高二英語（牛津譯林版）M5U3Grammar3

高二英語Module5Unit3Grammar-3非謂語動詞授課教師劉淑英

在英語中，動詞按其在句子中的作用，可分為：謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。謂語動詞就是可以單獨直接在句子中做謂語的動詞。非謂語動詞就是不能單獨在句子中做謂語的動詞。一、什么叫做非謂語動詞二、非謂語動詞的表現(xiàn)形式有：不定式（todo）現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）過去分詞（done）動名詞（doing）三、非謂語動詞的特征1、動詞特征：A、時態(tài)：一般式完成式todotohavedone

doinghavingdoneIthinkitwise_______(ask)himforadvice.Theyseem____________(finish)theirwork.__________(do)hishomework,hewentoutforplay.Hesentmeane-mail,______(hope)togetmoreadvice.toasktohavefinishedHavingdonehoping1.Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggereffort___her.

A.pleasingB.tohavepleasedC.topleaseD．havingpleased2.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported___twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.

A.tobesetupB.beingsetup

C.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetupCCB、語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)

todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneHeasked________(send)toworkinthefactory.Heissaid_____________(send)toLondonalready.Thisistheproblem___________(discuss)atthemeetingnow._____________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.tobesenttohavebeensentbeingdiscussedHavingbeentold注：1、非謂語動詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是：not+非謂語動詞Thepatientwaswarned

nottoeat

oilfoodaftertheoperation.Notknowing

whattodo,hephonedhimagain.Tonywasunhappyfor

nothavingbeeninvited

totheparty.1.The_______(excite)peoplerushedintothebuilding.2.Whenwecametoschoolthatmorning,wefoundallthewindows_______.A.beingstolenB.tobestolenC.stolenD.tohavebeenstolenexcitedstolen3.Theteacherstoodthere__________byhisstudents.A.tobesurroundedB.surroundedC.havingsurroundedD.tohavebeensurroundedsurrounded主語表語賓語補語定語狀語不定式++++++現(xiàn)在分詞++++過去分詞++++動名詞++++非謂語動詞的語法功能一、

不定式與動名詞作主語不定式作主語多表示具體的某次動作，尤其是指將來的動作。動名詞作主語多表示習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的動作。_____withfireisdangerous.A.PlayingB.Toplay

_____withfirewillbedangerous.A.Toplay

B.PlayingIappreciated___theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.A.havingbeengivenB.havinggivenC.tohavebeengivenD.tohavegiven2.Revolutionmeans___theproductiveforces.

A.toliberate.B.tohaveliberated

C.liberatingD.havingbeingliberatedAC3.Theteacherdoesn'tpermit___inclass.

A.smokeB.tosmoke

C.smokingD.tohaveasmoke4.Shepretended____mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen

CA二、動名詞與不定式作賓語

在一個句子中，用不定式，還是用動名詞作賓語，往往是由句子謂語動詞的用法來決定的。非謂語動詞作賓語有以下幾種情況：A.常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：wish、ask、promise、pretend、fail

decide、learn、agree、manage、demand、plan、refuse、seem、expectB.常接動名詞作賓語的動詞有：suggest、finish、enjoy、mind、avoid、miss、practise、excuse、consider、can’thelp1.like、love、hate、prefer等詞后接不定式時，表示具體得某次動作，尤其是將來的動作；接動名詞時，表示習(xí)慣、經(jīng)驗、體會。Ipreferbeingalone.Iprefertostayathometoday.C.既可接不定式又可接動名詞作賓語的動詞：2.remember、forget、regret等詞后接不定式時，表示一未發(fā)生的動作；接動名詞時，表示一已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動作。Iforgottellinghimthenews.Iforgottotellhimthenews.Idon’trememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.3.want、need、require等此后接不定式用被動式的形式；動名詞用主動式的形式。句子的意思沒有差別。但句子得主語一般是一表物的名詞或代詞。Yourwatchneedsrepairing\toberepaired.Thewindowsneedpaintingagain\tobepaintedagain.IfIhadremembered_______(close)thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.

2.

Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.

3.

Thissentenceneeds_______(improve).

toclosetorestimproving或tobeimproved4.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers___abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Theywouldnotallowhim___acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingCA6.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed___.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest___inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepairedCD8.IcanhardlyimaginePeter______(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.9._______(help)bytheirteacher,thestudentsfinishedthetasksuccessfully.Helpedsailing三、非謂語動詞作狀語

1.現(xiàn)在分詞(v+ing)作狀語表示主動的動作。2.過去分詞(v+ed)有兩大特點，一是表被動的動作；二是表已完成的動作。1.時間狀語：可改為時間狀語從句，也可在分詞前加上連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時間意義更明確。2.原因狀語：可改為原因狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)。3.條件狀語：可加連詞if,unless等；也可換成條件狀語從句。4.讓步狀語：有時可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether…or等連詞，可轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語從句。5.方式、伴隨狀語：可改成并列結(jié)構(gòu)或從句。A.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語1.表示時間（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。2.表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中）。3.表示條件（多置于句首）。4.表示讓步（多置于句首）。5.表示結(jié)果（多置于句末）。6.表示方式或伴隨（多置于句末）。Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.HearingWhenthebabysawitsmother,itsmiled.SeeingAstheyhopedtogetoursupport,theysentustheirstatement.HopingWhenhearingWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Don‘tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.SeenGreatlytouchedspokenIfweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Hewaswarnedofthedanger,buthestillwentskatingontheice.

GivenWarnedheB.不定式作狀語不定式作狀語常用來表目的、結(jié)果或原因、程度、條件等。Shelookedintothewindow,andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.注：表目的的不定式還常與soas或inorder連用，構(gòu)成soas(not)todo和inorder(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。To

getthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=

Inorderto

getthereintime,wegotupveryearly.

=Wegotupveryearly

(inorder/soas)to

getthereintime.

Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob.=soasnottolosehisjob.

動名詞在句中不能單獨作狀語，但它可以和before,after,on,by,in,without等介詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。例如：C.動名詞作狀語Withoutsayingaword,hewentaway.OnarrivinginBeijing,hetelephonedme.Oncominginshelaidafileofdocumentsuponthetable.

____________(know)thathewonthematch,hethrewthecapintothesky.2._________________(finish)thehomework,thelittlegirldoesn'tdaretogotoschool.3.________(write)insimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.4.___________(become)ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster‘sdegree.HavingknownNothavingfinishedWrittenTobecome6.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.AhavingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added

7.___upathisfather,heaskedwhatwasthematterwithhim.A.HavinglookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Look8.___suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedCBA不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作補足語的區(qū)別:不定式：強調(diào)被補足的賓語或主語的動作的全過程。過去分詞：強調(diào)被補足的賓語或主語所承受的動作。過去分詞作補足語時，這些過去分詞一般都來自及物動詞，表被動或完成之意。現(xiàn)在分詞：強調(diào)被補足的賓語或主語正在進行的動作。四、非謂語動詞作補足語1.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如hear,feel,find,give,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,smell,watch

等詞的句子中。2.表示“致使”等意義的動詞，如catch,have,get,keep,leave,set的句子中。3.with引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動詞作賓語補足語最常見的是出現(xiàn)在使役動詞、感覺動詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中。即：

havesbdosthhavesbdoingsthhavesthdonehavesthdoing

能使用在此結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞通常有：have,make,see,hear,observe,notice,watch等。Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_______(take)careof.2.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem_______(settle)soquickly.3.Icouldfeelthewind_________(blow)onmyfacefromanopenwindow.takensettledblowingCA4.Hefoundthem____atatable____.A.seating;playingchessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess5.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlocked

B.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlocked

D.toleave;unlocking6.Withalotofwork___,hedidn’tgotothefilm.A.tobedoneB.todoC.doingD.havingdone7.Heknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls___inalldirectionsbefore___.

A.flying;senttosleepB.flying;sendingtosleepC.tofly;tobesenttosleepD.tofly;sendingsleeping

BA五、非謂語動詞作表語1.Thisbookisreally___.A.toentertainB.entertainedC.entertaining2.Hegrewmore___andalittle___whenhegottothemysteriouscave.A.exciting;frightenedB.exciting;frighteningC.excited;frightenedD.excited;frightening3.Themainjoboftheantqueenis___eggs.A.tolayB.layingC.lainD.laidCCB4.Theboywas___,soIdidn’tbelievehimagain.A.disappointingB.disappointedC.todisappoint5.Atthesightofthesnake,thelittlegirlgot___.A.tobefrightenedB.frighteningC.frightenedAC現(xiàn)在分詞(V+ing)作定語：表示所修飾名詞正在進行的,主動的動作。過去分詞(V+ed)作定語：表示一個已經(jīng)完成了的,被動的動作。不定式作定語：表示所修飾名詞一個過去或?qū)淼膭幼?。動名詞作定語：表示所修飾名詞的用途。六、非謂語動詞作定語1.