2023年考研外語(yǔ)考前摸底試卷10

考研外語(yǔ)考前摸底試卷10

一、UseofEnglish

1、There(1)notonetypeofreadingbutseveral

accordingtoyourreasonsforreading.Toreadcarefully,you

haveto(2)yourreadingspeedandtechnique(3)your

aim(4)reading.Skimmingisatechniquenecessaryfor

quickandefficientreading.

Whenskimming,you(5)thereading(6)quicklyin

ordertogetthe(7)ofit,toknowhowitisorganized,

(8)anideaofthetoneortheintentionofthewriter.

Skimmingis(9)anactivitywhich(10)anoverall

viewofthetextand(11)adefinitereadingcompetence.

Skimmingdoesn，tneedreadingallthematerial,butitdoesn，t

meanthatitisan(12)skillforthelazy,becauseitneed

ahighdegreeofalertnessandconcentration.

Whenyouread,youusuallystartwith(13)understanding

andmovetowardsdetailedunderstandingratherthanworkingthe

otherwayround.But(14)isalsousedafteryouhave

alreadycarefullystudiedandyouneedto(15)themajor

ideasandconcepts.

Inordertobeabletoskimquicklyand(16)throughatext,

youshouldknowwheretolookforwhatyouwant.Inpreview

skimmingyoureadtheintroductoryinformation,theheadings

andsubheadings,andthesummary,ifoneisprovided.(17)_____

thisskimming,decidewhethertoreadthematerialmore

thoroughly,andselecttheappropriatespeed(18)youread.

Thesameprocedure(19)forpreviewskimmingcouldalso

beusedtogetanoverview.Anothermethodwouldbetoreadonly

keywords.Thisisdonebyomittingtheunnecessarywords,

phrases,andsentences.

Inordertoskimefficientlyandfulfillyourpurpose,

(20)practiceisnecessary.

A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were

2、(2)

A.adapt

B.adopt

C.change

D.adept

3、⑶

A.on

B.about

C.for

D.to

4、⑷

A.on

B.while

C.as

D.at

5、⑸

A.runthrough

B.runover

C.goon

D.gothrough

6、(6)

A.substance

B.resource

C.source

D.material

7、(7)

A.fist

B.hist

3

C.gist

D.list

8、(8)

A.getting

B.toget

C.got

D.havegot

9、(9)

A.however

B.nevertheless

C.therefore

D.thus

10、(10)

A.requires

B.requests

C.requites

D.requisite

IK(11)

A.implies

B.applies

C.hints

D.points

4

12、(12)

A.awful

B.unsuitable

C.ideal

D.wrong

13、(13)

A.global

B.universal

C.unilateral

D.partial

14、(14)

A.reading

B.understanding

C.working

D.skimming

15、(15)

A.reverse

B.review

C.revise

D.revert

16、(16)

A.efficiently

to

5

B.effectively

C.affectively

D.effectually

17、(17)

A.When

B.As

C.After

D.Before

18、(18)

A.which

B.that

C.atwhich

D.atthat

19、(19)

A.using

B.used

C.use

D.beused

20、(20)

A.anumberof

B.anamountof

C.many

6

D.afew

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

WhenEuropeanUnion(EU)leaderstookdeliveryofEurope's

firstdraftofaconstitutionatasummitinGreecelastJune,

itwaswithalmostuniversalpraise.

TherewaswideagreementthatthetextcouldsavetheEUfrom

paralysisonceitexpandsfrom15to25membersnextyear.It

wou1dgiveEuropeamorestableleadershipandgreaterclout

ontheworldstage,saidthechairmanoftheConventionwhich

draftedtheagreement,formerFrenchPresidentValeryGiscard

Estaing.

Suchpraisewastoogoodtolast.Astheproductofaunique

16-monthpublicdebate,thedrafthasbecomeabattleground.

Lessthanfourmonthsafteritwasdelivered,thesameleaders

whoaccepteditopenedthesecondroundoftalksonitscontent

thisweekbytradingveiledthreatstoblockagreementorcut

offfundsiftheydon，tgettheirway.

Thetonewaspolite,butunyielding.Inablandjointstatement

issuedwhenthetalksopenedonOctober4,theleadersstressed

theconstitution,''representsavitalstepintheprocessaimed

atmakingEuropemorecohesive,moredemocraticandcloserto

itscitizens."Sharpdifferencesremain,though,between

membercountriesoftheEUovervotingrights,thesizeand

compositionoftheexecutiveEuropeanCommission,defense

co-operationandtheroleofreligioninthenewconstitution.

ItalianPrimeMinisterSilvioBerlusconi，shopesofwrapping

upadealontheconstitutionbyChristmasseemfarfrombeing

realized.WhilethesixfoundingmembersoftheEU一Germany,

France,Italy,theNetherlands,BelgiumandLuxembourg一plus

BritainandDenmark,wantaslittlechangeaspossibletothe

draft,the10mainlycentralEuropeancountriesduetojointhe

15-nationblocnextyearwanttoaltertheinstitution，s

balance.

Suchsmallstatesareafraidtheirviewswillbeignoredunder

theconstitutionandaredeterminedtodefendthe

disproportionatevotingrightstheywonatthe2000NiceSummit.

EUexpertsfearsuchsharpdifferenceswillcreateexactlythe

paralysisintheEUtheConventionwasestablishedtoavoid.

ThefirstdraftoftheEUconstitutionwasaimedat_____.

A.turningEUintoasuperpowerintheworld'seconomy.

B.servingtheinterestofthe10nationsplanningtocome

aboard.

C.buildingabetterelectionsystemforexcellentleadership.

D.preventingEUfromineffectivenessduetoitsexpansion.

2、

Theuniversalpraiseforthedraftturnedouttobe.

A.short-lived.

B.toogood.

C.totallywrong.

D.veryinsightful.

3、

Asecondroundoftalkswereopenedbysomeleaders,because

A.theywanttomakethefirstdraftintoabattleground.

B.theywanttotearthefirstdraftupandwriteanewone.

C.theirneedswerenotsatisfactorilymetinthedraft.

D.theirfundswerechanneledintoinappropriateprojects.

4、

Whichofthefollowingissuemightnotbetheirsourceof

argument?

A.Leaderelection.

B.Religiousbelief.

C.Militarycooperation,

D.Economiccooperation.

5、

Accordingtoexperts,therealthingthatmayparalyzeEUis

A.thebiggersizethatEUwillhaveinthefuture.

B.thedisproportionatevotingrightsofsomesmallstates.

C.thefiercedisagreementamongitsmembercountries.

D.thethreatfromsomeleaderswhowanttheirways.

6、Scientistshaveforthefirsttimeusedcloningtocreate

humanembryosthat1ivelongenoughinalaboratorydishtohave

theirstemcellsharvested.Thefeatcouldsetthestagefor

physicianstoproducecellsandtissues,tailoredtoa

patient,sgeneticidentitythatcantreatawidevarietyof

humanillnesses.Theaccomplishmentalsoprovidesaroadmap

forhowtocloneaperson,anevenmoredivisiveundertaking.

Thenewwork,performedinSouthKorea,represents“amajor

advanceinstemcellresearch.Itcouldhelpspuramedical

revolutionasimportantasantibioticsandvaccines”,says

RobertLanzaofAdvancedCellTechnology(ACT),acompanyin

Worcester,Mass.,that'salsoinvestigatingthepromisingstem

cellstrategycalledtherapeuticcloning.

“However,nowthatthemethodologyispubliclyavailable”,

Lanzaadds,“Ithinkitisabsolutelyimperativethatwepass

lawsworldwidetopreventthetechnologyfrombeingabusedfor

reproductive-cloningpurposes'".

Whilesomefertilitydoctorsandareligiousculthaveclaimed

successatcreatingapregnancyviacloning,they'veoffered

noconvincingproof.Incontrast,theSouthKoreanresearchis

beingreportedatthemeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfor

theAdvancementofScienceinSeattleandwillappearinan

upcomingScience."Thisisreality”,saysstemcellresearcher

JohnGearhartofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Hereisabonafide,

refereedjournalsayingthatahumanembryohasbeenclonedand

acelllinederivedfromit〃.

AlthoughACThasnotyetpublishedareportofaclonedhuman

blastocyst,LanzasaysthattheSouthKoreansuccessis

''consistentwithourownresults''.Therapeuticcloningappeals

toLanzaandphysiciansbecausecellsmadethiswaycouldhave

thesameDNAasapatient,scellsdoandthusavoidrejection

afterthey'retransplanted.

Seekingacompromisethatwouldpermitthisstrategytobe

pursued,manyscientistshavecalledforlegislationthatwould

bancloningtoproduceababybutallowthecreationofcloned

embryostogeneratestemcellsforresearchortherapies."The

debatehasbeenverypolarized”,notesbio-ethicistLaurie

ZolothofNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston.

Accordingtothetext,stemcellsarehardtoobtainbecause

A.humanembryosareveryshort-livedoutsideahumanbody.

B.humanembryosareextremelyhardtobecloned.

C.humangeneticidentityisdifficulttobedefined.

D.humancloningisstronglyopposedbysomeresearchers.

7、

Successfulstemcellresearchwillhopefullyleadto.

A.thecloningofanyhumanbeings.

B.thecureofmanyotherwiseincurablediseases.

C.theabandonmentofantibioticsandvaccines.

D.therealizationofhuman'sdreamofimmortality.

8、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathumancloning.

A.hasnotbeensosuccessfulassomefertilitydoctorsclaim.

B.willdefinitelybebannedthroughlegislations.

C.hasencounteredhugetechnologicalandfundingproblems.

D.isanotherprojectbeingimplementedbySouthKorean

scientists.

Accordingtothepassage,thekeyfactorinavoidingrejection

aftertransplantationisto.

A.makeDNAsthatareverysmallandhaveimmunesystems.

B.makeDNAsthatareasstrongasantibioticsandvaccines.

C.makeDNAsthatareidenticalwiththoseinthepatients)

cells.

D.makeDNAsthatareconsistentwiththeACTresearchresults.

10、

The“compromise"inthelastparagraphprobablyreferstothe

practiceof.

A.allowinghumancloningtobestrictlysupervisedin

laboratories.

B.permittinghumancloningtobedoneinlaboratoriesonly.

C.allowingcloningtechnologytobeusedinstrictlylimited

areas.

D.permittingcloningtechnologytobeusedinanyfieldother

thanmedicalscience.

1RSincetheindustrialrevolution,government,society,and

industryhaveattemptedtochanneltechnologicalprogressin

usefuldirections.Whetheritistheprintingpress,thecotton

gintheautomobileortheInternet,technologicalinnovations

oftenhaveprofoundeconomicandsocialeffects.Toharnessthe

benefitsandminimizethemoreharmfuleffectsofnew

technologies,moderngovernmentsusefourbasicapproaches:

specificdirection,marketincentives,criminalprohibition,

andbehavior,modification.

Specificdirectionstartswithgovernmentsidentifyingoneor

morekeyfactorsintheRDphase.Then,usingavarietyofmeans

rangingfromadministrativeregulationtooutrightstate

ownership,thegovernmentseekstocontroltheimplementation

ofthetechnology.

Marketincentivesarethedeliberatemanipulationofthemarket

bythegovernmenttocontrolhowaparticularlytechnologyis

distributedandused.Forexample,somegovernmentsimpose

taxestocoverthehiddencostsassociatedwiththeuseofa

particulartechnology.Forexample,raisinggasolinetaxesto

payforhighwayimprovements.Othermethodsincludethe

grantingofsubsidiestoprivateresearchersorthe

strengtheningofintellectualpropertylawstogiveadded

incentivestodevelopers.

Criminalprohibitionusuallytakesplacewhenstrong

oppositionexiststoaparticulartechnologyorfieldof

research.Inrecentyears,mostdevelopedcountrieshave

enactedlegislationtobanthecloningofhumanbeings.Other

examplesaretheenforcementofcleanairregulationsthat

forcepowerplantstoemitfewergreenhousegasses.

Finally,behavior,modificationincludestheuseofthemedia,

advertising,andgovernmentandcorporateleadershipto

encourageaparticularsocietytouseatechnologyina

beneficialway.Forexample,whilethereislimitedgovernment

regulationoftheInternet,websitesareencouragedtoinstall

safeguardstopreventchildrenfromviewinginappropriate

material.Arecentnationaladvertisingcampaignrecently

boostedthepercentageofNewYorkresidentswhorecycledby

almost25%.Suchcampaignsdonotusedirectgovernment

regulation,butinsteadappealtotheuser'ssenseofcivicduty

orsocialresponsibility.

Ofallnewtechnologies,perhapsnonehaschangedthelandscape

andcharacterofAmericanlifemorethantheautomobile.Yet,

thecostsofthistechnologyarenotalwaysreflectedinthe

priceofusingthetechnology.Forexample,itcostsanoil

company$0.89pergallonofgasproduced.Thissameliteris

soldtoU.S.consumersatabout$1.20pergallon.Yetwhilethis

pricereflectsthecostofproductionplusaprofitfortheoil

companyitdoesnotreflecttheactualcostofusingthe

technology.Forthat,wemustfactorintheenvironmentalcosts

associatedwithairpollution(increasedhealthcare,

environmentaldegradation)andthepoliticalcosts(dependence

onforeignoil,energyshortages).Inshort,inordertobe

effective,allofthesestrategiesforchannelingtechnology

tobenefitsocietymustincorporateallthecostsassociated

withusage.

Specificdirectionischaracterizedby.

A.governmentfundinginRDperiod.

B.completecentralizationofpower.

C.directadministrativeinterference.

D.identifyingpromisingtechnologytrends.

12、

Marketincentivesareusefulinthatthey.

A.helpraisecommoditypricestogivegovernmentabigger

revenue.

B.helpthegovernmentencouragemoreresearcherstomake

technologicalinnovations.

C.helpraiseoilpricessoastocutgasolineconsumptionand

Protectourenvironment.

D.helpthegovernmentgivesubsidiestoprivateenterprises

tobuildmoreadvancedhighways.

13、

Byimplementingcriminalprohibition,thegovernmentwillbe

ableto.

A.1imitthedevelopmentoftechnologyincertainfields.

B.banhumancloningindevelopingcountries.

C.establishmoreenvironment-friendlynuclearpowerplants.

D.cutdownhigh-techcrimeswhichhavebeenprevailing

nowadays.

14、

Behavior,modificationisdifferentfromtheotherthree

measuresinthat.

A.itrequiresthecooperationofcompaniesandindividuals.

B.itistargetedatencouraginginnovationsinadvertising

industry.

C.itinvolveslessforcedactionsandadministrative

interference.

D.ithelpstomoldpeople'ssenseofresponsibilityfor

society.

15、

Thekeyfactorthatguidesthefourstrategiesisto.

A.usethefourstrategiesflexiblyindifferentsituations.

B.strengthenthegovernment，smacro-controlineachsector.

C.reflectthecostoftechnologyasmuchaspossiblein

不______Q

q17

application.

D.reducethecostoftechnologytoprotectconsumers)

interests.

16、Itistrue,asthemovementcriticsassert,thatthe

presentwomen'sliberationgroupsarealmostentirelybased

among“middleclass"women,thatis,collegeandcareerwomen;

andtheissuesofpsychologicalandsexualexploitationand,

toalesserextent,exploitationthroughconsumption,havebeen

themostprominentones.

Itisnotsurprisingthatthewomen'sliberationmovement

shouldbeginamongbourgeoiswomen,andshouldbedominatedin

thebeginningbytheirconsciousnessandtheirparticular

concerns.Radicalwomenaregenerallythepostwarmiddleclass

generationthatgrewupwiththerighttovote,thechanceat

highereducationandtrainingforsupportiverolesinthe

professionsandbusiness.Mostofthemareyoungand

sophisticatedenoughtohavenotyethadchildrenanddonot

havetomarrytosupportthemselves.Incomparisonwithmost

women,theyarecapableofacertainamountofcontrolover

theirlives.

Thehigherdevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocraticsocietyallows

thewomenwhobenefitfromeducationandrelativeequalityto

seethecontradictionsbetweenitsrhetoric(everychildcan

becomepresident)andtheiractualplaceinthatsociety.The

workingclasswomanmightbelievethateducationcouldhave

madeherfinanciallyindependentbuttheeducatedcareerwoman

findsthatmoneyhasnotmadeherindependent.Infact,because

shehasbeenallowedtoprogresshalfwayontheupward-mobility

laddershecanseetherestofthedistancethatisdeniedher

onlybecausesheisawoman.Shecanseethesimilaritybetween

heroppressionandthatofothersectionsofthepopulation.

Thus,fromtheirownexperience,radicalwomeninthemovement

areawareofmorefaultsinthesocietythanracismand

imperialism.Becausetheyhavepushedthedemocraticmythto

itslimits,theyknowconcretelyhowitlimitsthem.

AtthesametimethatradicalwomenwerelearningaboutAmerican

societytheywerealsobecomingawareofthemalechauvinism

inthemovement.Infact,thatisusuallythecauseoftheir

firstconscious100verbalizationoftheprejudicetheyfeel;

itismoredisillusioningtoknowthatthesamecontradiction

existsbetweenthemovement，srhetoricofequalityandits

reality,forweexpectmoreofourcomrades.

Thisrealizationofthedeep-seatedprejudiceagainst

themselvesinthemovementproducestwocommonreactionsamong

itswomen:1)apreoccupationwiththisimmediatebarrier(and

perhapsaresultanthopelessness),and2)atendencytoretreat

inward,tobuythefooTsgoldofcreatingapersonally

liberatedlifestyle.

However,ourconceptofliberationrepresentsaconsciousness

thatconditionshaveforcedonuswhilemostofoursistersare

chainedbyotherconditions,biologicalandeconomic,that

overwhelmtheirhumanityanddesiresforself-fulfillment.Our

backgroundaccountsforourignoranceaboutthestark

oppressionofwomen'sdailylives.

ThebasicdifferencebetweenMiddleClasswomenandother

womenintheliberationmovementisthat.

A.MiddleClasswomenarenotmarriedandhavenochildren.

B.MiddleClasswomenarenotafraidoftheirhusbands.

C.otherwomenhavelesscontroloftheirownlives.

D.otherwomengrowupwithnorightstovote.

17、

Wecanlearnfromthesecondparagraphthat.

A.socialdemocraticdevelopmentplaysapartinsocial

inequality.

B.whatmakeswomendependentistheireconomicstatus.

C.womencanachievetheirsocialequalitythrougheducation.

D.theupward-mobilityladderdeniesaccesstowomen.

18、

Whatdoradicalwomenexpectmorefromtheirmalecounterparts?

A.Morefinancialhelp.

B.Morepoliticalsupport.

C.Morerealrespectforsexequality.

D.Moreactiveinvolvementintheirmovement.

19、

Accordingtothetext,whatmightalotofwomendowhenthey

realizetheprejudiceintheirmovement?

A.FightmoreBravelytogetrealequalitywithmen.

B.Becomehopelessandpretendtolivetheirownhappylife.

C.Buysomegoldsoastostoreenoughmoneyforthemselves.

D.Retreatfromthemovementandfocusonbettereducation.

20、

Theauthorimpliesinthelastparagraphthat.

A.mostwomencanretreatfromtheliberationmovementtoo.

B.mostwomenhaveastrongdesireforself-fulfillmentaswe

do.

C.mostwomenareeagertobeliberatedbyusfromoppression.

D.mostwomencouldn，tcreatetheliberatedlifestyle,aswe

do.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.

ChoosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA一Gtofitintoeach

ofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdo

notfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

Irememberonenightafewyearsagowhenmydaughterwasfrantic

withworry.AftermyHarvardExtensionSchoolclasses,I

usuallyarrivedatthebusstationnearmyhomeby11p.m.,but

onthatnightIwasnowheretobefound.Mydaughterwasnervous.

Itwasn'tsafeforasinglewomantowalkaloneonthestreets

atnight,especiallyoneasdefenselessasIam:Icanslaya

muggerwithmysharpwit,butIamjusttooshorttodoanyreal

physicaldamage.

Thatnightmydaughtercheckedthebusstation,drovearound

thestreets,andcontactedsomefriends.Butshecouldn'tfind

me一untilshecalledmyastronomyprofessorwhotoldherthat

IwasontopoftheScienceCenterusingthetelescopetogaze

atthestars.Unawareofthetime,Ihadgottenlostinthe

heavensandwasonlythinkingaboutthenewthingsIhadlearned

thatnightinclass.

ThisstoryillustratesahabitIhavedevelopedovertheyears:

Ilosetrackofthetimewhenitcomestolearning.(41).

Imayhavestartedlate;butIwillcontinuetolearnaslong

asIamablebecausethereisnogreaterfeeling,inmyopinion,

thantravelingtoafarawaycountryasIhaveandbeingable

toidentifybysightthepaintingofafamousartist,thestatue

ofanobscuresculptor,thecathedralofanancientarchitect.

(42).SoIwillcontinuetotakeclassesandtellmystory.

Latelyitseemsthateveryoneisaskingme,“Mary,whatadvice

doyouhaveforotherstudents?”SowhileIhaveyouallhere,

Imgoingtoeasemyburdenofansweringyoueachindividually:

(43).SolistentomewhenItellyouthis:Knowledgeis

power.

MystudieswereinterruptedwhenIwasinthe7thgrade,back

sometimearoundWorldWarI.IlovedschoolbutIwasforced

toleaveittocareformyfamily.Iwascon-signedtoworkin

aRhodeIslandcottonmill,whereIlaboredformanyyears.I

eventuallymarriedandraised5children,20grandchildren,and

18great-grandchi1dren.ButallthewhileIfeltinferiorto

thosearoundme.IknewIwasassmartasacollegegraduate.

IknewIwascapableofdoingajobwell一Ihadproveditby

runningasuccessfulfamilybusinessfordecadesthatstill

exists.ButIwantedmore.IwantedtofeelconfidentwhenI

spokeandIWantedpeopletorespectmyopinions.Doesit

surpriseyoutodiscoverhowmuchyouhaveincommonwithan

89yearoldwoman?(44).

(45).Thatbeliefiswhathasmotivatedmeforthelast

75yearstogetthisdegree.Itisalsothemissionofthe

HarvardExtensionSchool.WithoutthesupportIreceivedfrom

thisschool,ImightnothavegraduateduntilIwas1001a

phrasethatmanyofyouhaveprobablyusedinjest.

A.Ifthesayingistruethatwisdomcomeswithage,youmay

safelyassumethatIamoneofthewisestpeopleinthishall

andpossiblyatthisuniversitytoday.

B.fknowthatmanyofyougraduatestoday,whetheryouwere

'bornin1907or1967,havefacedsimilarbarrierstocompleting

yourstudiesandhavesometimesfeltinferioraroundthoseyou

workorsocializewithjustbecauseyoudidn'thaveadegree.

C.Ifyouhavetreatededucationasyourmaingoal,andnotas

smeanstoanend.Thenyou,too,haveprobablybeenclaimed

asamissingpersononceinyouracademiccareer,whetheryou

werelostinthestarsorthestacksofWidenerLibrary.

D.ButIamheretodaylikeyouare一toprovethatitcanbe

done;thatthepowergainedbyunderstandingandappreciating

theworldarounduscanbeobtainedbyanyoneregardlessof

socialstatus,personalchallenges,orage.

E.Howelsedoyouexplainawomanwhobeganhigh

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Deathisinevitable,butnotdisease.Bacteriaandvirusesare

nomeanadversaries,noraretheyeasilydefeated.(46)Ifwe

failtobewatchfulortoprotectthosemostatrisk,a

public-healthcatastropheisinevitable,andyetsomewhere

withinthespanofthelastthirtyyearstheideaofthecommon

goodhasdisappearedfromournationalconsciousness,