現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)

GrammarThe-ingform主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone-ing可以在句中作主、賓、表、定、狀、賓補(bǔ)。注意：完成式不能用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)。一、the–ingform作定語(yǔ)

anamusingstorythelaughingaudience

swimmingpoor

readingroom

writingpaper

washingmachinetherisingsun

surprisingnewsthecomingschoolyear好笑的故事正在發(fā)笑的觀眾游泳池閱覽室書寫紙洗衣機(jī)正在升起的太陽(yáng)令人驚訝的消息下一學(xué)年

thewalletlyingonthedesk放在桌子上的錢夾theboystandingunderthetree站在樹下的男孩thegirleatinganapple

吃蘋果的女孩1．–ing作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，單個(gè)詞放在被修飾詞的前邊；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)那么必須置于其后。2．The-ingform分為動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞兩種，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)意義不一樣.asleepingboyasleepingbag一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的男孩一個(gè)睡袋=aboywhichissleeping=abagforsleeping此時(shí)，-ing表示被修飾詞boy發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)明其特征、特點(diǎn)。此時(shí)，-ing表示被修飾詞bag的用途。動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞awalkingmanawalkingstick=amanwhoiswalking=astickforwalking正在走路的人供走路用的拐杖動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞注意：動(dòng)名詞只能單獨(dú)使用作前置定語(yǔ)，

不能后置P54.13．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)意義上接近一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.如：Chinaisadevelopingcountry=Chinaisacountrywhichisdeveloping.中國(guó)是個(gè)開展中國(guó)家。Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.=Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.要去徒步旅游的學(xué)生在這里簽句。Isawasleepinggirlinthewaitingroom.=Isawagirlwhowassleepinginthewaitingroom.

在候車室我看見一個(gè)熟睡的女孩。ThemantalkingwithourheadmasterisTom‘sfather.=ThemanwhoistalkingwithourheadmasterisTom'sfather.正和校長(zhǎng)談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆的父親。4.現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是分詞所修飾的那個(gè)詞。5．現(xiàn)在分詞的意義1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：TheprofessorgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.

正在做關(guān)于污染報(bào)告的教授來(lái)自哈佛大學(xué)。Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.=Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.要去徒步旅游的學(xué)生在這里簽句。=TheprofessorwhoisgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(being+過(guò)去分詞)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：ThefreewaybeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.正在建設(shè)的高速公路將直通新港碼頭。=ThefreewaywhichisbeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.3)．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式“having+過(guò)去分詞〞不能作定語(yǔ)，此時(shí)可以用一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句代替。如：你了解昨天發(fā)生的事故嗎?誤：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidenthavinghappenedyesterday?正：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?贏得冠軍的中國(guó)女子排球隊(duì)于昨晚到達(dá)首都機(jī)場(chǎng)。誤：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamhavingwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.正：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamthathadwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.二、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1．感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear,feel,notice等后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：Isawhimrunningdownthestreet.我看見他沿著街跑。Ifeltanantclimbingovermyleg.我感到一只螞蟻正在我的腿上爬。SuddenlyInoticedherstandingoutside.突然我注意到她正站在外邊。2．have,leave,deep等使役動(dòng)詞后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)〞。如：Iwouldhavehimwaitingformeatthegateofthepark.我要他在公園門口等我。Sorry,Ikeptyouwaitingforalongtime.對(duì)不起，您久等了。Theyshutthedoorandleft,leavingthefireburning.他們關(guān)上門走開了，留下火在燃燒。1.The____boywaslastseen___neartheEastLake.(2000Shanghai)A.missing,playingB.missing,playC.missing,playedD.missed,toplay2.Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree.A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying3.Seeingthesun___abovethes