2023年考研外語模擬試卷3

考研外語模擬試卷3

一、UseofEnglish

1、Manycountrieswillnotallowcigaretteadvertisingin

theirnewspaperoronTV-especially[1]theadvertisementsare

usuallywrittenwithyoungpeopleinmind.[2]advertising,

thetobaccocompanieshavebegunto[3]sportsevents.They

givemoneytofootball,motorracing,tennisandanumberof

[4]sports[5]conditionthatthenameofthecigaretteis

[6]Thisisnow[7]concern,becauseitdoesexactly[8]

manyadstrytodo-suggestthatsmokinghassomeconnection[9]

beingstrongandathletic.

Inallthis,thepointofviewofthenon-smokershastobe[10]

aswell:z，3wishsmokerwouldstop[11]theair.IwishIcould

eatinarestaurant[12]havingtosmellcigarettessmoke.”

Ithasbeen[13]that,inaroomwherealargenumberofpeople

aresmoking,anon-smokerwillbreatheinthe[14]oftwoor

threecigarettesduringanevening.[15],non-smokersarenow

majorityinmanywesterncountries.Moreandmorepeopleare

givingupthehabit,discouragedbyhighprices,influencedby

[16]advertisingorjustawarethatsmokingisnolongerreally

apolitethingtodo.

Facedwithlowersales,thewesterntobaccocompanieshave

beguntolookoutsidetheirowncountries.Theyhavebegun

advertising[17]topersuadeyoungpeopleindeveloping

countriesthatsmokingAmericanorBritishorFrenchcigarette

isasophisticatedwesternhabit,whichtheyshouldcopy.As

aresult,moreandmoreyoungpeoplearespending[18]money

theyhaveonaproductwhichthewestrecognizes[19)unhealthy

andnolongerwants.ThehighnumberofyoungsmokersinIndia,

inSouthAmericaandinSouthEastAsiawillbecomesomeof

tomorrow,s[20].

(1)

A.that

B.when

C.where

D.since

2、(2)

A.Intheplaceof

B.Inplaceof

C.Besides

D.Except

3、⑶

A.promote

B.develop

C.sponsor

D.help

4、⑷

A.other

B.another

C.others

D.some

5、⑸

A.on

B.in

C.with

D.under

6、(6)

A.suggested

B.claimed

C.mentioned

D.declared

7、(7)

A.causing

B.making

3

C.giving

D.setting

8、(8)

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.what

9、(9)

A.with

B.of

C.for

D.to

10、(10)

A.believed

B.thought

C.considered

D.regarded

11、(H)

A.damaging

B.spoiling

C.decaying

D.destroying

4

12、(12)

A.inspiteof

B.ratherthan

C.becauseof

D.without

13、(13)

A.reported

B.calculated

C.said

D.believed

14、(14)

A.same

B.comparable

C.equal

D.equivalent

15、(15)

A.However

B.Actually

C.Then

D.So

16、(16)

A.non-smoking

B.no-smoking

C.anti-smoking

D.againstsmoking

17、(17)

A.struggles

B.fights

C.campaigns

D.battles

18、(18)

A.thelittle

B.alittle

C.little

D.somelittle

19、(19)

A.by

B.for

C.as

D.with

20、(20)

A.difficulties

B.phenomena

C.problems

6

D.situations

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompanies

cannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywant

tobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsin

foreigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessful

internationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,have

jumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersin

internationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylesson

whenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.

"Nova"isLatinfor“new(star)“andmeans"star"inmany

languages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike"nova",

meaning"itdoesn'tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwith

thatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales

“pickedup"dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeverage

companies.OneAmericanfoodcompany'sfriendly"JollyGreen

Giant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquite

differentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas''Intimidating

GreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi'spopularslogan,“Come

AlivewithPepsi"cameoutimplying"ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.

NowondercustomersinGermanydidn，trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn'tstopwithgood

translations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedand

understoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,

tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,or

economyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanew

perfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductaroused

littleinterest.Themainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedin

itwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmerican

countries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,

companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheir

translationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessional

不_____Q

q8

translatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageandits

idiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled”back

translation"toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothe

targetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effective

translatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofan

advertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationofthe

originalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencauses

misunderstandings.

Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneed

tobeshortandsimple.

Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunny

inonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.

Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe.

A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising

B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations

C.OvercomeCulturalSockinDifferentCountries

D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles

2、

Whatdoestheword"blunder"meaninthispassage?

A.hesitation

B.mistake

C.stutter

D.default

3、

Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethe

gistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?

A.Culturalshocks

B.Faultytranslations

C.Avoidculturaloversights

D.Preventblunders

4、

WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword

“camellia"mostprobablymean.

A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell

B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals

C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedfor

funerals

D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals

5、

Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferent

countriesisto.

A.firethetranslatorswhodon，tknowthetargetlanguage

B.usethetechniquecalled“l(fā)iteraltranslation"toreduce

thepossibilityofblunders

C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes

D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforother

countries

6、Ifthereisonethingscientistshavetohear,itisthat

thegameisover.Raisedonthebeliefofanendlessvoyageof

discovery,theyrecoilfromthesuggestionthatmostofthebest

thingshavealreadybeenlocated.Iftheyhave,today's

scientistscanhopetocontributenomorethanafewgracenotes

tothesymphonyofscience.

AbooktobepublishedinBritainthisweek,TheEndofScience,

arguespersuasivelythatthisisthecase.Itsauthor,John

Horgan,isaseniorwriterforScientificAmericanmagazine,

whohasinterviewedmanyoftoday'sleadingscientistsand

sciencephilosophers.Theshockofrealizingthatsciencemight

beovercametohim,hesays,whenhewastalkingtoOxford

mathematicianandphysicistSirRogerPenrose.

TheEndofScienceprovokedawaveofdenunciationintheUnited

Stateslastyear."Thereactionhasbeenoneofcompleteshock

anddisbelief,"Mr.Horgansays.

Therealquestioniswhetheranyremainingunsolvedproblems,

ofwhichthereareplenty,lendthemselvestouniversal

solutions.Iftheydonot,thenthefocusofscientific

discoveryisalreadynarrowing.Sincethetriumphsofthe

1960s一thegeneticcode,platetectonics,andthemicrowave

backgroundradiationthatwentalongwaytowardsprovingthe

BigBang—genuinescientificrevolutionshavebeenscarce.

Morescientistsarenowalive,spendingmoremoneyonresearch,

thatever.Yetmostofthegreatdiscoveriesofthe19thand

20thcenturiesweremadebeforetheappearanceofstate

sponsorship,whenthescientificenterprisewasafractionof

itspresentsize.

Werethescientistswhomadethesediscoveriesbrighterthan

today*s?Thatseemsunlikely.Afarmorereasonableexplanation

isthatfundamentalsciencehasalreadyenteredaperiodof

diminishedreturns."Look,don'tgetmewrong,“saysMrHorgan.

“Therearelotsofimportantthingsstilltostudy,andapplied

scienceandengineeringcangoonforever.Ihopewegetacure

forcancer,andformentaldisease,thoughtherearefewreal

signsofprogress.”

Thesentence"mostofthebestthingshavealreadybeen

located'7couldmean.

A.mostofthebestthingshavealreadybeenchanged

B.mostofthebestthingsremaintobechanged

C.therehaveneverbeensomanybestthingswaitingtobe

discovered

D.mostsecretsoftheworldhavealreadybeendiscovered

7、

JohnHorgan.I.haspublishedabookentitledTheEnd

ofScienceII.hasbeenworkingasaneditorofScientific

AmericanIII.hasbeenworkingmanyyearsasaliterarycritic

IV.isworkingasasciencewriter

A.IandII

B.I

C.IandIV

D.I,IIandIV

8、

Therehavenotbeenmanygenuinescientificrevolutionsinthe

pastfewdecadesbecause.

A.therehavebeendecreasedreturnsintheresearchof

fundamentalscience

B.therearetoomanyimportantthingsforscientiststostudy

C.appliedscienceandengineeringtakeuptoomuchtimeand

energy

D.today'sscientistsarenotasintelligentasthoseinthe

past

9、

Theterm"theBigBang"probablyrefersto.

A.thegeneticcodetheory

B.ageologicaltheory

C.atheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse

D.theoriginandthepowerofatomicenergy

10、

Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe.

A.GreatScientificDiscoveriesWillNeverBePossible

B.TheHarshChallengeHastoBeMetbyModernScientists

C.TheStateSponsorshipandScientificEnterpriseAreAll

inVain

D.TheChanceforGreatScientificDiscoveriesBecomesScarce

11、WhenIwasakid,Ineverknewwhatmyparents一oranyone

else's—didforaliving.Asfaras1couldtell,allgrownups

hadmysteriousjobsthatinvolveddrinkinglotsofcoffeeand

arguingaboutRichardNixon.Iftheyhadjob-relatedstress,

theykeptitprivate.NowAmericanfamiliesareexpectedtobe

moreintimate.Whilethishasresultedinalotmorehugs,"I

loveyou's,"andattendanceatkids'footballgames,

unfortunatelyweparentsalsoinsistonsharingthe

frustrationsofourworklives.

Whilewehavecomplainedaboutourjobsorfallenasleepin

car-poollines,ourchildrenhavebeennoticing.Theyare

worriedaboutus.Anewsurvey,“Askthechildren,''conducted

bytheFamiliesandWorkInstituteofNewYorkCity,queried

morethan1,000kidsbetweentheagesof8and18abouttheir

parents'worklives."Ifyouweregrantedonewishtochange

thewayyourparents'workaffectedyourlife,“thesurveyasked

kids,“whatwouldthatwishbe?”Mostparentsassumedthat

childrenwouldwantmoretimewiththem,butonly10%did.

Instead,themostcommonwish(among34%)wasthatparentswould

belessstressedandtiredbywork.

AllisonLevinisthemotherofthreeyoungchildrenanda

professionalinthegrowingfieldof“work/lifequality”.Levin

counselsemployeeswhoareoverwhelmedbytheirworkandfamily

obligationstocarefullyreviewtheircommitments-notonlyat

theofficebutathomeandinthecommunitytoo—andstart

paringthemdown."It'snotaboutgettingupearlierinthe

morningsoyoucangetmoredone,“shesays."It'saboutsaying

noandmakingchoices.

Wecanstartbyleavingwork,andthoughtsofwork,behindas

soonaswestartthetriphome.Dosomethingtogetyourself

inagoodmood,likelisteningtomusic,ratherthanreturning

callsonthecellphone.Whenyougethome,changeoutofyour

workclothes,lettheansweringmachinetakeyourcalls,and

stayawayfrome-mail.Whenyourkidsaskaboutyourday,tell

themaboutsomethinggoodthathappened.(Inthesurvey,69%

ofmornssaidtheylikedtheirwork,butonly42%ofkidsthought

theirmothersreallydid.)

Parentscanalsode-stressbycuttingbackontheirchildren，s

activities.Ifkeepingupwithyourkid，sscheduleiskilling

you,insistthathechoosebetweenkaratelessonsandthe

theatertroupe.Parentsshouldalsosneakawayfromworkand

familyoccasionallytohavesomefun.Ikeepabasketballin

thetrunkofmycan.Imightneverbeabletofixeverything

atworkorathome,butatleastIcanworkonmyjumpshot.

Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbethebesttitleofthis

passage?

A.KidsSay:Chill

B.KidsStressParents

C.ParentsComplainaboutwork

D.ParentsGetinGoodMood

12、

Theauthormentionsherownchildhoodexperiencetoshowthat

A.sheneverunderstoodwhyherparentshadoddjobsandargued

aboutthepresident

B.shedidn'tknowwhatherparentsdidtoearnmoneyto

supportthefamilywhenshewasyoung

C.shedidunderstandwhytheAmericanbecamemoreandmore

closeandhuggedalot

D.shecouldseethattheAmericanparentskeepthestressand

tirednessfromworktothemselves

13、

Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthatnowadaysthe

children.

A.areveryanxiousabouttheirparentsfortheirhardwork

B.arelookingforwardtobeingwiththeirparents

C.areveryconsiderateabouttheirparents

D.areveryambitioustochangetheirparents'work

14、

Thephrase"paringthemdown"inthethirdparagraphmost

likelymeans.

A.gatheringtheworkandfamilydutiestogether

B.matchingtheworkqualitytolifequality

C.decreasingthedefeatingcommitments

D.denyingtofulfilltheirworkandfamilyobligations

15、

Whichofthefollowingisnotthewaytode-stresstheparents，

heavyburden?

A.Forgettingaboutthejobassoonasleavingtheoffice.

B.Reducingparticipatingtheactivitiesfortheoffice.

C.Sharingwiththechildrensomehappyexperience.

D.Takingpartmoreactivelyincommunityactivities.

16、“Hightech"and"stateoftheart“aretwoexpressions

thatdescribeverymoderntechnology.Hightechisjusta

shorterwayofsayinghightechnology.Andhightechnology

describesanyinvention,systemofdevicethatusesthenewest

ideasordiscoveriesofscienceandengineering.

Whatishightech?Acomputerishightech.Soisa

communicationssatellite.Amodernmanufacturingsystemis

surelyhightech.

HightechbecameapopularexpressionintheUnitedStates

duringtheearly1980's.Becauseofimprovementsintechnology,

peoplecouldbuymanynewkindsofproductsinAmericanstores,

suchashomecomputers,microwaveovens,etc.

“Stateoftheart"issomethingthatisasmodernaspossible.

Itisaproductthatisbasedontheverylatestmethodsand

technology.Somethingthatis"stateoftheart"isthenewest

possibledesignorproductofabusinessorindustry.Astate

ofthearttelevisionset,forexample,usesthemostmodern

electronicdesignandparts.Itisthebestthatonecanbuy.

“Stateoftheart"isnotanewexpression.Engineershaveused

itforyears,todescribethebestandmostmodernwayofdoing

something.

MillionsofAmericansbegantousetheexpressioninthelate

1970's.Thereasonwasthecomputerrevolution.Everycomputer

companyclaimedthatitscomputerswere"stateoftheart”.

Computertechnologychangedsofastthatastateoftheart

computertodaymightbeoldtomorrow.Theexpression“stateof

theart"becameascommonandpopularascomputersthemselves.

Nowallkindsofproductsaresaidtobe"stateoftheart”.

Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Totellhow“hightech"and"stateoftheart"have

developed.

B.Togiveexamplesofhightech.

C.Totellwhat"hightech"and"stateoftheart"are.

D.Todescribeverymoderntechnology.

17、

Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Americanstorescouldprovidenewkindsofproductstothe

people

B.Hightechdescribesatechnologythatisnottraditional.

C.Stateoftheartisnotaspopularas"hightech”.

D.Awoodenploughpulledbyoxenis"stateoftheart”.

18、

AllthefollowingexamplesarehightechEXCEPT.

A.amicrowaveoven

B.ahomecomputer

C.ahandpump

D.asatellite

19、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Sincethecomputerrevolution,theexpression"stateofthe

art“hasbecomepopular.

B.Stateoftheartmeanssomethingthatisthebestonecan

buy.

C.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,astate

oftheartcomputermayeasilybecomeoutofdate.

D.Allkindsofproductsare"stateoftheart"nowadays.

20、

Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.ComputerTechnology

B.HighTechandStateoftheArt

C.MostAdvancedTechnology

D.TwoNewExpressions

21、PartB(10points)

[A]Communicationmakesbothpartyknowmoreabouteachother

whichmakeanagreement.

[B]Theargumentitselfcannotexpandknowledge.

[C]Reasonabledebateplaysapostiveroleinknowledge

adrances

[D]Abasiccommonknowledgemabecontributiontotheargument

fromwhichpeoplelearnsomething.

[E]Generally,knowledgeisgainedbyargument.

[F]Learningcanbeinterruptedbytheargument.

Dowelearnmorefrompeoplewhoseviewsweshareincommonthan

fromthosewhoseideascontradictors?Thespeakerclaimsso,

forthereasonthatdisagreementcancausestressandinhabit

learning.Iconcedethatunduediscordcanimpedelearning.

Otherwise,inmyviewwelearnfarfromdiscourseanddebate

withthosewhoseideasweopposethanfrompeoplewhoseideas

areinaccordwithourown.

41.______

Admittedly,undersomecircumstancesdisagreementwithothers

canbecounterproductivetolearning.Forsupportingexamples,

oneneedlooknofurtherthanatelevisionset.Ontoday's

typicaltelevisionorradiotalkshow,disagreementusually

manifestsitselfinmeaninglessrhetoricalboutsandshouting

matches,duringwhichopponentsvietohavetheirownmessage

heard,buthavelittleinteresteitherinfindinganycommon

groundwithorinacknowledgingthemeritsoftheopponent，s

viewpoint.Understandably,neitherthecombatantsnorthe

viewerslearnanythingmeaningful.Infact,thesebattlesonly

servetoreinforcethepredispositionsandbiasesofall

concerned.Theendresultisthatlearningisimpeded.

42.______

Disagreementcanalsoinhibitlearningwhentwoopponents

disagreeonfundamentalassumptionsneededformeaningful

discourseanddebate.Forexample,astudentofpaleontology

learnslittleabouttheevolutionofananimalspeciesunder

currentstudybydebatingwithanindividualwhosereligious

beliefsystemprecludesthepossibilityofevolutiontobegin

with.And,economicsandfinancestudentslearnlittleabout

thedynamicsofalaissez-fairesystembydebatingwitha

socialistwhoseviewisthatacentralizedpowershouldcontrol

alleconomicactivity.

Asidefromtheforegoingtwoprovisions,however,I

fundamentallydisagreewiththespeaker,sclaim.Assuming

commongroundbetweentworationalandreasonableopponents

willingtodebateonintellectualmerits,bothopponentsstand

togainmuchfromthatdebate.Indeeditisprimarilythrough

suchdebatethathumanknowledgeadvances,whetheratthe

personal,community,orgloballevel.

44.______

Atthepersonallevel,bylisteningtotheirparents，rationale

fortheirseeminglyoppressiverulesandpolicies,teenagers

canlearnhowcertainbehaviorsnaturallycarrycertain

undesirableconsequences.Atthesametime,bylisteningto

theirteenagersconcernsaboutautonomyandaboutpeer

pressuresparentscanlearnthevaluablelessonthateffective

parentingandcontrolaretwodifferentthings.Atthe

communitylevel,throughdispassionatedialoguean

environmentalactivistcancometounderstandthelegitimate

economicconcernsofthosewhosejobsdependonthecontinued

profitableoperationofafactory.Conversely,thelattermight

standtolearnmuchaboutthepotentialpublic-healthpriceto

bepaidbyensuringjobgrowthandalowunemploymentrate.

Finally,atthegloballevel,twonationswithopposing

politicaloreconomicinterestscanreachmutuallybeneficial

agreementsbystrivingtounderstandtheother'slegitimate

concernsforitsnationalsecurity,itspoliticalsovereignty,

thestabilityofitseconomyandcurrency,andsoforth.

45.______

Insum,unlesstwoopponentsinadebateareeachwillingto

playonthesamefieldandbythesamerules,Iconcedethat

disag

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,unalloyed,

unslanted,objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthesedaysof

complexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupply

interpretation,themeaningofthefacts.Thisisthemost

importantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism—to

makecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomake

internationalnewsasunderstandableascommunitynews,to

recognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthing(withthe

possibleexceptionofsuchscribblingassocietyandclubnews)

as“l(fā)ocal"