2023年中考語法-非謂語動(dòng)詞講解及練習(xí)

非謂語動(dòng)詞

「構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形

動(dòng)詞不爐式

L在句中的作用1除謂語動(dòng)詞外的任何成分）

非

謂廠構(gòu)成:V.-ing

語動(dòng)絢IY

I用法（主、賓、表、定）

動(dòng)

詞

「構(gòu)成：V.-ing/V.-ed（規(guī)那么變化）

分詞

I用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）

(-)動(dòng)名詞

一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing"構(gòu)成

二、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能

功能例句說明

主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。

賓語動(dòng)詞賓語

1Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜歡打籃球。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或

Stampsareusedforsendingletters.郵票是被用來寄信經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。

介詞賓語的。

表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)

二Collectingstampsishishobby.化成作主語。

定語Sheisinthereadingroom.她在閱覽室。只說明它所修飾的詞的用途、所

Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。

教學(xué)方法。

注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。

我們初中階段常見的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend...(in),

feellike,beusedto(習(xí)慣于),giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp?我們可按下面的順□溜記憶這些詞。

完成實(shí)踐值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)

繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keepon,beusedto,giveup)

考慮建議不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)

喜歡思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)

（二）動(dòng)詞不定式

一、動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的構(gòu)成

不定時(shí)的根本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以不用to,這里的t。是不定式符號(hào)，本身無詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式

的否認(rèn)形式是not+(to+)動(dòng)詞原形。

二、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能

功能例句說明

TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=Itisnoteasyforusto作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，

主語

speakEnglish.講英語對(duì)我們來說不容易。而把不定式放在后面。

Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroom多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主

表語

everydayismywork.我的工作就是每天清掃這間屋子。語。

一Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓

賓語

■—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜歡打籃球。語。

Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、

賓補(bǔ)

我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。

定語Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。

I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。不定式作狀語,其邏輯主語要和句子的主語

狀語

IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）一致。

1.不定式作主語

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末

其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj,(+for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式

如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.—>ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.

It'simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.

注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如:

It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。

It*sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。

2.不定式作賓語

有些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：

wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：

Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？

②在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：

IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.

③常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式

Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,

could/would/willyouplease(not)do...

Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我寧愿待在房間里。

3.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：

Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。

tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：

MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語。

注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：

一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)>三讓(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)o但變被動(dòng)語

態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上同。如：

Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。

4.不定式作定語

①不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

②如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔(dān)憂的。

5.不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。如：

Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。

Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(一)

1.I'mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething?

A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating

2.Itwasgreatfunapicniconthehili.

A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had

3.It'sbadforyoureyescomputergamesforalongtime.

A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played

4.--DoyouoftenhearJohninhisroom?

----Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.

A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing

5.Whynot?

A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohome

C.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome

6.Theyweremadefourteenhoursaday.

A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork

7.Isitalwayseasierfriendsthantokeepthem?

A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made

8.It__Jacktwentyminutesthemathproblemyesterday.

A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedout

C.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout

9.Whenyouleave,don'tforget__offthelight.

A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned

10.Whodoyouthinkyou'dlike?

A.tomakefriendsB.makefriends

C.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith

11.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetriesittoooften.

A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat

12.----Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?

--ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.

A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone

13.Sallyhadnopenyesterdaymorning.

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith

14.JohnaskedDavidhow__Christmas.

A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate

15.WeallconsideredMrZhaoteacher.

A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest

16.It'sverykind__youto____me____theheavybag.

A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry

17.Haveyoudecided?

A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowith

C.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo

18.Herhopeagoldmedalinthe2023OlympicGames.

A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin

19.Themeetingroomisbigenoughonehundredpeople.

A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds

20.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife?

A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelon

C.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith

21.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan__himfish.

A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave

22.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungmanafterdrinking.

A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive

23.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway__thewildanimals?

A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect

24.Tdratheronthelandinafactory.

A.work;thanworkB.work;work

C.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork

25.Mygrandfatherisusedahatinwinter.

A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing

26.Fmsorryyouenoughhelp.

A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven

27.SomestudentsfromGrade9dosomefortheold.

A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaning

C.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean

28.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen__bythelake.

A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew

29.Tomistomakealivingbyhimself.

A.veryoldB.tooyoungC.toobigD.toostrong

30.1find__himallaboutit.

A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessaryto

C.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell

31.Theoldmanseemsinagreathurry.

A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing

32.1____thesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.

A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtolivein

C.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtolive

33.It'stimeforsuppernow.Let'sit.

A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving

34.Youarenotexpected__suchlonghours.

A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work

35.Hisfatheragreed__$4,000forthecar.

A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying

36.Themanpretended__whenwesawhim.

A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating

37.Hedoesn'tknow.

A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo

38.Todayweusemachinesusdomostofourwork.

A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped

39.Shepreferredmethere.

A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stay

40.We'regoingtohelpthetrees.

A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（二）

l.Nooneenjoysat.

A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed

2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.

A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin

3.Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.

A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven

4.一Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.

——Youshouldn*thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.

A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking

5.Hisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit.

A.painting；paintedB.painted；painting

C.painting；paintingD.painted；painted

6.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.

A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof

7.Apolicemansawtwothieves__agirl'smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.

A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen

8.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething.

A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed

9.Shedecidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.

A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study

10.lttooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinishmycar.

A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired

11.It'snogoodoversplitmilk.

A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry

12.Haveyouforgotten$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaserememberit

tomonow?

A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bring

C.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing

13.Theclassroomwants.

A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning

14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmindforus.

A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited

15.Mybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.

A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped

16.WeshouldoftenpractiseEnglishwitheachother.

A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking

17.Keeponandyouwillsucceed.

A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying

18.Hisparentsinsistontocollege.

A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo

19.Thestorywassofunnythatwe.

A.couldn'thelplaughB.can*tbutlaugh

C.couldn*thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh

20.Whatabouttotheconcertwithus?

A.wegoB.wegoingC.goingD.togo

21.cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.

A.lbbekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping

22.Seeingis.

A.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelieved

23.Thescientistsuggestedtheexperimentinadifferentway.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.done

24.Don'tforgetthisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.

A.toreturnB.returningC.returnD.toreturning

25.Onlyoneofthesebooksis.

A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading

26.Wearebothlookingforwardtonextweek.

A.goingonvacationB.goonvacation

C.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacation

27.Hehadnodifficultytheproblems.

A.workingoutB.havingworkedoutC.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkout

28.Iregrettedthattoher.

A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD./

29.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.

A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing

30.Don'thavethemachineallthetime.Itwillgowrong.

A.torunB.runningC.beenrunD.run

31.Thefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasameal.

A.satisfyingB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.satisfy

32.Lookaroundwhenthestreet.

A.acrossB.crossingC.crossedD.tobecrossing

33.Inthemorningshefoundherfatherinbed,dead.

A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying

34.1sawhimintoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin.

A.goneB.goingC.wentD.togo

35.Pleasekeepquiet.Fatherisbusy.

A.workB.toworkC.workingD.works

36.Sallyhadnopenyesterdaymorning.

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith

37.It'stimeforclass.Stop,please.

A.totalkB.talkC.talksD.talking

38.YoushouldworktonightinsteadofTV.

A.towatchB.watchingC.towatchingD.watched

39.Listen!Canyouhearthegirlthepianointhenextroom?

A.toplayB.playC.playingD.plays

40.Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithoutthedoor.

A.knockB.knockingatC.toknockatD.knockingto

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（三）

1.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

2.Youcan'thavethehorsealltheway.It'stoohot.

A.runB.torunC.runningD.toberunning

3.WhenIcameback,Ifoundthehouseandeverything.

A.wasbroken;tookawayB.brokeninto;takenaway

C.hadbeenbroken;takenD.breakinto;takeaway

4.Thehousetheyinthefloodsmustberebuiltbeforewintercomes.

A.hadwashedawayB.hadtowashaway

C.hadthemwashedawayD.hadwashedthemaway

5.Iwasfortunatetopickupawalletonthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,Ifoundmy

colorTVsetwhenIgothome.

A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing

6-Didyouhearherthispopsongthistimetheotherday?

—Yes,andIheardthissonginEnglish.

A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung

7.ThemoneycollectedshouldbemadegoodusethepeopleinSouthAsiawhosufferedalotinthekiller

earthquakeandtsunami.

A.ofhelpB.tohelpC.tohelpingD.oftohelp

8.WhenIcamehomelastnight,Isawmylittlekidonthebed,withhiswholeattentionuponthebook

aboutHarryPorter.

A.lying;fixingB.lay;fixedC.sitting;tofixD.seated;fixed

9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.

A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry

10.Onmywayhome;Isawathief