高考英語閱讀理解專題推理判斷題

ReadingComprehension-InferenceQuestions閱讀理解專題--推理判斷題1.

推斷隱含意義

2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的

4.推斷文章出處

5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容

閱讀推理判斷題推斷題分類1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis

.Thewritersuggeststhat

.Thestoryimpliesthat

.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat

.

這類題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語。一、如何推斷隱含意義要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。解答這類題時，首先通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點；然后研讀，理解相關(guān)信息點的字面意義；結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。

推測隱含意義選擇答案時，注意排除以下干擾項，以便縮小選擇范圍：(1)原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論。(考生易誤選)(2)推理過度的片面結(jié)論。(3)與文中內(nèi)容不符或完全相反的結(jié)論等。(4)符合考生已有常識，但文章中沒有信息支持。(考生易誤選)

2.技巧點撥1).全面分析2).忠實原文3).不要選擇表層信息ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived……..(1分鐘)●FromParagragh1welearnthatthevillagers____.A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers3.Practice:1(passage1)SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.

●Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison______.A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatedandCanadaB.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC.existedbeforetheIceAgeD.havebeenkilledorhavediedout2P2二、如何推斷作者觀點和態(tài)度：說明文中作者的態(tài)度:objectiveneutral（中立的）；在議論文中，有：(1)positive(2)negative(3)neutral(4)approval

(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)sarcastic（諷刺的）

(8)critical(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic客觀的消極的漠不關(guān)心的不贊成的樂觀的悲觀的贊同的批判的1.Questionforms:Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor，

______.2.技巧點撥注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的弦外之音。（1）可能是自己的觀點或看法（2）社會的一種普遍傾向（3）與本文無關(guān)（4）與作者相反的觀點或看法

選擇答案時，注意排除以下干擾項，以便縮小選擇范圍：Passage3.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反應(yīng)).（2分鐘）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.3Passage4.Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure---thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.

4Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.

Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.

（3分鐘）●Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitudetowardsdangeroussports.

A.positiveB.negativeC.neutral

D.nervous三、如何推斷寫作目的1.Questionforms:(1)

考查整篇文章的寫作目的A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)

考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.2.常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1)toentertainreaders（讓人發(fā)笑）(2)topersuadereaders(3)toinformreaders（告知讀者）常見于故事類的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常見于廣告類的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章.3.技巧點撥

(1)

根據(jù)文體類別推斷寫作目的(2)

從寫作手法來推斷寫作目的Passage5.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分鐘）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem5Passage6【2012重慶卷B篇】Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom"100bookstoread".Aren'tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof"101thingsnottodo":GotoSeetheMonaLisa?Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile…So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101TingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie.co.ukandbuythebookata20％discount.●.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseabookB.TointroduceawebsiteC.TocommentonpopularlistsD.Torecommendtouristactivities.6Passage7【2012全國II卷D篇】ADDISABABA,Ethiopia-Oneoftheworld'smostfamousfossils(化石)-the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974-willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital…AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalServiceintoU.S.tour.TexasspentfouryearsdisscusingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.

●.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto_______.A.introduceafewU.S.museumsB.describesomeresearchworkC.discussthevalueofanape-manD.reportacomingevent新聞報道寫作目的通常用report1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推斷文章出處2.解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1)newspaper(2)advertisement(3)thedirectionoftheproducts(4)Textbook(5)magazine

（1）報紙：

前面會出現(xiàn)日期，地點，或通訊社名稱（2）廣告格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)（3）產(chǎn)品說明器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間，次數(shù)，藥量等Passage8（全國卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotabletswithwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelieftaketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.（2分鐘）

A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine7Passage9【2012北京卷A篇】TheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellas…...BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledge…….Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsand…….WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.●Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan. D.Anadvertisement2.解題技巧推測下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理必須特別最后的兩三句話推測上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段開始的幾句話。五．推斷上下文內(nèi)容

Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_______Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss______.P