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.

Butdon'tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.”可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為魚在7秒鐘內(nèi)什么都記不住，故選B。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理拼軍題o根據(jù)“Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhavemuchbettermemoriesthanweusedtothink.^^

和“Inthestudy,researchersfromMacEwanUniversity...Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12days

beforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.”可知，做這個(gè)研究目的是看看魚是否有更好的記憶力。故選

Bo

12.詞義猜測(cè)題o根據(jù)“Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthe

tankagain.”可知，他們把魚拿出來(lái)等了12天再把魚放回去，所以“tank”為養(yǎng)魚的容器，故選D。

13.C14.D15.B16.B17.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要解釋了“衣服濕了顏色會(huì)變深”這一現(xiàn)象。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookathowwe'see5colors.Takearedshirtasan

example”可知，通過舉例來(lái)說明這一現(xiàn)象，故選C。

14.詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Theredlightwavelengthisreflectedtooureyes.Thatiswhytheshirtappearsred

tous”可知，因?yàn)榧t光波長(zhǎng)被反射到我們的眼睛，所以我們看襯衫是紅色的，故選D。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“Thelightthatshouldbereflectedbytheshirtre-absorbedbythewater”可知，應(yīng)

該被襯衫反射的光被水重新吸收，故選B。

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Asmoothsurfacereflectslightinadifferentwayfromaroughsurface”可知，光

滑的表面反射光的方式與粗糙的表面不同，故選B。

17.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)全文可知，第一段以日常生活為例引出話題；第二段以紅色襯衫為例解釋我

們?cè)鯓幽軌蚩吹?/p>