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NewspaperReading1.Whydowereadnewspaper?Whatcanwegetfromreadingnewspaper?Whodowereadfor?Whenshouldweread?Wherecanwegetnewspaperforreading?Howcanweefficientlyread?2.ObjectivesImproveyourreadingskills.(skimming,scanning)Knowledgeofcurrentaffairs(well-informed)AnintroductiontomajorAmericanandBritishnewspapersandmagazines.Abriefknowledgeoflanguagestylesinnewspapersandmagazines.Vocabularies(wordsandexpression,abbreviations)3.NewspaperArticleReportTitle:Name:Source:Date:Content/Overview(Whathappened)KeyPeople(whowasinvolved)Location(whereithappened)Timing(whenithappened)Background(whyandhowithappened)Opinion(whatyouthinkaboutthestory)NewVocabularyfromyourArticleWords/PhrasesMeaningExample1.2.4.Whatpartsdoesanewsstoryhave?
Allnewsstoriesanswersomebasicquestions:
who,what,when,where,whyandhow?Likeallstories,thebasicnewsstoryhasa
headline
andthreegeneralparts:abeginningcalledthe
“l(fā)ead”,
amiddlecalledthe
“body”
and
anending.5.Whatpartsdoesanewsstoryhave?Anewsstoryiscomposedof
headline,lead,body,andbeforelead,thereare
dateline
and
byline.Headline:
Theheadlineisthelineontopofthestorythattellsthereaderwhatthestoryisabout.6.Whatpartsdoesanewsstoryhave?Lead:
thebeginningofthestory,thehookthattellsthereaderwhatthestoryisaboutAgoodlead
attractsthereadertocontinuereading.Ina
hard-newsstory,theleadusuallyiswritteninonesentence—thefirstsentenceofthestory—andgivesthemostimportantinformationabouttheevent.
7.5-WhinNewsLead
新聞導(dǎo)言之5-Wh為了節(jié)省讀者的閱報(bào)時(shí)間,第一段中即將該則新聞內(nèi)容之5-Wh講清楚,說明白:Who?When?What?Where?Why?isthenewsabout?didithappen?didithappen?happenedinthenews?didithappen?每則新聞的第一段即為“新聞導(dǎo)言”8.CategoriesofNewsNewsfallsintobasiccategories:
hardnewsandsoftnews.“Hardnews”
includesstoriesofatimelynatureabouteventsorconflictsthathavejusthappenedorareabouttohappen,suchascrimes,fires,meetings,protestrallies,speechesandtestimonyincourtcases.
Thesestorieshave
immediacy.9.Whatpartsdoesanewsstoryhave?The
dateline,
whichtellsreaderswhenandwherethestoryiswritten,isimportant.The
byline標(biāo)題下署名之行,whichgivescredittothewriter,isalsoveryimportant.Headline;lead;dateline;andbyline10.CategoriesofNews“Softnews”
isdefinedasnewsthatentertainsorinforms,withanemphasison
humaninterest(人情味)andnovelty(新奇)andlessimmediacy
thanhardnews.Forexample,astoryaboutthe
effectivenessofdiets
wouldbeconsideredsoftnews.11.CategoriesofNews“Softnews”
canalsobestoriesthatfocusonpeople,placesorissuesthataffectreaders’lives.Thesetypesofstoriesarecalled
“featurestories.”
AstoryaboutthegrowingnumberofbabiessufferingfromAIDScouldbeconsideredasoft-newsstory.Itisn’tlessimportantthanhardnews,butitisn’tnewsthathappenedovernight.
12.Hard
NewsSoftNewsfeatures(特寫)personalprofile
(人物特寫)Anecdote(趣事;軼事)flash(快訊)urgent(急電)brief(簡訊)breakingnews
(突發(fā)新聞)Iftheactionoreventoccurredthesamedayasorthedaybeforepublicationofthenewspaper,theeventiscalled“breakingnews.”13.Whatarethequalities
ofagoodnewsstory?Whatthingsarenewsworthy?Thesearesomeofthesetraditionalqualitiesofbothhard-andsoft-newsstories:Timeliness(時(shí)效性)Proximity(接近性)Unusualnature(新奇)Celebrities(名人名流)Humaninterest(人情味)Conflict(沖突)14.Timeliness
Aneventthathappened
thedayofordaybeforepublication
oraneventthatis
duetohappenintheimmediatefuture
isconsideredtimely.Someeventsthathappenedinthepastalsomaybeconsideredtimelyiftheyareprintedonananniversaryoftheevent,suchasone,fiveor10yearsaftertheincident.15.ProximityAneventmaybe
ofinteresttolocalreaders
becauseithappenedinorclosetothecommunity.Forexample:Wuhanesewillbequiteinterestedinwhenthesubwaytunnelsbegantobebuiltandwhenitwillbeaccomplished.16.UnusualNature:
theuniquenessofaneventThereisawell-knownsaying:“Itisnotnewswhenadogbitesaman,butabsolutelynewswhenyoufindamanbitesadog.”Itsoundsabsurd,butfullyillustratesoneofthewidelyacceptednewsvalues—the
unusual,bizarrenatureofarecentlyhappenedevent.17.CelebritiesPeoplewhoarewell-knownfortheiraccomplishments—
primarilyentertainers,athletesorpeoplewhohavegainedfameforachievements,goodor
bad—attractalotofattention.Thisstoryranon
thefrontpage
becauseofthecelebritystatusoftheentertainers….18.Humaninterest:
Peoplelikestoriesaboutpeoplewhohave
specialproblems,achievementsorexperiences.Thesestoriescanbe
profilesorunusualstories
aboutpeoplethatmakereaderscareabout
theirplight.Hereisanexampleofhumaninterest:
KidsHelpingKidsSurvivetheEffectsofKatrina.
19.Conflict&Impact:
Storiesinvolvingconflictspeoplehavewithgovernmentorotherpeopleareoftennewsworthy,especiallywhentheconflictreflectslocalproblems.20.AdditionalqualitiesSomeadditionalqualitiesofnewstoconsider:Helpfulness:Consumers,healthandotherhow-tostories.Entertainment:storiesthatamusereaders,makethemfeelgoodorhelpthemenjoytheirleisuretime.21.AdditionalqualitiesInspiration:
StoriesaboutpeoplewhoovercomedifficultiesSpecialinterest:
Somestoriesappealtopeople’sinterestsinsuchsubjectsasscience,businessorreligionortosuchspecialgroupsaswomen,minorities,disabledpeople,veterans,collegestudentsorothergroupswithparticularinterests.22.ThemainstreamnewsagencyAFP(AgenceFrancePresse) 法新社 法國AP(AssociatedPress) 美聯(lián)社 美國CP(CanadaPress) 加拿大通訊社 加拿大KNS(KyodoNewsService) 共同社 日本23.ThemainstreamnewsagencyReuter(Reuter’sNewsAgency) 路透社 英國TASS(TelegraphAgencyoftheSovietUnion) 塔斯社 俄羅斯UPI(UnitedPressInternational) 合眾國際社 美國XinhuaNewsAgency 新華社 中國24.Differentkindsofnewspapersperiodical期刊magazine雜志daily日報(bào)weekly周刊fortnightly半月刊monthly月刊
25.AmericanNewspapersandMagazines
Fivefamousnewspapers:TheNewYorkTimes(netpage)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》foundedin1851TheWashingtonPost《華盛頓郵報(bào)》foundedin1877LosAngelesTimes《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》foundedin1881USAToday
《今日美國報(bào)》foundedin1983TheWallStreetJournal《華爾街日報(bào)》foundedin188926.OtherNewspapersInternationalHeraldTribune《國際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》TheChristianScienceMonitor《基督教科學(xué)箴言報(bào)》NewYorkDailyNews《紐約每日新聞》ChicagoTribune《芝加哥論壇報(bào)》MiamiHerald《邁阿密先驅(qū)報(bào)》BostonGlobe《波士頓環(huán)球報(bào)》27.AmericanMagazinesTime《時(shí)代》周刊(美國三大新聞周刊之一)
Newsweek
《新聞周刊》(美國三大新聞周刊之一)
U.S.NewsandWorldReport《美國新聞與世界報(bào)道》(美國三大新聞周刊之一)
Reader’sDigest《讀者文摘》(月刊)Fortune
《幸?!?《財(cái)富》(雙周刊)28.EnglishNewspaperCategories
Broadsheetqualitypaper嚴(yán)肅大開張(TheTimes/TheGuardian)Tabloidpopularpaper通俗類小報(bào)(TheSun/DailyStar)29.BritishNewspapers1.TheTimes《泰晤士報(bào)》oneofthenewspaperswiththelongesthistoryItslastbroadsheeteditioncamein2004/10/30.inthenotice,theeditoringeneralavoidtheword“tabloid"fromMonday,November1,TheTimeswillbeacompactnewspaper.”(page)2.TheFinancialTimes《金融時(shí)報(bào)》〉ProvidethenewsaboutLondonstockexchange3.TheGuardian《衛(wèi)報(bào)》4.TheDailyTelegraph《每日電訊報(bào)》5.TheSun《太陽報(bào)》30.BritishMagazinesTheSpectator《旁觀者》(時(shí)事周刊)
TheNewStatesman《新政治家》(時(shí)事周刊)
TheEconomist《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》(側(cè)重經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合性周刊)31.RelatedWebsitesUSATodayTheWallStreetJournalTheNewYorkTimesLosAnglesTimesTheWashingtonPostNewsweekwww.timesonline.co.ukTheTimeswww.theguardian.pe.caTheGuardianReuters32.Differentkindsofnewspapersbimonthly雙月刊quarterly季刊annual年刊year-book年鑒extraissue(報(bào)紙)號外specialissue特刊
33.Differentkindsofnewspapersdailypaper日報(bào)eveningpaper晚報(bào)morningpaper晨報(bào)Sundaynewspaper星期日報(bào)pictorialmagazine畫報(bào)memorialvolume紀(jì)念刊34.WhatIt’sCalled
報(bào)紙專有名詞說明報(bào)頭
masthead報(bào)耳ear標(biāo)題
headline圖片
photo索引index引題kicker消息來源
dateline圖片說明
caption新聞導(dǎo)言
lead35.masthead報(bào)頭由報(bào)頭可知報(bào)紙名稱,發(fā)行日期,地點(diǎn),編號,售價(jià)..等ear報(bào)耳各報(bào)用途不相同,可為發(fā)行標(biāo)語,或重點(diǎn)新聞圖片..等headline標(biāo)題每則新聞均有,說出內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)kicker引題在標(biāo)題下方,為標(biāo)題加注或補(bǔ)充說明dateline消息來源有些是由自家報(bào)社提供,有些則自通訊社購得(即外電報(bào)道)byline撰稿人社內(nèi)記者或駐外特派員lead新聞導(dǎo)言每則新聞的第一段,說明事件的人,事,時(shí),地,原因photo/caption圖片/圖片說明傳達(dá)現(xiàn)場的真實(shí)感index索引位于首頁,幫助讀者迅速找出最想看的報(bào)道jumpline跳頁首頁報(bào)道經(jīng)常分頁排放,jumpline作用在指引報(bào)道續(xù)接的頁數(shù)MainComponents
報(bào)紙專有名詞說明36.Columnsofanewspaperthefrontpage頭版,第一版bulldogedition晨版article記事headline標(biāo)題bannerheadline頭號大標(biāo)題byline標(biāo)題下署名之行dateline日期、發(fā)稿地之行37.Columnsofanewspaperbignews頭條新聞hotnews最新新聞exclusivenews獨(dú)家新聞scoop特訊feature特寫,花絮criticism評論editorial社論38.Columnsofanewspaperreview,comment時(shí)評bookreview書評topicality時(shí)事問題citynews社會新聞column欄letters讀者投書欄generalnewscolumn一般消息欄39.Columnsofanewspapercartoon,comics漫畫cut插圖weatherforecast天氣預(yù)報(bào)serialstory新聞小說obituarynotice訃聞publicnotice公告advertisement廣告40.Columnsofanewspaperclassifiedad分類廣告flash-news大新聞extra號外thesportspage運(yùn)動欄literarycriticism文藝評論Sundayfeatures周日特刊41.MainComponentsHeadlinesLeadBodyEnding42.HeadlineYoucanbeabetterreaderifyouknowwhattoexpectinanewspaper.Whenyoureadanewspaper,youusuallylookattheheadlinesfirst.Newspaperheadlineshavealanguageandvocabularyoftheirownanditisnecessarytolearnaboutit.Readthefollowingheadlines:43.SomeheadlinesWeninNewDehliforlandmarkvisitUS:NofasttrackforChinatojoinInt’l-lenderLegislatureaskedtointerpretBasicLawHailstones“asbigaseggs”kill18China’scollegestudentsgetokaytotieknotNewbridgetohelpspanthewealthgap44.FanKillsWife=Asportsfankilledhiswife.ActorFoundDead=Anactorhasbeen(wasfound)dead.MarriedWomentoGetCareAllowance=MarriedWomenaretogetcareallowance.WuYi:FurtherOpeningPledged=WuYIsaidthatfurtheropeningwaspledged.Charles,32,SeeksBride=Charles,aged32,isseekingforabride.45.Typesofheadlines1.straightheadline:summarizingEg:GirlsDieinBlazeClintonOffersBushAdvice
2.headlineaskingquestions:reportingfuturepossibilityorexpressingdoubtEg:OPECtoRaiseOilOutput?KoreaUnityinFiveYears?46.3.Headlinecontainingaquotation:statementnotprovenEg:“WeWon’tQuit”
Vietnam:USPlanningAnotherWar
4.DoubleHeadline:two-partheadlineforthesamestory,usuallymajoreventEg:ExpectedtoGotoUSCastrotoFreeThousandsofPrisoners47.Featuresofheadline1.Ellipses省略2.Simplifiedtense簡化的時(shí)態(tài)3.Frequentuseofabbreviationandacronym縮略語4.Midgetwordsorsinglesyllablewords小詞48.ellipses1.Inheadlines,asentenceonlycontainsnotionalwords(實(shí)義詞),omittingthefunctionones,suchasthearticle,prep.auxiliary,pronoun,eventhemainclause.Eg:NosurvivorsingulfAirCrashBallots,NotBullets2.“and”isoftenreplacedbyacomma.Eg:WomanKillsHusband,Self49.3.“tobe”isreplacedbyacolonandaquotationisleadbyacolon.Eg:LiuXiang:YellowBulletKerry:FirmlyFrontRunner4.Nounsmodifynounwithoutanyconjunction.Eg:ShotgunDeathRiddleDramaZooEscapeDrama50.SimplifiedTense1.Presenttense:thingsthathappened:40DieinBlazethingshappening:SchoolsAskParentsforMoneyTowardBooksthingstohappen:EUPlanstoBoostEconomicRecovery2.Pastparticiple:
CaseProbedBrazilEliteForcedtoMakeLoans3.“todo”forfuturetenseBeijingtoFireTestRockettoSouthPacific51.
PressStyleCommonStylePresentsimpletensePast
tensePresentperfecttense
14DieinBlazeKillerescapesfromcourtroom.52.
DeathTollRisesto21inNorthChinaMineBlastBush:USEconomicStrongandGettingStrongNewZealandwarnsSovietonsealhunting
BushsaysInvasionofIraqwasnecessaryRumsfieldOrdersReviewofSexualAssaults
NineMinistriesIssueJointNoticeonBirdFluChinaOilImportExceeds100millionin200353.PressStyleCommonStyleInfinitiveFormFutureFormbate5-dayweekExamples:1.PoliciestoBoostFarmers’Income2.HusbandtoSueWife3.ChinaFootballTeamtoLeavefor2002WorldCup54.PressStyleCommonStyleTheprogressive(or“-ing”formPresentprogressiveActiveformExamples:Thamesapproachingdangerlevel.Nudewomanrailkilling
55.PastparticiplePassivevoicePressStyleCommonstyleExamples:CaseProbedColombianSenttoU.S.forDrugTrialPetrolBombFoundoutsideCapitol56.HeadlinesReflecting
Newspaperwritingfeatures57.1.在不發(fā)生歧義的情況下,冠詞往往被省略。例如:Boy,7,killedbyEjectionFromCockpitofNavyJet(TheWashingtonPost)StandardEnglish:ABoy,7,killedbyEjectionFromtheCockpitofaNavyJetChinesePopulationIsPutat1.3Billion(InternationalHeraldTribune)StandardEnglish:TheChinesePopulationIsPutat1.3Billion58.2.系動詞經(jīng)常被省略。例如:JoblessnessStillaProblem(ChinaDaily)StandardEnglish:JoblessnessIsStillaProblemForecastofMexicanquakeaccurate,butignored(ScienceNews)StandardEnglish:TheForecastofMexicanquakeisaccurate,butitisignored59.3.連詞、代詞、引導(dǎo)詞也會省略。例如:Kings,sheiksrapUSSR,US(ChinaDaily)StandardEnglish:KingsandsheiksrapUSSRandUSAnneandbabyarewell(SouthChinaMorningPost)StandardEnglish:AnneandherbabyarewellFarfewerpitclosuresandjoblosseslikelythanrumored(TheTimes)StandardEnglish:Therearefarfewerpitclosuresandjoblosseslikelythanhavebeenrumored60.4.現(xiàn)在分詞表示事件正在進(jìn)行。例如:Spinningoutoforbit(Time)StandardEnglish:(TheSpacecraft)IsSpinningoutoforbitIndiaMendingFences(ChinaDaily)StandardEnglish:IndiaIsMendingHerFences61.5.過去分詞表示被動語態(tài)。例如:EconomiststoldChina’sprogrammeunchanged(ChinaDaily)StandardEnglish:EconomistsaretoldChina’sprogrammeisunchangedJapan:SkilledHandsNeeded(InternationalHeraldTribune)StandardEnglish:Japan:SkilledHandsAreNeeded62.6.動詞不定式通常表述未來行為。例如:FloridaFreezeToIncreaseAreaProducePrices(TheWashingtonPost)StandardEnglish:FloridaFreezeWillIncreaseAreaProducePricesPopetovisitJapaninFebruary(TheNewYorkTimes)StandardEnglish:PopewillvisitJapaninFebruary63.UseofAbbreviations&AcronymsShortnamesandinitialsarefrequentlyusedinheadlines.1.EU’sFuture(EuropeanUnion歐盟)2.SplinteredPLOStrugglestoStayAlive(PalestineLiberationOrganization巴勒斯坦解放組織)3.NATO::Who,What,Why?(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公約組織)4.OPECtoraiseProduction(OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油輸出國組織)5.IMF:DoTheyHelporHurtThirdWorld(InternationalMonetaryFund國際貨幣基金組織)64.abbreviations1.Nohopefor118crewofRussiansubsub=submarine2.Universityentryhardforwould-bevetsvet=veteran3.Putthescibackinsci-fisci=sciencefi=fiction65.AbbreviationfortheNamesofImportantInternationalOrganizationsADB=AsianDevelopmentBank亞洲開發(fā)銀行APEC=Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation亞太經(jīng)合組織(亞洲和太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織)ASEAN=AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations東南亞國家聯(lián)盟AL/ArabLeague=LeagueofArabStates阿拉伯國家聯(lián)盟AU=AfricanUnion非洲聯(lián)盟CHR=CommissiononHumanRights(聯(lián)合國)人權(quán)委員會CIS=CommonwealthofIndependentStates獨(dú)立國家聯(lián)合體TheCommonwealth=CommonwealthofNations英聯(lián)邦66.G-7=GroupofSeven(西方)七國集團(tuán)SNES=Seven-NationEconomicSummit(西方)七國經(jīng)濟(jì)最高級會議IAEA=InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)ICJ=InternationalCourtofJustice(聯(lián)合國)國際法院海牙國際法庭IMF=InternationalMonetaryFund(聯(lián)合國)國際貨幣基金組織IOC=InternationalOlympicCommittee國際奧林匹克委員會67.NATO=NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公約組織OPEC=OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油輸出國組織SC(UN)=SecurityCouncilofUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國)安全理事會UNESCO=UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization聯(lián)合國教育、科學(xué)及文化組織(教科文組織)WHO=WorldHealthOrganization世界衛(wèi)生組織WTO=WorldTradeOrganization世界貿(mào)易組織68.compareCarBlastKills2Iraqis(TheNewYorkTimes)CarBombSouthofBaghdadKillsTwo(TheWashingtonPost)ThreeBeheadedBodiesFoundinIraq(AP美聯(lián)社)ThreeDecapitatedCorpsesFoundinBaghdad(Reuters)69.1.
UStoldnottoexploitTibetissue2.Forbes:HaierTopsChina’sBrand-NameList3.VisitorsFlockingtoMao’sbirthplace4.RussianPresidentialCandidateMissing5.USTeaminIraqtoAssessPowerTransition6.KerryVictoriousbyWideMarginin2MoreStates7.GeorgeW.Bush’sDaysNumbered:JohnKerry8.BirdFluDetectedinU.S.asVirusWaneinAsia70.Candidateinthewind
HowawaveringHillaryRodhamClintonfinallydecidedtodeclare
Well,it’sabouttime.Yesterday,HillaryClintonturnedthelongest-runningunofficialcampaigninpoliticalsoap-operahistoryintosomethingreal.Sheisnowanactual,for-the-record,read-my-lipscandidatefortheU.S.SenatefromNewYork.Notes:for-the-recordv.s.offtherecordreadmylips71.ToSaveornottosaveUncleSamsendsthewrongmessage.WhyisthepersonalsavingsrateintheU.Ssolow?Conventionalwisdomsaysit’sbecausemanypeopleearnjustenoughtogetby.72.DoastheMaorisdoUnitedNationsSecretary-GeneralKofiAnnandoesthe“hongi”,atraditionalMaorigreetingwithMaoriAffairsMinisterDoverSamuelswhilemeetingthecabinetinWellingtonyesterday.AnnanisonanofficialvisittoNewZealand.Notes:doastheMaorisdoWheninRome,doastheRomansdoHongitouchingnose73.ZhangChunqiao,amemberofChina'snotorious“GangofFour”ledbythewifeoflateChairmanMaoZedong,diedofcancerlastmonth,theXinhuanewsagencyreported.Hewas88.
ZhanghadbeenonmedicalparolesinceJanuary1998andhaddiedonApril21,Xinhuasaidwithoutgivingfurtherdetailsofanysurvivors.
74.MemberofGangofFourZhangChunqiaodies
75.VisitingChairmanofPeopleFirstPartyJamesCYSoongreiteratedhispersistentstanceinBeijingWednesdaythathispartyisresolutelyopposedtoforcesfor"Taiwanindependence,"whichisadeadalleyforpeaceandstabilityacrosstheTaiwanStraits.SoongmadetheremarkwhenaddressingthefacultyofBeijing-basedTsinghuaUniversitytelevisedlive.76.'Taiwanindependence'adeadalley:Soong
77.Astorekeeperstrippedthreeboys,aged6-9,oftheirclothesaftershecaughtthemstealingcandiesinShenzhen,onSaturday.Thethreeboys,twowithouttheirshirtsandonewithouthispants,thenranthethreeblockstotheirhomeintears.78.Candy-stealingboysstrippedofclothes
79.Dawei,aSiberiantigerfromDalian,LiaoningProvince,iswaitinganxiouslyathisnewlybuilttwo-room
suitein
Shanghaitomeethisnewmate.Inacoupleofdays,thetwo-year-oldwillbeofficiallyintroducedtohis
localgirlfriend,atwo-year-oldfemaletigerwhogrewupattheShanghaiWildAnimalPark.80.Tigereagertomeethisnewmate
81.HAMILTON-An81-year-oldHamiltonwomanwhofatallystabbedherhusbandtoendhissufferingfromadvancedAlzheimer’sdiseasewillnothavetoservetimeinjaildespitepleadingguiltytomanslaughter.AnOntariojudge,citingJeanBrush’sageandlife-longcontributionstothecommunity,saidshehasalreadysufferedmorethananypunishmentthecourtcouldimpose,andreleasingherwouldendangernoone.Hedescribedthemercykilling,afterasuicidepactfailed,as“adesperateattempttoendherandherhusband’slifewithsomeshredofdignityandwithoutbecomingaburdenonsociety.82.a.Awomankillsherhusband.b.An81-year-oldHamiltonwomanpleadedguilty.c.Awomanfreedaftermercykilling.
83.ALBANY,NewYork-After18yearsofbeingvetoedbyDemocraticgovernors,adeathpenaltylawsignedbyGeorgePataki,thestate’sRepublicangovernor,tookeffectFriday.NewYorkisthe38thstatetoenactadeathpenaltysince1976,whentheU.S.SupremeCourtallowedstatestoresumecapitalpunishment.84.NewYorkDeathPenaltyinEffect85.TheNewspaperLeadThefirstparagraphofanewsstoryiscalledthelead.Italmostalwaysgivesyouthestory'smaintopicandmostimportantfacts.Whenyoureadanewspaperleadsentence,trytofindthesubjectandmainverbandnotehowtherestofthesentenceaddsinformationtothesubjectandmainverb.86.AnwarSadatAssassinatedatCairoMilitaryReviewCAIRO,October7-EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat,amodern-daypharaohwhoattemptedtoleadtheArabworldtowardapermanentMideastpeacewithIsreal,wasassassinatedyesterdaybyabandofsoldierswhoattackedamilitaryparadereviewingstandwithautomaticriflesandhandgrenades.Notethatagreatdealofinformationisincludedinasinglesentence.Thewriterhasorganizedthesentencearoundthesubject(EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat)andmainverb(wasassassinated)verycarefully.
87.FunctionsofaLead1.Totellthemainpointsofapieceofnewsinconciselanguage2.Toleadreaderstothethemeorsubjectofthenews3.Toarousethereaders’interest88.LeadAccordingtojournalismexpertsofoldtimes,aleadmustanswer5W’sand1“H”.5“W”when?where?who?what?why?Hhow?Advantage:Suchkindofleadconcreteandcompleteenablesthereaderstocatchthemainfacts.Disadvantage:itputstoomanycontentstogether,failingtogiveprominencetothekeypointsandcreatingsuspense.89.ReformedLeadSince1950s,all-in-oneleadwasnolongerthegoldenrule.Ajournalistmayonlystressoneortwokeyelementsintheleadandputtheotherinthebody.90.TheInvertedPyramidForm倒金字塔式Thefactsarearrangedintheorderofdescendingimportance,theclimaxandconclusioncomingthefirst.91.TheInvertedPyramidForm92.ContainingmostimportantormostInterestinginformation
MorefactsSupportinginformationorbackgroundQuotesormorefactsoflesserimportanceMinordetailsLeastsignificantinformation93.examplesROME,Nov.8Aprovincialprosecutor,his
(who)driverandhisbodyguardweremachine-gunned(what)
todeath
onacountryroadsouthofhere
today(where)(when)bypoliticalterrorists,whoalsowoundedoneof
(why)(how)theiraccomplicesandlaterkilledhim.94.
ThekillingscalledintodoubtstatementsbytheGovernmentthatithadcrippledterroristorganizationsthrougharrestsofkeyleaders.(Paragraph2tosupplement“why”byraisingdoubtaboutthegovernment)
Twoleftistterroristgroups,FrontLineandFightingFormationsforCommunism,bothtookresponsibilityforthekillings.BotharerelatedtotheRedBrigadesterroristorganization.(Para.3tospecify“who”istheassassinator)95.Theofficialwhowaskilled,FedeleCalvosa59yearsold,waschiefprosecutorforFroninone,anareasouthofRome,andwasdeputyprosecutorforRome.Hewasonhiswaytoworkwhenhiscarwasambushed.ThetwoothervictimswereGiuseppePagleil,29,MrCalvosa’sbodyguard,andLucianorossi,24,hisdriver.(Para4tomakecleartheidentityoftheassassinated“who”)96.Themostcommonabbreviationsandacronyms
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