新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納與講解-短語(yǔ)詞組歸納

新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納與講解短語(yǔ)、詞組歸納由動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)、詞組很多。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)分類(lèi)處理：一、動(dòng)詞+介詞1．lookat…看…，looklike…看上去像……，lookafter…照料…2．listento…聽(tīng)……3．welcometo…歡迎到……4．sayhelloto…向……問(wèn)好5．speakto…對(duì)……說(shuō)話此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須帶賓語(yǔ)，但賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。如：Thisismynewbike.Pleaselookitafter.(×)Thisismynewbike.Pleaselookafterit.(√)二、動(dòng)詞+副詞“動(dòng)詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)義分為兩類(lèi)：A．動(dòng)詞（vt.）+副詞1．puton穿上2．takeoff脫下3．writedown記下此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)可以帶賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)若是名詞，放在副詞前后皆可；賓語(yǔ)若是人稱(chēng)代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。試比較：Firstlistentothetape,thenwritedowntheanswer/writetheanswerdown.(√)Firstlistentotheanswer,thenwritedownit.(×)Firstlistentotheanswer,thenwriteitdown.(√)B．動(dòng)詞（vi）+副詞。1．comeon趕快2．getup起床3．gohome回家4．comein進(jìn)來(lái)5．sitdown坐下6．standup起立此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)屬于不及物動(dòng)詞，不可以帶賓語(yǔ)。三、其它類(lèi)動(dòng)詞詞組1.closethedoor2.1ookthesame3.gotowork/class4.beill5.havealook/seat6.havesupper7.1ookyoung8.goshopping9.watchTV/games10.playgames介詞短語(yǔ)聚焦“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為介詞短語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語(yǔ)按用法進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)。1．in+語(yǔ)言/顏色/衣帽等，表示使用某種語(yǔ)言或穿著……。如：inEnglish，inthehat2．in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等，表示“在……排/隊(duì)/班級(jí)/年級(jí)”等。3．inthemorning/afternoon/evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時(shí)間。4．inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在書(shū)桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”。5．inthetree表示“在樹(shù)上(非樹(shù)本身所有)”；onthetree表示“在樹(shù)上(為樹(shù)本身所有)”。如：Therearesomeinthetree.Therearemanyapplesonthetrees.6．inthewall表示“在墻上（凹陷進(jìn)去）”；onthewall表示“在墻上（指墻的表面）”。如：There’refourwindowsinthewall,andthereisamaponthebackwall.7．a(chǎn)twork（在工作）/atschool（上學(xué)）/athome（在家）應(yīng)注意此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)中無(wú)the。8．a(chǎn)t+時(shí)刻表示鐘點(diǎn)。如：atsix,athalf,pastten.9．likethis/that表示方式，意為“像……這/那樣”。10．of短語(yǔ)表示所屬關(guān)系。如：apictureofaclassroom,amapofChina.11．behind/beside/near/under+名詞等，表示方位、處所。如：beside/nearthedoor,under/behindthetree.12．from與to多表示方向，前者意為“從……”，后者意為“到……”。如：fromonetoten,(go)toschool/bed/work.另外，以下這些短語(yǔ)也必須掌握。如：onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,onone’sbike等。重點(diǎn)句型大回放1．Ithink…意為“我認(rèn)為……”，是對(duì)某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用Idon’tthink…，如：Ithinkhe’sMrZhinag.(L17)Idon’tthinkyouareright.2．givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意為“把……給……”，動(dòng)詞give之后可接雙賓語(yǔ)，可用這兩種句型；若指物的賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，則只能用giveit/themtosb.如：Hisparentsgivehimanicepurse./Hisparentsgiveanicepursetohim.GiveittoMrHu.(L57)3．takesb./sth.to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”，后常接地點(diǎn)，也可接人。如：Pleasetakethenewbookstotheclassroom.4．One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意為“一個(gè)是……；另一個(gè)是……”，必須是兩者中。如：Oneisredandoneisgrey.(L50)或Oneisred,,theotherisgrey.5．Letsb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”，人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，其否定式為Don’tletsb，dosth.，或Letsb.notdosth.另外，Let’s與Letus的含義不完全相同，前者包括聽(tīng)者在內(nèi)，后者不包括聽(tīng)者在內(nèi)，如：Let’sgoforawalk./Letustryoncemore,please.6．helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意為“幫助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，后者用介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)，二者可以互換。如：Letmehelpyoufindit.(L42)/Letmehelpyouwithit.7．Whatabout…？/Howabout…？意為“……怎么樣？”是用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)或征求對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn)、看法等。about為介詞，其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。如：What/Howplayingchess?8．It’stimetodo…/It’stimeforsth.意為“該做……的時(shí)間了”，其中to后須接原形動(dòng)詞，for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。如：It’stimetohavesupper.=It’stimeforsupper.9．liketodosth./likedoingsth.意為“喜歡做某事”，如：LiLeiandhisfriendsliketoplayinthetreehouse.(L43)前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動(dòng)作；后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，試比較：Tomlikesswimming,butdoesn’tliketoswimthisafternoon.10．a(chǎn)sksb.(not)todosth.意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”，其中asksb.后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Askyourfriendstoguesswhatisinit.(L44)11．showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意為“把某物給某人看”，該句型的用法同前面第2點(diǎn)。如：Showyourfriendyourfamilyphoto.（L36）/Showyourfamilyphototoyourfriend.12．introducesb.tosb.意為“把某人介紹給另一人”；introducetosb.則是“向某人作介紹”。如：Introduceyourfamilytoher.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)快速?gòu)?fù)習(xí)1.kindsof各種各樣的2.either…or…或者…或者…，不是…就是…3.neither…nor…既不……也不……4.Chineseteawithout,anythinginit中國(guó)清茶5.takeaseat就坐6.homecooking家常做法7.befamousfor因……而著名8.ononeswayto在……途中9.besick/illinhospital生病住院10.attheendof在……的盡頭，在……的末尾11.waitfor等待12.intime及時(shí)13.makeone’swayto…往……（艱難地）走去14.justthen正在那時(shí)15.firstofall首先，第一16.gowrong走錯(cuò)路17.be/getlost迷路18.makeanoise吵鬧，喧嘩19.geton上車(chē)20.getoff下車(chē)21.standinline站隊(duì)22.waitingroom候診室，候車(chē)室23.attheheadof……在……的前頭24.laughat嘲笑25.throwabout亂丟，拋散26.infact實(shí)際上27.atmidnight在半夜28.haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得愉快29.quarrelwithsb.和某人吵架30.takeone’stemperature給某人體溫31.have/getapainin…某處疼痛32.haveaheadache頭痛33.assoonas…一……就……34.feellikedoingsth.想要干某事35.stop…fromdoingsth.阻止……干某事36.fallasleep入睡37.againandagain再三地，反復(fù)地38.wakeup醒來(lái)，叫醒39.insteadof代替40.lookover檢查41.takeexercise運(yùn)動(dòng)42.hadbetter(not)dosth.最好（不要）干某事43.attheweekend在周末44.ontime按時(shí)45.outof從……向外46.allbyoneself獨(dú)立，單獨(dú)47.lotsof=alotof許多48.nolonger/more=not…anylonger/more不再49.getback回來(lái)，取回50.soonerorlater遲早51.runaway逃跑52.eatup吃光，吃完53.runafter追趕54.takesth.withsb.某人隨身帶著某物55.take(good)careof…=lookafter…(well)（好好）照顧，照料56.thinkof考慮到，想起57.keepadiary堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)日記58.leaveonebyoneself把某人單獨(dú)留下59.harderandharder越來(lái)越厲害60.turnon打開(kāi)（電燈、收音機(jī)、煤氣等）61.turnoff關(guān)1.givesbsth給某人某物givemeabook;

show/sendsbsth展示/發(fā)送

givesthtosb把某物給某人giveabooktohim

show/sendsthtosb

2.liveatKingstreet(小地點(diǎn))arriveatthestationstayathome

liveinFuzhou(大地點(diǎn))arriveinNewYorkstayinLondon

3.takesbto+地點(diǎn)

Myfathertakesmetoschooleveryday.

4.wantsth想要某物Iwantsomemilk.

Wanttodosth想要做某事Shewantstobuyanewbook.

Wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事Theywantmetoopenthedoor.

dodoesnotwantsbtodosth不想要某人做某事Idonotwantyoutomissthetrain.

5.getup起床

Ialwaysgetupat7:00.

6.keepsth+adj.保持某物的…….

Keepthefloorclean

keeptheroomtidy

7.beabsent(from)缺席

Iwasabsentfromschoolyesterday.

8.onthe/one’swayto

在去……的路上

Onthewayhome(toschool),Imetanoldfriend.

Onthetrainto在去……的火車(chē)上

9.loseone’sway迷路=belost

Ilostmyway.=Iwaslost

10.saytooneself自言自語(yǔ)

“Icanwin”Isaidtomyself

11.putsthinto把……放到……

Iputsomemoneyintomypocket.

Iputsomebooksintomybag.

12.takeout取出

Hetookoutanotebookandwrotethemdown,

13.putonyourcoat穿上takeoffyourshoes脫掉

turnon打開(kāi)turnoff關(guān)掉

putyourcoatontakeyourshoesoff

putitontakethemoff

14.beafraidofsth害怕Iamafraidofdog.

beafraid(that)+賓從

恐怕……

Iamafraidthatitwillraintomorrow.

I’mafraidthatIcan’tdoit.

15.buysthforsb為某人買(mǎi)某物

Iboughtapresentforyou.

buysthfromsb從某人那買(mǎi)某物SheboughtatiefromTony.

16.hundredsof數(shù)以百計(jì)thousandsof數(shù)以千計(jì).

17．Beinfashion時(shí)髦Jeansarealwaysinfashion.

Beoutoffashion過(guò)時(shí)Skirtsareoutoffashionthisyear.

18.till(until)

Icanarrivetill(until)3:00thisafternoom.

Not……until

Ididn’tfinishmyhomeworkuntil10:00intheevening.

19.alotofwater（不可數(shù)）oranges（可數(shù)）

manyapples（可數(shù)）muchmeat（不可數(shù)）

plentyoftime（不可數(shù)）/tomatoes（可數(shù)）

20.not……atall根本不

Idon’tknowheratall.

Idon’twanttotalkwithhimatall.

21.havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner/ameal/aswim/abath/alesson/aholiday/agoodtime.

22.bereadyforsth準(zhǔn)備好I’mreadyfordinner.

bereadytodosth準(zhǔn)備好做某事Sheisreadytogoout.

23.Ietsbdosth讓某人做某事

Let’sgotoschoolatonce.

Lethergoout.

24.havebeento到過(guò)

Ihaveneverbeentoshanghai

25.allthetime一直

26.take/bringsbto+地點(diǎn)

帶某人去（來(lái)）某地

take/bringsthtosb帶走來(lái)某物給某人

27.haveatry試一試trytodosth試圖做某事

tryone’sbesttodosth盡全力做某事

28.believesb相信……是真的believeinsb信任某人believe(that)+(賓語(yǔ)從句)

29.since自從

30.speakto對(duì)某人說(shuō)writeto寫(xiě)信給某人waveto向某人招手moveto搬到

31.decidetodosth決定做某事Idecidetotellherthetruth.

makeupone’smindtodosth下定決心做某事Imadeupmymindtoopenmymouthandpratisemore.

32.flyto飛往returnto返回returnsthtosb歸還某物給某人

33.leave離開(kāi)leavefor離開(kāi)到某地

34.belongto屬于

35.dowith/handle處理

36.besorrythat+從句besurethat+從句子

確定……

37.hadbetter(not)dosth最好做(不要做)某事

38.atonce(rightaway/immediately)立刻

39.helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事

40.beadj.enough(forsb)todo對(duì)于某人說(shuō)足夠做某事

too+adj.(forsb)todo對(duì)某人太…..而不能做某事

41.atthetopof在……頂部

42.tellsbsth告訴某人某事tellsbabout/ofsth告訴某人關(guān)于某事

tellsb(not)todosth告訴某人做(不要做)某事tellsbthat+從句

43.befullof充滿

44.asksb(not)todosth要求某人做(不要做)某事

45.wouldlikesth想要……wouldliketodosth想要/愿意做某事

46.insteadof+名代（賓格）代替shewasill,soIwentthereinstead.Iwentthereinsteadofher.Therewasnomilk,soIdranksomeorangeinstead.Idranksomeorangeinsteadofmilk

47.affordsth/ltodosth付得起某物/做某事

48.Aisas+adj.+asBA和B一樣…….

Aisnotas(so)+adj.+asBA不如B…..

49.payforsth付錢(qián)

50.geton/off上車(chē)/下車(chē)happento碰見(jiàn)growup長(zhǎng)大

51.invitesbtosth/for