蘇格拉底介紹英文版

SocratesTheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.——Socrates1.ProfileLifetimeThought123Catalogue2.1Profile3.WhoisSocratesSocrates(469-399B.C.),afamousthinker,philosopher,educatorandcitizenjurorinancientGreece.SocratesandhisstudentPlato,aswellasPlato'sstudentAristotle,arecalled"threesagesofancientGreece",andarewidelyregardedasthefoundersofwesternphilosophybylatergenerations.4.2Lifetime5.DeathMiddle

AgeYouthChildhood6.ChildhoodSocrateswasborninalopeke,andbelongedtothetribeantiochis.Hisfatherwassophroniscus,asculptor,orstonemason.Hismotherwasamidwifenamedphaenarete.Theyearofbirthofsocratesstatedisanassumeddate,orestimate.

Contemporaneoussourcesstatehewasbornnotverymuchlaterthansometimeaftertheyear471,hisdateofbirthiswithintheperiodofyearsranging470to469bc,orwithinarange469to468BC(correspondingtothefourthyearofthe77tholympiad).7.Youth

Socratesstudiedsculpturewithhisfather.Later,hereadHomer'sepicandotherfamouspoets'works,andbecameaverylearnedmanbyhimself.Hemadealivingbyimpartingknowledge,andinhis30shebecameasocialethicsteacherwhodidnotgetpaidorsetupalibrary.8.Thepeakyearsofhislife!MiddleAgeAroundtheageof40,hebecameafamousfigureinathens.Inathens,hearguedwithmanywisemenaboutphilosophy,mainlyaboutethicsandeducationpolitics.Hewasregardedasthemostintelligentmanatthattime.Headvocatespeopletoknowthetruthoflifeandliveamorallife.Hedefinesphilosophyas“l(fā)oveofwisdom".OneofhisimportantpointsisthatIknowthatIknownothing.Manychildrenofrichandpoorfamiliesoftengatheredaroundhimandaskedforadvice.Socratesoftensaid,"IknowthatIknownothing."Heconcluded:“onlygodiswise.Hisansweristoindicatethatthewisdomofapersonisoflittlevalueortotallyworthless.GodisnottalkingaboutSocrates.Hejustusesmynameasanexplanation.Heisproudofhisignoranceandbelievesthateveryoneshouldadmithisignorance.Asacitizen,hejoinedthearmythreetimesandservedasheavyinfantry.Heshowedtenacityandbraveryinthewarandrescuedinjuredsoldiersmorethanonce.9.DeathAsacitizenofAthens,itisrecordedthatSocrateswasfinallysentencedtodeathbytheAthenscourtforinsultingtheAthenianGod,introducingnewtheismandcorruptingtheAthenianyouththought.AlthoughSocrateshadthechancetoescape,hechosetodrinkHibiscusjuicetodie,becausehebelievedthatescapingwouldonlyfurtherunderminetheauthorityofAthenslaw.10.3Thought11.PerhapshismostimportantcontributiontoWesternthoughtishisdialecticmethodofinquiry,knownastheSocraticmethodormethodof"elenchus",whichhelargelyappliedtotheexaminationofkeymoralconceptssuchastheGoodandJustice.ItwasfirstdescribedbyPlatointheSocraticDialogues.Tosolveaproblem,itwouldbebrokendownintoaseriesofquestions,theanswerstowhichgraduallydistilltheanswerapersonwouldseek.ThedevelopmentandpracticeofthismethodisoneofSocrates'smostenduringcontributions,andisakeyfactorinearninghismantleasthefatherofpoliticalphilosophy,ethicsormoralphilosophy,andasafigureheadof